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A New Red Scare A New Red Scare

Paranoid much? ? ? n Red Scare began in Sept 1945 – General fear Paranoid much? ? ? n Red Scare began in Sept 1945 – General fear of a communist effort to secretly weaken the United States and overthrow its government n Ignor Gouzenko shared documents revealing the Soviet Union’s attempt to infiltrate organizations and government agencies in Canada and the United States

The red scare is on… n Truman established a loyalty review program; to screen The red scare is on… n Truman established a loyalty review program; to screen federal employees – How did you become a suspect: § Reading certain books § Belonging to various groups § Viewing certain foreign films § Advocating for equal rights for women n Mc. Carran Act: – Illegal for Americans to engage in activities to create a communist government – Communist organizations had to register with U. S. govt – Communist not allowed to work in defense plants or get passports

Alger Hiss n Prominent government official accused of being a communist n Served in Alger Hiss n Prominent government official accused of being a communist n Served in President Roosevelt’s administration n Hiss denied being a communist and knowing the magazine editor who accused him (Whittaker Chambers)

Was he a communist? n House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) continued to question Hiss Was he a communist? n House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) continued to question Hiss n He finally admitted to knowing Chambers n Chambers had copies of secret documents from the State Department and microfilm n Hiss was tried and convicted of perjury n Hiss was questioned in the hearings by Richard Nixon

Meet the Rosenbergs n Many thought American Communists sold Soviet Union the secret to Meet the Rosenbergs n Many thought American Communists sold Soviet Union the secret to making the atomic bomb n British scientist admitted to giving Soviet Union information which led to the arrest of the Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs n Rosenbergs were members of the Communist Party; were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring

Were they spies? n Rosenbergs n Were denied the charges condemned to death for Were they spies? n Rosenbergs n Were denied the charges condemned to death for espionage n Many appealed, expressed support for the couple and pleaded for clemency n Couple was executed in June 1953

Joseph Mc. Carthy n Read 645 -646 and answer in Reading section: n Where/How Joseph Mc. Carthy n Read 645 -646 and answer in Reading section: n Where/How did he start his campaign against communism? n What is Mc. Carthyism? n What led to his downfall?