Ab initio Training: From zero to ATPL SEFA proposal to CAFUC - November 2006
ENAC • French Civil Aviation University • • • Civil Engineer (IPC) to educate and train them as high level executives of the ministry namely at the Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile (DGAC). Air Navigation Control Engineer Civil Aviation Design and Operations Senior Technician “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SEFA The French DGAC Flight Training School FTO approval JAR-FCL 1 licences & qualifications Full assurance quality “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SEFA’s EXPERIENCE • CPL, IRME, ATP courses • MCC course • Refresher course • Bridge courses (ELT/MCC) • Instructor rating courses (FI, CRI, IRI, TRI) • Type rating course • Line training “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
“From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
F/O training course until 1999 REGULATIONS Instructors -Recruitment -Training (refresher) Pedagogical Means -A/C, FSTD SEFA Flight Training School TRAINEES -screening “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
F/O training course until 1999 • Until 1990 • 350 hours of flight training • MS 733 then HR 100 (SEP) • N 262 (bi turboprop pressurized) then C 310 (MEP) • MS Paris (light bi turbine) then Corvette • From 1990 to 1994 • 255 hours of flight training • TB 10/TB 20 (SEP) • C 310 (MEP) • B 200 (30 h) • From 1995 to 1999 • 200 hours of flight training • TB 10/TB 20 (SEP) • C 310/BE 58(MEP) • B 200 (2 h) “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Pilots Profession The Past • 70% Flying • 30% Managing - Limited autoflight - High level of manual flying skills - Non Prec. Approaches “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Pilots Profession “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Pilots Profession Now and the Future • 70% Managing • 30% Flying - auto approaches autoland - FMGS –complex autoflight - 1 g flight path, autotrim - Radar vectors, ILS, GNSS - TCAS, EGPWS “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Pilots Profession “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Training devices The Past No standardisation • Few flight hours credits • Analog simulation • Low riability • Poor visual cues • Lack of suitable database “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Training devices “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Training devices Now and the Future • JAA(EASA) standards • Digital simulation - Enhanced Visual - data package (aerodynamic) - Control loading - Cockpit layout “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Training devices TB 20 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
1999 : JAA regulation ATP integrated course • JAR FCL 1 Appendix 1 to JAR–FCL 1. 160 & 1. 165(a)(1) At least 195 hours (55 hours may be instrument ground time) • 95 hours of Dual instruction • 55 hours may be instrument ground time • 50 hours of cross country flight • Including a VFR cross country flight totalling at least 300 Nm • 5 hours flight time at night • • • 1 hour of cross country flight 5 solo take off and full stop • • • 50 hours of instrument flight instruction (40 hours may be ground training) 20 hours as SPIC 15 hours MCC 115 hours of instrument time Maximal Duration 36 months including theory phase “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ATP (A) INTEGRATED COURSE Theoretical training program • Appendix 1 to JAR-FCL 1. 160 & 1. 165(a)(1) Subject 010 020 030 040 050 060 070 080 090 Total Air Law Aircraft General Knowledge Flight Performance and Planning Human Performance and Limitations Meteorology Navigation Operational Procedures Principles of Flight Communications hours/subject (minima) 40 80 90 50 60 150 20 30 30 550 hours Theoretical knowledge : at least 750 hours “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ATP (A) INTEGRATED COURSE Theoretical training program • Learning Objectives • Refer to JAR FCL theoretical knowledge • Represent an indication of the depth and scope for theoretical knowledge required by the ATPL • Define theoretical knowledge which a student should have assimilated on successful completion of the course. “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ATP (A) INTEGRATED COURSE Learning Objectives 021 00 00 00 021 01 01 01 LO Aircraft General Knowledge Airframe and systems, electrics, power plant, emergency equipment System design, Loads, Stresses, Maintenance System design Design concept Describe the following system design philosophy - Safe life - Fail safe - Damage tolerant “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
JAA standardized training for F/O Line training Type Rating ATP Integrated course Ab initio CPL/IRME/MCC “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
INTEGRATED ATP • OBJECTIVES Deliver an efficient co-pilot on an XXX transport aeroplane. The multi-pilot concept and procedures begin after the student pilot has acquired strong flying skills in basic training. No previous flying experience needed. On completion of training ATPL (A) certificates, CPL, IRME and an MCC training certificate will be issued. • TYPE RATING An applicant holding a course completion certificate for this Integrated ATP course has acquired the professional level to undergo an MPA type rating in the most favourable conditions. “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Ab ini tio Integrated ATP syllabus Theoretical course 28 Weeks VFR SEP IR MEP MCC 20 Weeks 13 Weeks 09 Weeks 3 Weeks M cer CC tific ate IRME CP L 14 ce + E rtifica ngl tes ish Check points Note that an integrated training under JAR-FCL 1 leads directly to commercial licenses without PPL and HPA step. “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Theory phase Classroom Progress Test 010 – Air law 96. 00 050 - Meteorology 64. 00 08. 00 060 – Navigation 061 – general navigation 062 - radionavigation 105. 50 (72. 00) (33. 30) 11. 00 (08. 0) (03. 00) 080 – Principles of flight 69. 00 05. 00 090 – Communications 24. 00 01. 00 020 – Aircraft general knowledge 021 – Airframe, engines, elect. equip. 022 – instrumentation 184. 00 (143. 00) (41. 00) 22. 00 (18. 00) (04. 00) 030 – Flight performances and planning 031 – mass and balance 032 – performances 033 – flight preparation and management 93. 00 (22. 00) (48. 00) (23. 00) 04. 00 (01. 00) (02. 00) (01. 00) 040 – Human performances and limitations 52. 00 05. 00 070 – Operational procedures 39. 50 03. 00 727. 00 64. 00 Preparation for certificates Sub Total TOTAL 791. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
VFR SEP PHASE • Objectives : • This phase comprises two modules used for acquiring the skills needed to operate with the level of a commercial pilot. VFR SEP Cours e FNPT II Dual Solo SPIC MNA module 37. 00 - 23. 00 05. 00 02. 00 NAV module 71. 00 05. 00 40. 00 19. 00 Total 108. 00 05. 00 99. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
TB 20 A/C & FNPT II “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
UPSET RECOVERY • Objectives : • To improve flying skills • To develop space orientation and self-confidence • To assimilate techniques for recovering from unusual positions UR Cours e FNPT II Dual Solo SPIC UR 03. 00 - 10. 00 00. 50 Total 03. 00 - 11. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
CAP 10 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
IRSE PHASE • Objectives : • Acquiring skills for flight control in IFR flight mode on a single engine aircraft IR SE Co FN Du SP ur PT al IC se II Sub Total 47. 25. 13. 33. 00 00 50 00 Total 47. 25. 00 00 46. 50 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
TB 20 A/C & FNPT II “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SPIC Student Pilot-in-command • Definition : • A way to build and assess non technical skills : • • Flight time during which the flight instructor will only observe the student acting as pilot-in-command shall not influence or control the flight of the aircraft Assertiveness Airmanship Communication Decision making Management of workload Situation awareness Metaknowledge “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
IR ME Phase • Objectives : • Acquiring the skill needed to operate IFR flights on a multi engine aircraft. IR ME Course FNPT II Dual flight SPIC Flight Sub Total 49. 00 25. 00 24. 00 - TOTAL 49. 00 25. 00 24. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Beech 58 A/C & FNPT “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Adapted MCC • Objectives : • Leads low experience pilots to acquire the professional level to undergo an aircraft type rating in accordance with customer need, including Multi Crew Cooperation training. N° Title Device Hours B 07 MCC FNPT II ATR 20 (10 PF/10 PNF) B 10 A 320 ELT MCC FNPT II A 320 32 (16 PF/16 PNF) B 11 MCC A 320 (JOC + MCC) FNPT II A 320 60 (30 PF/30 PNF) “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Integrated ATP summary Course FNPT II Dual Solo SPIC ATPL 791. 00 VFR 111. 00 05. 00 73. 00 15. 50 21. 50 IR SE 47. 00 25. 00 13. 50 - 33. 00 IR ME 49. 00 25. 00 24. 00 - - MCC 38. 00 32. 00 - - - Sub total - - 110. 50 15. 50 54. 50 TOTAL 1 036. 00 87. 00 180. 50 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
THE NEXT STEP MPL vs ATP A new concept for ab-initio training SEFA proposal to CAFUC - November 2006
ATP(A) course F/O Line training Bridge course & Type Rating Ab initio ATP Integrated course CPL-IRME-MCC “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
A new concept : MPL F/O Line training MPL course Including Type Rating Ab initio “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
MPL vs Modular training Line TRNG TR Advanced Bridge Course Intermediate MCC A T IR-ME P CPL M P L Basic Core flying “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
MPL vs Modular training • ISD monitored • Competency Based Training • Multi pilot oriented training • Intensive use of simulation tools • Increase training consistency between FI/TRI • FTO : having a specific approved arrangement with a JAR-OPS 1 operator “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ISD : Instructional System Design Trainair ICAO Preliminary study Analysis Job analysis Population analysis Design of curriculum Design and production Design of modules Training proposals, their justification and propose course of action Task description and performance standards Trainee characteristics and their existing skills and knowledge Training objectives, mastery tests and sequence of modules Mode of delivery, training techniques and media, draft training material Production of all trainee materials Validation and Revision Evaluation Production and Developmental Testing Try-out of course and revision as required Implementation Post training evaluation Human resources trained Evaluation of training effectiveness, plans for remedial action “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
FTO/OPERATOR for a MPL course French Regional Airline • Operates 24 ATR Aircraft • SEFA • Has performed line training • Instructor acting as Captain, TRI/TRE and F/O “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ISD : Instructional System Design JOB ANALYSIS : Task description and performance standards By SEFA + OPERATOR “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SKILLS REQUIRED AIRLINE • Technical skills • RS 1 • Handling and trajectory (orientation/spatial awareness) • Piloting with automatisms • RS 2 : Action-check and cross-check • RS 3 : Communication (technical) • RS 4 : Organisation –workload management • RS 5 : Priority management “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SKILLS REQUIRED • Non Technical skills • Leadership and managerial skills • Co-operation • Situation awareness • Decision making • Threat and error management “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Competency Based Training • Competency “Describes the faculty of the trainee to apply knowledge and methods, or to adapt certain behaviours to new and diverse situations” The training objectives are evaluated through observable behaviours in given situations, based on predefined criteria (standards)” “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Competency Skills required for FO Training objectives RS 1 RS 2 RS 3 Control the Aeroplane on the Ground RS 1 RS 2 RS 3 Take Off Aeroplane RS 1 RS 2 RS 3 Control Aeroplane in Normal Flight RS 1 RS 2 RS 3 Land Aeroplane RS 1 RS 2 Execute Advanced Manoeuvres and Procedures RS 1 RS 2 RS 3 RS 4 RS 5 Manage Abnormal Situations “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
DESIGN OF MODULES 12 1 MNA 12 11 MNA 11 10 MNA 10 9 MNA 9 8 MNA 8 7 MNA 7 6 MNA 6 5 MNA 5 4 MNA 4 3 MNA 3 Dual/solo/SPIC/CTL 2 MNA 2 CORE FLYING PHASE 1 MNA 1 Flight 1 1 1 Control aeroplane on the ground Start and stop engine D D I I I I P Taxi aeroplane D D D I I I Carry out pre-take-off procedures D D I I I I Take-off aeroplane D D I I I Take-off in a crosswind D D D D D Carry out after takeoff procedures D D D D I I I Take-off aeroplane D : Basic understanding and knowledge I : Integration of known applications in a familiar situation P : Ability to analyse new situations to elaborate and apply a relevant “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010 strategy
CORE FLYING PHASE • Objectives : • Development of the core flying skills needed to operate in VFR flight mode on a SEP aircraft, including night flying and upset recovery. Core Flying VFR SEP FNPT II Dual flight Solo Flight 10. 00 51. 00 20. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
BASIC PHASE 1/2 • BASIC MEP Objectives : • Development of skills needed to operate in IFR flight mode on a MEP aircraft. Basic MEP IFR MEP FNPT II 41. 00 PF 41. 00 PNF Dual flight Solo Flight 47. 00 - “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
BASIC PHASE 2/2 • BASIC MPA Objectives : • • • Acquisition of the multi crew cooperation concept Piloting a high performance aircraft Acquisition of right-hand seat gestures Basic MEP FNPT II MCC PF IFR MEP PNF 20. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
INTERMEDIATE PHASE • Objectives : • • • To provide the trainees the skills they need to operate an ATR 42 under normal situation within operational environment. Management of simple system failure One Engine Inoperative (OEI) INTERMEDI ATE MPA FFT PF PNF 22. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
ADVANCED PHASE • Objectives : • • To provide the trainees the skills they need to operate an ATR 42 under abnormal and emergency situation within operational environment. Management of complex system failure ADVANC ED MPA FFT PF PNF 16. 00 AIRCR AFT PF 02. 00 “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
MPL SUMMARY MPL FNPT TOTAL SEP MEP JAR 25 A/C 132 h Sub total FFT/FFS 72 h 71 h (20 solo) 47 h 2 h 204 h 120 h 324 h “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
CONCLUSION • DECREASE OF OVERALL TRAINING DURATION • F/O READY FOR LINE TRAINING • Multicrew training in Airline environment • IMPROVEMENT OF FLIGHT SAFETY • Training programme fully adapted to airline needs and specificity • TEM and NOTECHS taken into account all along training “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
SELECTION PROCESS FOR ATPL/MPL INTEGRATED COURSE “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process for integrated course • Open to candidates with an university scientific level “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Step 1 : Written examination • Mathematics • Physics • Written English “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Step 2 – Cognitive Ability testing • Computerized tests • Assessing: Ø sequential reasoning Ø spatial ability Ø numerical facility Ø verbal ability Ø selective attention Ø multitasking / divided attention “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Step 3 – Psychological assessment • Psychological assessment: Ø 2 pilots Ø 1 psychologist ØGroup examination ØIndividual interviews “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Step 3 – Psychological assessment phase 1 • Group examination : Ø 5 candidates ØGeneral discussion ØSelf presentation to the group ØProblem solving with total or partial information ØNo examiner intervention “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Step 3 – Psychological assessment phase 2 • Individual interviews : ØWith the pilots ØWith the psychologist “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Elimination Ratio • Written tests • Cognitive Ability • Psychological • Oral English 70 % 60 % 10 % “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Selection process Elimination Ratio • Written exam: 2100 candidates • Cognitive ability tests: 520 • Psychological & English: 166 • 48 trainees “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
Thank you Questions… “From Zero to ATPL” – ZILINA 14 -15 Sept 2010
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