A New Ideology for the United States JEFFERSON

A New Ideology for the United States JEFFERSON CHANGES EVERYTHING

ELECTION OF 1801 v Adams vs. Jefferson – Nasty and hard fought v Jefferson ties with VP running mate Aaron Burr a shady character from NY. v Article II Section 3 sends election to “House”. After 35 ballots Jefferson wins w/Burr as VP. v Alexander Hamilton hates Burr and makes sure Jefferson beats him.

HAMILTONand. BURR v Hamilton used influence with Federalists to help Jefferson beat Burr Better a Republican the likes of Burr as president of the US. v Used newspapers to expose Burr’s shady reputation. Burr – insulted - demands public apology – tries for years. v Hamilton refuses, a deal needed whereby Burr can save face & Hamilton doesn’t contradict beliefs. v Cannot agree on a deal…Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel. v Hamilton must accept, but takes it lightly.

HAMILTONand. BURR July 11, 1804 Alexander Hamilton & Aaron Burr duel - illegally -in Weehawken, New Jersey. Hamilton is killed. http: //www. eyewitnesstohistory. com/duel. htm

JUDICARY ACT OF 1801 v Adams’ last legislative act increases number of Federal judges. (New Presidents took office in March) v Wants to make sure Federalist policy continues in Courts. v Appoints 16 “Midnight Judges” on last day of office, but letters of appointment not delivered. v Jefferson tells Madison, his Secretary of State – forget it! v William Marbury challenges Madison in Supreme Court to demand he be installed as a Federal Judge. all

MARBURY vs. MADISON DECISON v Among the important Supreme Court Decisions Establishes concept of Judicial Review v Chief Justice John Marshall, a Federalist, ruled the original Judiciary Act of 1789, unconstitutional. . . v …no part of Constitution that orders Supreme Court to force a President to appoint a particular judge.

MARBURY vs. MADISON DECISON v Chief Justice Marshall’s BIG PROBLEM was… Order Jefferson to appoint - Jefferson Ignores him - Supreme Court’s authority gets weakened Deny Marbury’s claim to the judge’s bench and - Court appears afraid of the new president v Blames the Constitution – No Authority in Case

FEDERALISTS’ POWER DECLINES v In all aspects of Government the new ideology won v Government now less involved w/business and industry. - Businessmen less influential - More Republicans in government v Common people supported Jefferson. v National expansion favored Republicans v Farmers moved to new territories. v Courts became more balanced with Republican judges.

JEFFERSON’S IDEOLOGY v v Governments that “…govern least govern best. ” Jefferson - Cuts government expense - Stops expansion of navy - Eliminates taxes – ending importance of banks - Drops tariffs - favors free trade Answered White House door, in his pajamas!

LOUISIANA PURCHASE v 1803 – Spain returns Louisiana territory to France v Jefferson fears French influence in middle of America - May force an alliance with hated British - No more access to Mississippi for farmers - Expansion plans for America endangered v Offers to buy west Fl & New Orleans…meantime v Napoleon loses Haiti & needs money for war vs. English v Sells whole territory for $15 Million

LOUISIANA PURCHASE v Doubles size of the US – Jefferson questions constitutionality! v Explored for 2 years by Meriwether Lewis (Jefferson’s personal secretary) & William Clark, army officer respected by Lewis. v Undaunted Courage, by Stephen Ambrose documents journey v Scientific exploration as much as it was a survey. v Jefferson sought publication of journal by Lewis repeatedly v Lewis commits suicide at an inn, on the way to Washington

JEFFERSON RE-ELECTED v Louisiana Purchase helps Jefferson’s popularity – wins another 4 years. v British-French War causes more problems – more impressment of US ships by both nations Chesapeake Incident – British fire on US ship & kill Americans v Jefferson sponsors the Embargo Act of 1807 to punish Europe. Bad idea – ruined US farm exports & hurt economy v War Hawks – John C. Calhoun & Henry Clay demand a declaration of war on England

1808 - MADISON WINS PRESIDENCY v v v Rides on ‘coattails’ of Jefferson Federalists effectively dead as a party Asks Congress to declare War of 1812 on England. Fought largely on the Great Lakes - Commodore Perry 2 other battles: - Washington & White House burned by British – US lost - New Orleans – Andrew Jackson leads US victory (Happens after the war is over!) Treaty of Ghent ends the war

CAUSES & RESULTS OF WAR OF 1812 Causes v v v Impressment of US shipping by British Arming of Native Americans by British Canadians Pressure on Government by congressional War Hawks Results v v Gradual re-opening of Commercial trade with England Limits number of warships on Great Lakes Sets up US-Canadian Border at 49 th Parallel to Rockies Confirmed US independence – Strengthens nationalism