A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power

A Template For WECS Integration to Small Power Grids Jason. C. Chadee Chandrabhan Sharma Kathryn Young

Agenda § § § § Overview of SATIS 1999 vs. SATIS 2003 Global Wind Market Summary Update- Fernando High Level discussion on WECS Integration template Template Implementation to John Dial Site, Tobago Hard figures (not an overview) on the tremendous and viable prospect for commercial wind power generation Conclusion and Next Steps Contact Information Q&A audience discussion

“Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore” GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003

Energy Systems Group Wind Research § SATIS 1999 Initial General Framework for WECS Integration. Conceptual § SATIS 2003 Defined End-to-End Solution for WECS Integration. Template Application with Logged Data- John Dial, Tobago In-house Developed Software Products Suite

Some Latest News § Carbon Emissions still on the increase – UNFCC Europe, Japan & US 17% > 1990 levels (Kyoto Protocol) § Aus. WEA reports doubling in wind installations (106 MW – 227 MW) in last 6 months. 10% target from renewables by 2010. UK massive offshore expansion of 6000 MW by 2010. 10% 2010 target. § § § World Bank approved US$20 B for Phillippines Rural Electrification Programme. EWEA sets sights on 180, 000 MW Wind in Europe by 2020. § President European Commission visions zero carbon energy system by 2050. § GE Wind 1 year on- Sales up 40% (US$2 B in new orders).

Problem Definition Problems Limited literature of WECS integration to small grids The need for a generalized template in view of the rapid growth of global WECS installations (35% annually, from 1995 – 2002, currently 31, 000 MW installed capacity globally) Proposal A scientific method for WECS integration in the form of a template John Dial is used as an illustration

Template INTEGRATION VALUE

WRA

Wind Profile of John Dial § § § § Annual mean wind speed – 4. 9 m/s at 10 m Class 5 site at 50 m At a hub height of 50 m, a typical turbine will operate 77% of the year Moderate turbulence at 10 m Most persistent and energetic winds - NNE Diurnal pattern is consistently bell shaped Dry season months are windier Annual wind shear exponent of 0. 29

WECS Selection Methodology

Results - John Dial case study Ht (m) Turbine Rated overall efficiency CF Ep MWh/yr Specific Yield k. Wh/yr/m 2 VR 65 Sudwind 1500 43 45. 6 5985 1555 11. 6 65 GE 1500 38. 2 48. 7 6397 1374 12 65 Vestas 2000 20. 3 46. 3 8119 1615 15 65 Lagerwey 2000 39. 3 40. 8 7149 1795 13 80 Vestas 2000 20. 3 49. 7 8707 1732 15 80 Lagerwey 2000 39. 3 44. 3 7768 1951 13

Vestas V 80 -2 MW § Low efficiency § Superior energy production – 8707 MWh/yr § High Capacity Factor – 49. 7% § Rated wind speed – 15 m/s § Induction motor with planetary gearbox

Wind Energy Economics § § Establish factors that affect wind energy economics Unit Cost of Electricity (UCE) & Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

Results - John Dial case study Wind Generation § UCE = 2. 15 - 3. 38 US cents/k. Wh § IRR = 10%-18% Conventional generation § UCEave = 3. 5 US cents/k. Wh

WECS Reliability Study § Determines the value or worth of the WECS to the utility Capacity Credit Energy value § Assesses the impact of WECS penetration on system reliability

ELCC for 4 turbines

Results - John Dial case study Total rated WECS generation Penetration of WECS Capacity Credit (MW) Reduction in LOEE (MWh/yr) 2 9. 7 - 745 4 19. 3 1. 45 1238 6 30 2. 4 1588 8 38 3. 33 1807

Electrical Effect of WECS on grid § Power Flow § Short Circuit Analysis § Stability Changing wind speeds Transient stability

WECS Connection

User written model Vw Vw >VR Vw< VF Pmech = 0 Vw >VC Calculate Pmech = 0 Pmech >MAX Pmech = MAX Pmech Calculate time derivative of Pmech

Scenarios § Case 1 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every § § § 10 sec Case 2 - Changing wind speed at 1 m/s every 0. 5 sec Case 3 - An 18 m/s gust for 5 sec Case 4 - Fault at Scarborough bus

Conclusions § § § Developed an improved WRA Developed a novel method to select the most suitable turbine Quantified WECS profitability from two perspectives (normally UCE is only used) Quantified the WECS value via the capacity credit (important) Investigated electrical effects of WECS integration power flow & short circuit analyses stability analysis – developed a user written wind turbine model for PSS/E

§ WECS integration into a small grid was thoroughly examined § Highlighted major issues and concerns of WECS integration § Illustrated a real world application of template (actual wind speed data, actual grid & commercial turbines) § Template can provide user with a holistic view and comprehensive understanding from several perspectives

Template INTEGRATION VALUE & SOFTWARE SUITES

Is John Dial Suitable For Wind Generation? ! § ABSOLUTELY § § § Mean wind speed Class 5 site at 50 m (Very good) 2 MW WECS – 8707 MWh/yr and CF = 49% UCE between 2 – 3 US cents/k. Wh WECS can displace 40% of similarly rated conventional generation No adverse electrical effects for small WECS penetration (<10%) Increases bus bar voltages near WECS Increases stiffness of the grid Voltage and frequency deviations are insignificant despite wind speed variation

Next Steps § MEEI, TTEC & UWI JV’s to accelerate Commercialisation- No pilot Project but a Plan of Action Public Awareness Campaign & Education UWI Wind Energy Workshop 2004 Rural Electrification Wind Powering Tobago

“Wind Power Generation is not a Science Project Anymore” GE WIND PRESIDENT 2003 ENERGY SYSTEMS GROUP URL: http: //www. eng. uwi. tt/depts/elec/ugrad/deptgrps /nrgysys 2. html Email: sharma@uwi. tt

THANK YOU QUESTIONS?