A publisher’s perspective on standards Discovery and Access: Standards and the Information Chain 7 December 2006 Cliff Morgan, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publishers are interested in … Standards that help customers to: • Discover material • Link to it • Buy it • Know what they can do with it • Be kept up to date about it • Manage their records
• Use the material • Assess its value • Preserve it
Discover material Metadata: • Dublin Core – basis of so many other m/data sets but not used much in raw form by publishers • dcterms (TMSFKADCQ) doesn’t seem to have had much take-up • OAI-PMH – based on DC
Publishers tend not to be involved with: • Z 39. 50 • METS • MODS • Metasearch
• • • Enhances access to e-print archives Neutral regarding business model Authors not using much Publishers could target harvesters ORE (Object Reuse and Exchange) – brought to you by the same people • Allows distributed repositories to exchange info about their constituent digital objects
Link to material • Cross. Ref – based on m/data and id (DOI) standards • Gets a lot of publisher support – 2287 members • Many publishers also Open. URL compliant • Although probably just in its 0. 1 version rather than the NISO standard 1. 0
Buy material • • Product identifiers – ISBN, ISSN Trading product metadata – ONIX EDI standards Interested in any standards that support e-commerce and microtransactions
Know what can be done with material • RELs (Rights Expression Languages): Xr. ML; ODRL • Don’t think many publishers using • ONIX for Licensing Terms – a standard syntax for expressing T&Cs (not for standardising the T&Cs themselves) • Shibboleth – Attribute Release Policy • Automated Content Access Protocol
Be kept up to date about material • • RSS But beware which version 1. 0 is RDF Site Summary 2. 0 is Really Simple Syndication 2. 0 is not a development of 1. 0 Completely different standards 2. 0 is simpler than 1. 0 but less flexible “Urchin” open-source RSS aggregator developed by NPG (PALS project)
Manage library records • MARC (but only if mapping to our m/data sets – publishers aren’t MARC experts) • ONIX for Serials (SPS, SOH and SRN)
Use material • Formats – text PDF, HTML, XML ; graphics (GIF, JPEG, PNG, SVG); multimedia (MPEG) • E-book formats (Mobipocket) • DTDs – e. g. NLM becoming the de facto standard
Assess the value of material • Usage stats: COUNTER • SUSHI for aggregated stats • “Usage Factor” – like the IF
Preserve material • OAIS; CEDARS • But publishers don’t really get into • They preserve their own material but aren’t experts on ingestion, migration, emulation, etc. • Working with the BL on legal deposit
How do publishers assess? • Will it mean more income (sell more units or charge more for each unit)? • Will it reduce costs? • Will it allow me to make a better product or service (even if can’t charge more)? • Will it help to stimulate the market generally?
• • Who’s behind the standard? How likely is take-up? Should I be a spectator or participant? Backing horses – what’s the formbook?
Some examples • Well established and managed – ISBN, ISSN, Cross. Ref, ONIX • Becoming established – ONIX for Serials • Relatively low take-up, may blossom – OAI-PMH, Open. URL • Ones that never really got off the ground – BICI (stillborn), ISTC (no RA) • Early days – Shibboleth, ACAP, ORE, OLT
Conclusions • Some standards are no brainers • Some need assessing re specific and general business impact • Some standards compete • Some never get anywhere (even if agreed need) • They are always a compromise
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