A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer Invited Talk Grid on the Go Workshop NCSA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL May 21, 2001

The Emerging Planetary Scale Grid • Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime • Broadband to the Home and Small Businesses • Vast Increase in Internet End Points – Embedded Processors – Sensors and Actuators – Information Appliances • Highly Parallel Light Waves Through Fiber • Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer – Storage of Data Everywhere – Scalable Computing Power

The Next Wave of the Internet Will Extend IP Throughout the Physical World This is the Research Context for the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Materials and Devices Team, UCSD

UC San Diego and UC Irvine California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology • 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers • Layered Structure – – – Materials and Devices Networked Infrastructure Interfaces and Software Strategic Applications Policy • New Funding Model (4 Years) – – – State $100 M Industry $140 M Private $30 M Campus $30 M Federal $100 -200 M Total $400 -500 M • One of Four Awarded

The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure • Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure – – – Bottom Up Completely Decentralized Self-Assembling Use at Your Own Risk Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment • Examples – – – NSFnet Internet NCSA Mosaic Web Napster Peer-to-Peer Storage SETI@home Peer-to-Peer Computing IEEE 802. 11 Broadband Wireless Internet

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today • Create Wireless Internet “Watering Holes” – Ad Hoc IEEE 802. 11 Domains – Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps – Security and Authentication can be Added – But, it is Shared and Local – Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools? – Mobile. Star--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major Hotels, Restaurants, … – UCSD—Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops…

The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network • Cal-(IT)2 Will Build on This Pioneering Experiment • Add New Science Sensor Arrays • Instrument Civil Infrastructure • Try Out New Wireless Technologies • Data Analysis NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45 mbps Duplex Backbone • Outreach and Education

Roadmap to 3 rd Generation Wireless (3 G) • Huge Capital Investments Already Made (Particularly in Europe) • More Investments Required for Spectrum • Differential Roll-Out Around the World

High Data Rate (HDR) A 2. 5 G Bridge to the Future • Qualcomm’s High Data Rate (HDR) – Peak is 2. 4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream – Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down – Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data – Can Share Existing CDMA Deployed Infrastructure – Can be Installed in Current Cell Phones, Laptops, etc. • CDMA 2000, High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Spec. – Telecommunications Industry Assoc. Spec. TIA/EIA/IS-856 – Also known as 1 x. EV – Based on HDR • UCSD/Cal. IT 2 Has HDR Antennas Deployed & Working – Testbed for Wide Area Broadband Wireless – Use as WAN to 802. 11 LAN

HDR Provides an Early View of Broadband Wireless Internet

New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development • Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) – Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets – Middleware Between – the Application and the Chip System Source Code – Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) – Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently, – Supports Integration of Java™ Applications – Different Model of Security from JAVA www. qualcomm. com/brew/

Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3 G Proceed as Planned? • The Economics of Telecom – The Huge Debt Load – The Investment in 3 G Buildout – Is There a Business Case to Recoup? • Technological Breakouts – IEEE 802. 11 Buildout – Will It Skim the Cream off 3 G? – 2. 5 G Can Deploy Now (Sprint PCS) – Will 3 G Standardize in Europe, Asia, US?

Wireless Technologies Are a Strong Academic Research Discipline Center for Wireless Communications Two Dozen ECE and CSE Faculty LOW-POWERED CIRCUITRY RF Mixed A/D ASIC Materials ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION COMMUNICATION THEORY COMMUNICATION NETWORKS MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS Architecture Changing Modulation Media Access Smart Antennas Environment Channel Coding Scheduling Adaptive Arrays Protocols Multiple Access End-to-End Qo. S Multi-Resolution Compression Hand-Off Source: UCSD CWC

Creating Tiny and Inexpensive Wireless Internet Sensors Combining… Fluids Stresses and Strains 0. 1 mm Optics and Lasers UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility

Integrating MEMS Sensors With Computing, Storage, & Communication Wireless RTOS Applications sensors Reconf. Logic Processors Memory Protocol Processors Protocol Stacks Network Transport Data Link Physical RF Protocols SW/HW/Sensor/RF Co-design Reconfiguration DSP So. C Design Methodologies SW/Silicon/MEMS Implementation Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Internet

As Our Bodies Move On-Line Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge • New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill – Battery, Light, & Video Camera – Images Stored on Hip Device • Next Step—Putting You On-Line! – Wireless Internet Transmission – Key Metabolic and Physical Variables – Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars www. givenimaging. com www. bodymedia. com • Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine – Combine – Genetic Code – Body Data Flow – Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

Wireless Sensors Will Allow Instrumentation of Critical Civil Infrastructure New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links Cal-(IT)2 Will Develop and Install Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management Control Rooms Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with Bio. Med, Physics, & IT 500 x Magnification Nanogen Micro. Array 2 mm VCSELaser 400 x Magnification IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper Human Rhinovirus 5 nanometers Requires New Clean Room Facilities

Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics Near-field coupling between pixels in Form-birefringent CGH (FBCGH) FBCGH possesses dual-functionality such as focusing and beam steering 0. 8 0. 6 1. 0 Reflectivity 1. 0 TM 0 th order efficiency VCSEL + Near-field polarizer : Efficient polarization control, mode stabilization, and heat management Near-field coupling 0. 4 RCWA Transparency Theory 0. 65 0. 70 0. 75 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0 0. 2 0. 60 TE TM 0. 8 1. 3 0. 80 Thickness (mm) Micro polarizer 1. 5 1. 7 1. 9 2. 1 Wavelength mm) ( 2. 3 2. 5 VCSEL Information I/O through surface wave, guided wave, and optical fiber from near-field edge and surface coupling FBCGH Grating coupler Fiber tip Near-field E-O coupler +V TM Efficiency 1. 0 0. 8 -V Near-field E-O Modulator + micro-cavity 0. 6 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0 20 30 Angle (degree) 40 Composite nonlinear, E-O, and artificial dielectric materials control and enhance near-field coupling Source: Shaya Fainman, UCSD Near-field E-O modulator controls optical properties and near-field micro -cavity enhances the effect

Why the Grid is the Future Scientific American, January 2001

The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”— Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software • Commodity Internet, Internet 2 • CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN 2, Dig. Cal. • PACI Distributed Terascale Facility Wireless WAN SDSC • High-speed optical core CS Eng. / Cal-(IT)2 Hosp Med Chem • Wireless LANs SIO ½ Mile Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

Near Term Goal: Build an International Lambda Grid • Establish PACI High Performance Network – SDSC to NCSA Lambda. Net for DTF • Link to: – State Dark Fiber – Metropolitan Optical Switched Networks – Campus Optical Grids – International Optical Research Networks • NSF Fund Missing Dark Fiber Links For: – Scientific Applications – Network Research

Optically Linked High Resolution Data Analysis and Crisis Management Facilities • Large-Scale Immersive Displays SDSC – Panoram Technology SIO • Fiber Links Between SIO, SDSC, SDSU – Cox Communication • Optical Switching – Tera. Burst Networks • Driven by Data-Intensive Applications – Seismic and Civil Infrastructure – Water Environmental System • Integrate Access Grid for Collaboration

Attack of the Killer Micros From Vector SMPs to Intel Clusters Cray X-MP IBM SP TMC CM-5 RISC Processors Time PC Clusters Intel Processors ASCI Red Linux Clusters

Peer-to-Peer Computing and Storage Is a Transformational Technology The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing signifies a revolution in connectivity that will be as profound to the Internet of future as Mosaic was to the Web of the past. ” –Patrick Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.

Grid Computing (Condor) For Quantum Monte Carlo Materials Codes Input Output Condor Clone 1 Clone 2 . . . Clone M • Pool of Workstations: Condor Carries Out the Management, Distribution, Monitoring and Checkpointing • Very Coarse-Grain Parallelism: Parameter Scans, Independent Searches, Monte Carlo • Each Clone: Independent Random Number Streams - “Grand Averages” Evaluated at the Very End UW Pool ~ 800 Workstations Www. Cs. Wisc. Edu/condor NCSA/BI Pool ~ 40 Workstations - Capable of Providing Free 9000 SGI CPU- Hours Per Month Torelli, Mitas, Nano Team + Livny, UW Madison

Entropia’s Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop in Only Two Years The Great Mersenne Prime (2 P-1) Search (GIMPS) Found the First Million Digit Prime www. entropia. com Eight 1000 p IBM Blue Horizons Deployed in Over 80 Countries

SETI@home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers • Running on 500, 000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day – Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! – 22 Teraflops sustained 24 x 7 • Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis • Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope

Extending the Grid to Planetary Dimensions Using Distributed Computing and Storage Auto. Dock Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 20, 000 PCs Nearly 3 Million CPU-Hours Computed In Silico Drug Design Art Olson, TSRI

Monte Carlo Cellular Microphysiology From IBM Blue Horizon to the Grid • Rendered by Tom Bartol of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies & Joel Stiles of Cornell University using Pixar Photo. Realistic Render. Man PROJECT LEADERS – Francine D. Berman – UC San Diego – Terrence J. Sejnowski – Salk Institute for Biological Studies • PARTICIPANTS – Dorian Arnold Jack Dongarra Richard Wolski – University of Tennessee Neurotransmitter Activity Leading to Muscle Contraction • MCell Simulated: • The Transmission of 6, 000 Molecules of the Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (Cyan Specks) • In a Reconstructed Mouse Sternomastoid Neuromuscular Junction • Containing Acetylcholinesterase (White Spheres). www. npaci. edu/envision/v 16. 4/mcell. html – Thomas M. Bartol Lin-Wei Wu – Salk Institute for Biological Studies – Henri Casanova Mark H. Ellisman Maryann Martone – UC San Diego

The Emerging Planetary Supercomputer • Napster Meets SETI@Home – Distributed Computing and Storage • Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years – Average Speed Ten Gigaflop – Average Free Storage 100 GB • Planetary Computer Capacity – 100 Petaflop Speed – 1 Exabyte Storage • Serve as Global Compute and Storage Server for Mobile Clients