Ac tholos Greece At the moment there are

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World Heritage Sites.ppt

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Ac. tholos. Greece At the moment there are more than 460 world heritage sites around the world from Albania to Ksar of Benhaddou. Marocco. Zimbabwe. Some sites are man-made such as the old city of Quito to Ecuador, other sites are natural such as the Los Glaciares National Park in Argentina. However, every site is important because every site is a part of everyone’s past or present. Every site is a part of everyone’s future. St. Petersburg. Russia Sanchi. India Stature of Liberty. USA Geghard Monastery. Armenia

Our children and grandchildren may not have a chance to visit many of the most famous places around the world. War, weather, age, traffic and pollution damage these famous places. There is a need for construct renovation. But looking after these places often costs more than one country can afford.

In the early 1970 s, world governments decided that if they joined together, they would be able to preserve our history. If every country paid some money, they said, it would be possible to look after important historic places. Also, if they discovered that a monument needed urgent help, they would have money for repairs. For these reasons, countries around the world united to form The World Heritage Organisation in 1972. Today, the organisation helps to maintain and restore the most important places from our history. • • The international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The programme aims to catalogue, name, and conserve sites of outstanding cultural or natural importance to the common heritage of mankind. Each World Heritage Site is the property of the country on whose territory the site is located, but it is considered in the interest of the international community to preserve each site for future generations of humanity. As of 2006, a total of 830 sites are listed: 644 cultural, 162 natural, and 24 mixed properties, in 138 States Parties.

Which of this ideas does the text mention? - building high fence - using guard - reducing pollution - closing the sites - installing TV cameras - paying entrance fees - removing the valuable items - educating people • People sometimes enter the sites and destroy or damage the buildings. At some sites, such as Stonehenge, governments have built high fences to protect the site from vandals. • There are many different ideas about how to solve the problem of vandalism. Some experts say that if guards patrolled the sites, vandals wouldn’t be able to get in. Other experts say that if they installed more television cameras, they wouldn’t need so many guards. • Other experts say that the best solution is education. If people learned to respect history, they wouldn’t destroy or damage it. They would also want to spend money to look after old places. For this reason, The World Heritage Organization helps to spread information about the value of historic sites.

Wood Buffalo National Park is the largest national park in Canada at 44, 807 km². The park was established in 1922 to protect the world's largest herd of free roaming Wood Bison, currently estimated at more than 2, 000. Wood Buffalo National Park contains a large variety of wildlife species, such as moose, black bear, wolf, lynx, brown bear, snowshoe hare, sandhill crane, Wood Buffalo, ruffed grouse, and the garter snake, which form famous communal dens within the park. It is the only known nesting site of whooping cranes. Gros Beak Lake Fort Smith Nashornpelikane

Grand Canyon National Park is one of the United States' oldest national parks and is considered to be one of the major natural wonders of the world. The park covers 4927 km². The Grand Canyon itself, including its extensive system of tributary canyons, is neither the largest nor deepest canyon in the world, but it is valued for the spectacular combination of large size, depth, and the exposed layering of colorful rocks dating back to Precambrian times.

Chichen Itza is a large archaeological site built by the Maya civilization, located in Mexico. The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, from what is called “Mexicanized”. Archaeological data, such as evidence of burning at a number of important structures and architectural complexes, suggest that Chichen Itza's collapse was violent. Following the decline of Chichen Itza's hegemony, regional power in the Yucatán shifted to a new center at Mayapan. Templo de los Guerreros Head of serpent column

The Galapagos Islands are 1, 100 km west of Ecuador. There are many species of reptiles, birds and plants which are only found here. These animals survived on the island because they were isolated from dangerous animals, disease and people. The islands are famous for the huge tortoises. They can live for about 100 years and can weight about 270 km. Some tortoises were taken off the island for zoos or private collections. But now, they and their home are protected.

Copán is a locale in extreme western Honduras. It is the site of a major Maya kingdom of the Classic era. The kingdom flourished from the 5 th century AD to the early 9 th century. The site in Copan is best known for producing a remarkable series of portrait stelae, most of which were placed along processional ways in the central plaza of the city and the adjoining "acropolis" (a large complex of overlapping step-pyramids, plazas, and palaces). Although this large ruined city was known locally since early colonial times, it remained largely unknown by the outside world until a series of explorers visited it in the early 19 th century. Archeologists have consolidated and restored many structures at the site. Copan Ruins

Easter Island is in the south Pacific, 3, 700 km from coast of Chile. On the island, there are 600 large statures. We don’t know who built them but they were probably constructed between 1150 and 1500. We don’t really know why they are there. Archaeologists think that the statures represent dead tribal leaders. There are many unanswered questions about Easter Island.

Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian city created by the Inca. It is above the Urubamba Valley in Peru. Machu Picchu was constructed around 1450. The primary archaeological treasures are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun and the Room of the Three Windows. These were dedicated to Inti, their sun god and greatest deity. The Intihuatana is believed to have been designed as an astronomic clock by the Incas. Solar Clock Temple of the Sun

Parque Nacional Los Glaciares is a national park in Argentina. It comprises an area of 4459 km². Its name refers to the giant Ice Cap (the biggest outside Antarctica and Greenland) in the Andes range that feeds 47 large glaciers, of which only 13 flow towards the Atlantic Ocean. In other parts of the world, glaciers start at a height of at least 2, 500 meters above mean sea level, but due to the size of the Ice Cap, these glaciers begin at only 1, 500 m, sliding down to 200 m AMSL, eroding the surface of the mountains that support them.

The Giant’s Causeway is in North Island, UK. It is one of the strange formations in the world. Local people say that it was built by an enormous giant Finn Mac. Cool for his girlfriend to walk to him across the sea without getting wet. Geologists say that the causeway was made about 60 million years ago from lava. The columns of the causeway all have a very similar pattern. After the lava cooled, it was shaped by the sea and glaciers. Every minute and every day the process continues.

Stonehenge is a monument located in the UK, on Salisbury Plane. One of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. Archaeologists believe the standing stones were erected around 3200 BC and the surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 310 BC. Heelstone

Memphis was the ancient capital of Egypt from its foundation until around 1300 BC. The name "Memphis" is the Greek deformation of the Egyptian name of Pepi I's pyramid. The great pyramids of Giza were built around 2700 -2500 BC as tombs for the pharaohs. The Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) is the largest, it covers 13 acres and stands about 137 m high. It was constructed of around 2. 3 million stones and each of the stones weigh from 2 to 30 tons each. Located in Giza on the west bank of the Nile River, near Cairo, the pyramids remain one of the engineering marvels of all time.

Victoria Falls are shared between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The falls are the largest waterfall on the planet, as well as being among the most unusual in form, and having arguably the most diverse and easily-seen wildlife of any major waterfall site. At the Victoria Falls the blue Zambezi River, about 2 km wide, suddenly falls down for over a hundred metres. Many of Africa's animals and birds can be seen in the immediate vicinity of Victoria Falls, and the continent's range of river fish is also well represented in the Zambezi.

In 1871 Karl Mauch, a German, discovered huge stone walls in Zimbabwe. The Walls covered 25 hectares around what is now called ‘Great Zimbabwe’. It is the most impressive Iron Age site in Africa. On top of a hill, there is a large castle and underneath this is the ‘Great Enclosure’. The Great Enclosure has enormous walls – sometimes 11 m high and 1. 2 m thick. Inside it there are many huts, rooms and a mysterious 9 -metre-high stone tower that has no stairs, no windows and no doors. Why did they build the tower? Great archaeologists think the Great Enclosure was built about 1, 000 years ago.

Bassae, meaning "little vale in the rocks" is an archaeological site. It is famous for the wellpreserved mid-5 th century BCE Temple of Apollo Epikourios. Although this temple is geographically remote, it is one of the most studied ancient Greek temples because of its multitude of unusual features. The temple's remoteness has worked to its advantage for its preservation. Due to its distance from major metropolitan areas it also has less of a problem with acid rain. The temple of Apollo is presently covered in white tent with five rows in order to protect the ruins from the elements. Bassae Fragment Metope

Assumption Cathedral The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius is the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad. The monastery was founded in 1345 by one of the most venerated Russian saints, Sergius of Radonezh, who built a wooden church in honour of the Holy Trinity at the Makovets Hill. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet government closed the lavra in 1920. The Lavra was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1945. In 1946 divine service was renewed at the Assumption Cathedral. Now the monastery is a prime centre of religious education. Duck Tower

Petra is an archaeological site in Jordan, the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. It is famous for having many stone structures carved into the rock. It was famously described as "a rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate prize-winning sonnet by John William Burgon. Petra Monastery Amphitheatre

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India. The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned it as a mausoleum for his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Construction began in 1632 and was completed in approximately 1648. Some dispute surrounds the question of who designed the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal (sometimes called "the Taj") is generally considered the finest example of Mughal architecture, a style that combines elements of Persian, Turkish, Indian, and Islamic architectural styles. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 when it was described as a "universally admired masterpiece of the world's heritage. Her last wish to her husband was "to build a tomb in her memory such as the world had never seen before".

The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in China, built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5 th century BC and the 16 th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire during the rule of successive dynasties. The Great Wall is one of the existing mega structures and the world's longest humanmade structure, stretching over approximately 6, 400 km It is also the largest human-made structure ever built in terms of surface area and mass.

The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the world's largest coral reef system, composed of roughly 3, 000 individual reefs and 900 islands that cover an area of approximately 344, 400 A coral is a tiny marine polyp. A coral reef is a natural barrier made of bodies of living and dead coral. It is just below the surface of the water. It is the home for 1500 species of fish, 400 types of coral, 500 species of seaweed, 215 species of birds, 16 species of sea snake, 6 species of sea turtle.

Tongariro is the first national park in New Zealand the fourth in the world. It is also a dual World Heritage area, a status which recognizes the park's important Maori cultural and spiritual associations as well as its outstanding volcanic features. It is a place of extremes and surprises, a place to explore and remember. From herb fields to forests, from tranquil lakes to desert-like plateau and active volcanoes - Tongariro has them all. Great Volcanoes Emerald Lakes Vegetation

• Listen. One of the monument is talking about the problems it has had. Which monument is it? • Listen again. Which of this problems does it mention? traffic fumes wars graffiti earthquakes and volcanoes floods heavy lorries and coaches snow and ice people’s feet

• Stonehenge • traffic fumes graffiti snow and ice wars heavy lorries and coaches