A lesson for the 8 th grade student

A lesson for the 8 th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia Mc. Mannon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 HSC 4302 Spring 2008

What will you learn? • Causes of infectious diseases – Who, What, Where? • Common infectious diseases – Bacterial – Viral • Preventing infectious diseases – Active immunity – Passive immunity Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Infectious Diseases • “Disease caused by organisms that enter the human body and multiply. ” • The history – Since the beginning of time. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

What is the cause? • Most infections are caused by pathogens. • Pathogens live on all surfaces • Can spread through many different vectors and vehicles. Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

5 Causes 1. Bacterial 2. Viral 3. Fungi Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 4. Protozoan 5. Rickettsias

The Virus vs. The Bacterial Viral • Most are harmless • Causes most respiratory illnesses • Can be cured by antibiotics • Causes the most illnesses • Causes most forms of the common cold • Cannot be cured by antibiotics Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Spreading it around • Direct Contact • Indirect Contact • Animals • Vectors • Vehicles • Inanimate Objects • Environment Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Getting Sick is Never Fun • Common Cold • Influenza • Tuberculosis • Strep Throat • Encephalitis • Meningitis • Mononucleosis Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Common Cold • What is it? – Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat) • How did I get it? – Droplets in the air – Hand-to-Hand contact – Handling Contaminated Objects Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Common Cold • What are the symptoms? – Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus. – Runny or Stuffy Nose – Sneezing – Sore Throat – Cough – Congestion – Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F) Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Common Cold • How do I treat it? – No cure – Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses – Pain Relievers – Decongestant Nasal Sprays – Cough Syrups Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Influenza (The Flu) What is it? • Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs) How did I get it? • Spread through droplets in the air Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 What are the symptoms? • High grade fever (101 F) • Chills and Sweats • Dry Cough • Headache • Body aches & weakness • Congestion

Influenza (The Flu) • How do I treat it? – Bed Rest – Plenty of fluids – Antiviral Medications may be prescribed by doctor – Get your flu shot!!! Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Tuberculosis • What is it? – Bacterial infection that affects your lungs – TB infection vs. active TB – Very dangerous! (active TB) • How did I get it? – Highly contagious (active TB) – Spread through droplets in the air Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Tuberculosis What are the symptoms • TB infection: – No symptoms – Not contagious Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 • Active TB: – Cough lasting 3 or more weeks – Pain with breathing & coughing – Slight Fever – Unexplained weight loss – Chills – Night Sweats

Tuberculosis • How do I treat it? • TB infection: – TB medication INH used for 6 -9 months • Active TB: – Several TB medications – Hospitalization Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Strep Throat • What is it? – Bacterial throat infection • How did I get it? – Streptococcal bacteria – Highly contagious – Bacteria spread through droplets in air Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 • What are the symptoms? – Sore throat – Red, swollen tonsils – Swollen, tender lymph glands (in neck) – Fever – Headache

Strep Throat • How do I treat it? – Antibiotics Chapter 28 • Treating strep is very important! HSC 4302 SPR 08

Encephalitis • What is it? – Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain – Can be life-threatening • How did I get it? – Insects – Other viruses Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Encephalitis • What are the symptoms? – Drowsiness – Seizures – Sudden Fever – Severe Headache – Nausea and Vomiting – Stiff neck Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 • How do I treat it? – Mild infections: • Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids – More severe infections: • anti-viral drugs

Meningitis • What is it? – Inflammation of the meninges – Can be viral or bacterial – Meningococcal Meningitis • How did I get it? – Spread through air droplets and direct contact with an infected person Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Meningitis • What are the symptoms? – High fever – Severe headache – Vomiting and nausea – Seizures – Confusion – Sleepiness Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Meningitis • How do I treat it? – Meningococcal Vaccine available! – Bacterial meningitis: • Immediate treatment VERY IMPORTANT • Requires IV antibiotics Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Mononucleosis • What is it? – Mono- “The Kissing Disease” – Virus • How did I get it? – Virus is transmitted through saliva Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Mononucleosis • What are the symptoms? – Weakness – Sore throat – Fever – Swollen lymph nodes & tonsils – Skin rash Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 • How do I treat it? – Bed Rest – Plenty of fluids

Lets Experiment with Each Other • WARNING: Do Not sniff, drink, or spill the liquid in your cups! • Follow instructions carefully. • Have fun! Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

How? • Active Immunity – Life long immunity – Developed over time • Ex: – Disease A: Chicken Pox – Bacteria Aa Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08 • Passive Immunity – Temporary immunity • Few months – Mother to baby

Vaccines • 3 major types – Live Virus • Made from weakened virus strain – Killed Virus • Cause body to produce antibodies – Toxoids • Destroys toxic properties Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Impact of Meningitis Vaccine Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

It’s Common Sense! • Never share your • Always wash your toothbrush hands • The “five second • Keep your house clean rule” does not exist. • If some is sick do not: • Cook food – Kiss completely – Hug • Maintain healthy diet – Be in close contact Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08

Community Resources • Alachua County Health Department 224 SE 24 th St. Gainesville, FL 32641 (352)334 -7900 • School Nurse • American Red Cross 1724 NE 2 nd St Gainesville, FL 32609 (352) 376 -4669 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR 08