A History of Games staffan. bjork@chalmers. se
But First! n Supervision today n n n Time: 13. 00 -15. 00 My Office, floor 4, House Svea Reminder n n n Deadline for assignment #1 is on Tuesday Instructions available on the course web site Remember to send an email to Erik Fagerholt if you want to attend the game jam (see the web page)
Today’s lecture n History of Games n n n Before Computer Games History of Computer Games today & tomorrow Famous Game Designers Intended takeaways n Overviews of types of games & the game industry n n Gameplay mechanics History of game mechanics Views of design from professional designers 116 Slides…
Playing is older than games n Playing done in many animal species n Training n n Passing knowledge Determining social rang First way to negate Possible between species n Communication nonverbal
First Games? - First suspect: Sport n Ritualized forms of other activities n n Running Wrestling Archery Gameplay features n Produce a measure of physical skill by competition against other person
First Games? - Second suspect: Divination n Randomizers n n Evidence n n Objects used for divination Staves found in Tutankhamen’s tomb (~1323 BC) together with gameboard Similar staves found in the royal tombs at Ur together with another gameboard Mentioned in the Rig Veda (~1500 BC) Gameplay features n Produce a random outcome within well-defined limits and clear states Source: Parlett, David, The Oxford History of Board Games, Oxford University Press, 1999
First Organized Games n Funerals n n n Religious festivals Olympic Games, 776 BC n n Gladiators Judges Truces between countries, Participants status as religious pilgrims Gladiator Games n n Celebrate battles at funeral Changed when Julius Caesar organized one in honor of his dead daughter
Dice Games n Inventors n n Lydians of Asia according to Herodotus Predecessors n n Binary Lots Astragals n n Depicted ~800 BC Gameplay features n n Provide variety of ranges for randomizers and tie results to abstract measures – numbers Meta game – betting on outcome (but equally possible from sports) n Will of the gods - not taxed!
Board Games n Origins n n traced to keeping track of player’s scores in dice games Gameplay features n n Introduced game token to maintain game state Linked series of actions to randomized values to manipulate game state
Racing games n Interpreting movement on board as physical movement n n n Ludo (from Pachisi, ~700 BC) Backgammon (from Senet & Mehen, 2650+ BC) Gameplay features n n n Introduction of the concept of a game world Introduction of several game tokens controlled by one player introduced choice Capturing other tokens meant that effects of changing one part of the game state by have additional effects – abstract events
Card Games n Background intertwined with Dominoes & Mah-Jong tiles n n Modern variants probably Persian origin Brought to Europe by Arabs 13 th century Specialized decks quite late Gameplay features n n Game systems Bipartisan Random but fixed distribution Defined Game Space
Collectable Card Games n Combines card games with idol cards n n Magic: the gathering Illuminati: new world order Pokémon Trading Card Gameplay features n n Cards have self-contained rules within a rule framework Players trade game elements n n Earlier example? Physical rarity affects value of game token Time-limited functionality of cards Dominion & Thunderstone show a “return” development of CCGs
Perfect Information Games n Removal of randomness from board games n n n Chess (referred ~600 AD) Go (from Wei-qi, 2000 BC) Gameplay features n n n 2 D game world Focus on mental skills Actions defined by tokens n n Context-dependent actions Functionally different tokens Possible to predict opponent Additional goals based on space control, space filling, connection, and collection
Side note – Perfect Information Racing Games n n No known examples of evolved variants Design Variants n n Bantu, 1955 Hare & Tortoise, 1974
Imperfect Information Games n Making part of the game state unknown to players n n Stratego Battleship Blind Chess Gameplay features n n Hidden game state Heterogeneous information availability
Skill Games n Board games where movement is determined by successful action or performance n n n n Scrabble Trivial Pursuit Pictionary “Normality Game” Balderdash (Rappakalja) Apples to Apples Gameplay features n Introduction of variety of skills – social, artistic
Kriegsspiel | Wargames n Train Prussian officers n n Developed by von Reiswitz 1812 -1824 Gameplay Features n n Need of game facilitators for gameplay to commerce Improvised rules by game facilitators
Tabletop or Miniature Games n n Origins in forms of kriegspiel Similar to board games but use graphically depicted miniatures n n n Warhammer 40 K Gameplay features n n n Continuous game world Players own game tokens they use Requires players to do extragame activities
Roleplaying Games n Expansion from miniature games n n Dungeons & Dragons, 1974 The Basic Roleplaying System GURPS Gameplay features n n Unclear winning conditions Unclear end conditions n n Game master n n n n campaigns Unequal power structure Open-ended rule set Mediates the Game World Character development Roleplaying Novel narrative structure – adventure modules D&D 3 rd edition introduced Open Gaming License and d 20 Trademark License D&D 4 th edition will include online support
Live-Action Roleplaying Games n n Arose from roleplaying games, improvisational theatre and reenactment societies Earlier similar activities n n re-enactments of battles between Osiris and Seth in ancient Egypt ‘carrousel’ games at European courts during the 17 th and 18 th centuries psychoanalytic methods in the 1920 s Gameplay features n n n Players represent their characters Players physically act out what they do in the game Extra-game activities may take a majority of time spent
Novelty Games n n Machines that provide gameplay or lets players test skills Gameplay features n n Coin-op Machine controls game flow
Pinball n n Reaction to games being banned due to being used for gambling Gameplay features n n Flippers Electro-mechanical game system
Computer Games
Spacewar! - 1962 n n n Stephen "Slug" Russell, MIT DEC PDP-1 assembler in 1962 Demonstrate the Type 30 Precision CRT Display n n n “It should demonstrate as many of the computer's resources as possible, and tax those resources to the limit; Within a consistent framework, it should be interesting, which means every run should be different; It should involve the onlooker in a pleasurable and active way -- in short, it should be a game. ”
Tennis for Two - 1958 n n William Higinbotham Demonstrate system n n Analog computer Real-time game
A. S. Douglas - 1952 n Part of Ph. D. thesis in Human-Computer Interaction n n Tic-Tac-Toe Play by dialing numbers Computer opponent Emulator n http: //www. dcs. warwic k. ac. uk/~edsac/
Ralph Baer - 1951 n n n Asked to Build the best television set in the world. Built in several prototypes between 1966 -1968 Hand controller and light gun n n Use of sensor Magnavox signed an agreement in 1971 and the first video game system got released in May 1972: Odyssey
Computer Space – 1970 Back to Spacewar n n n Nolan Bushnell decided to commercialize Spacewar Stand-alone machine Circuit board for Singleplayer version (Breakout) was developed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak…
Nolan Bushell - 1972 n Atari n n Pong n n n syzygy Arcade version, 1972 TV-console, 1975 Difficulties getting bank loans due to association with pinball and mafia
Pong vs. Pong? n In 1972, Magnavox sued Atari n n Patents on electronic games & electronic pingpong Settled out of court n n $700, 000 paid-up license Later, other companies had to pay royalties
Coin-eaters n 1974 to 1975 n n 1976 n n 57 games are released. 53 videogames by 15 companies First controversy n Death Race 2000
Vector Graphics n Space Wars, 1977 n n n Cinematronics pong clone maker Speed Freak, 1977
Coin shortage n n Taito, known for pachinko games Space Invaders, 1978
Improvements & Variants n Atari Football, Atari, 1978 n n Asteroids, Atari, 1978 n n Initials and High Score Galaxian, Namco, 1979 n n Screen down 8 -bit color Stratovox, Taito, 1980 n Speech sound
Platform Games n Pac-Man, Namco, 1981 n n Moru Iwatani Donkey Kong, Nintendo, 1981 n n Shigeru Miyamoto Introduced Mario & Donkey Kong
Game Brains & Cartridges n Fairchild n n Atari VCS n n n Fairchild VES, 1976 Simple Hardware No screen buffer Third Party Developers n n Activision, 1979 Sued by Atari
Home Computers n Commodore n n n n Sinclair n n Commodore PET, 1977 VIC 20, 1980 Commodore 64, 1982 Commodore Amiga, 1985 Amiga 500, 1987 Amiga 2000, 1987 ZX 80, 1980 ZX 81, 1981 ZX Spectrum, 1982 Etc. etc.
Crash of Arcade Games n n Transition Cycles n 6 -8 years Atari Hubris n n n E. T. games buried? Oversupply n 50+ companies Home Consoles Lack of Faith n Video games fad Exception exist n Paperboy, Atari, 1984 n Gauntlet, 1985
Games today Following is facts from The Entertainment Software Association (www. theesa. com) and Swedish Game Industry (www. dataspelsbranschen. se) Next: video games
Who is the typical gamer?
Player statistics
Video Games Next: computer games
Video Games – Top 20 Next: computer games sales
Computer Games Next: online games
Computer Games, top 20 Next: who plays?
Top 10 Industry Facts (from 2009) (according to the entertainment software association) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. S. computer and video game software sales grew 22. 9 percent in 2008 to $11. 7 billion – more than quadrupling industry software sales since 1996. (triple in 2008) 68% of American households play computer or video games. (65% in 2008) The average game player is 35 years old and has been playing games for 12 years. (no change) The average of the most frequent game purchaser is 39 years old. (40 in 2008) 40% of all game players are women. In fact, women over the age of 18 represent a significantly greater portion of the game-playing population (34 ) than boys age 17 or younger (18%) (33% in 2008). In 2009, 25% of Americans over the age of 50 played video games, an increase from 9% in 1999. (26% in 2008 but still 9%!) 37% of heads of households play games on a wireless device, such as a cell phone or PDA, up from 20% in 2002. (36% in 2008 but still 20%) 85% of all games sold in 2007 were rated "E" for Everyone, "T" for Teen, or "E 10+" for Everyone 10+. (84% in 2008) 92% of game players under the age of 18 report that their parents are present when they purchase or rent games. (92% in 2008) 63% of parents believe games are a positive part of their children’s lives. (no change)
Contemporary computer and video game genres
Platform Games n n n Zelda Series Mario Series Both examples of franchises Usually given as examples of good learnability Navigation essential gameplay part
Strategy n Sprung from board games n n Civilization, 1990 n n n Civilization IV, 2006 Victoria, 2003 Real-time Strategy n n n Traditional Strategy Dune 2, 1992 Age of Empires, 1997 Resource management essential gameplay part
First-Person Shooters n n First person perspective in 3 D environments id Software n n n Valve Software n n Halo, 2001 Often most criticized n n Half-Life, 1998 (+ Counter-Strike) Bungie n n Wolfenstein 3 D, 1992 Doom, 1993 Quake, 1996 Themes sprung from roleplaying games… Graphical violence (Columbine) Navigation and shooting essential gameplay part
FPS online n FPS usually support deathmatch modes n Examples of games dedicated to online play n n Team Fortress Classic, 1999 Counter-Strike, 1999 Battlefield 1942, 2002 Gameplay as for FPS, plus team work and sometimes specialized roles
Massively Multiplayer Online Games n Typically based upon role-playing games n n n Ultima Online, Origin Systems, 1997 Everquest, Sony, 2000 Puzzle Pirates, Three Rings, 2001 Sims Online, Maxis, 2003 World of Warcraft, Blizzard Entertainment, 2004 Gameplay typical team work and character development but extra-game aspects as socializing also important
Sport Games n Annual version n FIFA 200 X, Electronic Arts, 200 X-1 Madden NFL 200 X, EA Sports, 200 X-1 Tiger Woods PGA Tour, 200 X-1 n Tightly tied to real-world statistics n Volunteers collect n Knowledge of real world domain important aspect of game
Racing n Grand Theft Auto 3, Rockstar Games, 2001 n Midtown Madness 3, Digital Illusions, 2003 n Navigation essential gameplay part
Handheld Games n Platforms n n n Game’n’Watch, 1980 Gameboy, 1989 Gameboy Advance, 2001? N-Gage, 2003 Gameboy DS, 2005 PSP, 2005
Pervasive Games
Famous Game Designers 57
Recommended Reading n The course book! n Costikyan, G. I have no words and I must Design, Interactive Fantasy magazine, 1994. Crawford, C. The Art of Computer Game Design, 1992. Crawford, C. The Art of Interactive Design, 2002. Crawford, C. Chris Crawford on Game Design, 2003. Dear, William C. The Dungeon Master: The Disappearance of James Dallas Egbert III, 1984. Demaria, R. & Wilson, J. L. High Score! The Illustrated History of Electronic Games, 2002. King, B. & Borland, J. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic, 2003. Koster, R. A theory of fun, 2004. Kushner, D. Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture, Random House, 2004. Le. Blanc M. Online presentations of Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics model Schuessler, N. & Jackson, S. Game Design – Volume 1: Theory and Practice, 2005 (1981) Valve. Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar, 2004. n n n 58/58
Famous Game Designers 59
What game designer have you heard about?
What backgrounds do game designer have?
Will Wright n n n n Maxis, Inc. Raid on Bungling Bay, 1984 Sim. City, 1989 Sim. Ant, 1991 The Sims, 2000 The Sims Online, 2002 Sim. City 4, 2003 The Sims 2, 2004 62/58
Will Wright on Design n n Making dynamic models “put the player in the design role” “large solution space” -> “much stronger feeling of empathy” Creates “interactive toys” 63/58
Shigeru Miyamoto n n n n Donkey Kong, 1981 Super Mario Bros. , 1985 Super Mario 64, 1996 The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, 1998 The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, 2000 Pikmin, 2001 Super Mario Sunshine, 2002 64/58
Shigeru Miyamoto on Design n n "A delayed game is eventually good, a bad game is bad forever“ Inspiration from childhood memories n n Exploring wilderness and caves (Zelda) Attacked by dog on chain (Chain Chomp) 65/58
Sid Meier n n n n Solo Fight, 1984 Sid Meier’s Pirates!, 1987 Railroad Tycoon, 1990 Civilization, 1991 Colonization, 1994 Sid Meier’s Gettyburg!, 1997 Sid Meier’s Alpha Centauri, 1999 Civilization IV, 2005 66/58
Sid Meier on Design n n “be able to play the game and understand it as quickly as possible” “If a player feels there is something they would like to do that the game is not letting them do then that is a failure of the game” “a series of interesting choices” most acclaimed games were inspired by board games designed by Francis Tresham vf n 1829 (Railroad Tycoon) n Civilization (Civilization) n Spanish Main (Pirates!) maybe “one more turn” 67/58
Chris Crawford n n n Eastern Front (1941), 1981 Balance of Power, 1985 Balance of the Planet, 1990 Storytron (Erasmatron), 1992 -2006? Suggested Reading n n n Crawford, C. The Art of Computer Game 1992. Crawford, C. The Art of Interactive 2002. Crawford, C. Chris Crawford on Game Design, 2003. Design, 68/58
Chris Crawford on Design n n n n “It’s easier to learn from turkeys than from masterworks” “Accept full moral responsibility for the games you design” “Always delete clever ideas that don’t add to the design” “The logic of the game dominates; pick a topic to fit it” “Lose the storyboards” “Conceptualize your design in terms of its challenge, not its topic” “Keep the player on the razor edge of failure, but don’t let him fall” “Those who would build the future must understand the past” 69/58
Peter Molyneux n n n n n Populous, 1989 Powermonger, 1990 Theme Park, 1994 Magic Carpet, 1994 Syndicate, 1993 Dungeon Keeper, 1997 Black & White, 2001 Fable, 2004 The Movies, 2005 Black & White 2, 2005 70/58
Peter Molyneux on Design n n n “interfaces are paramount” “designing a game in not thinking up a storyline but about what the player does and sees while playing your idea. ” “Next time we will do it right” “There’s no democracy in game design, just inspiration” n “Idea has to come from one person” “Focus on elements that cannot be seen elsewhere” n “Make it like [game X] but better does not work” “writing design documents is stupid” n But Fable II’s design document weighs in at 1, 000 pages 71/58
Gary Gygax n Dungeons & Dragons, 1974 Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, 1977 Mythus, 1992 Lejandary Adventures, 1999 n Suggested Reading n n Dear, William C. The Dungeon Master: The Disappearance of James Dallas Egbert III 72/58
Gary Gygax on Design n On Games n n “interesting diversion from everyday life” “chance to excel” “… and if you're playing in good company you don't even mind if you lose because you had the enjoyment of the company during the course of the game” On Dungeons & Dragons n n Variation on medieval small battles because the guys got tired playing the original “Even when you're playing miniatures, still some role-playing aspect” there's 73/58
Hideo Kojima n n n n Metal Gear, 1987 Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, 1990 Metal Gear Solid, 1998 Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, 2001 Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, 2004 Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, 2008 Among others. . .
Warren Robinett n Adventure, 1978 n n Part was spun-off as superman game… First Easter Egg 75/58
Roberta Williams n n n King’s Quest I, 1984 King’s Quest II, 1985 King’s Quest: Mask of Eternity, 1998 76/58
Janet Jensen n Gabriel Knight Series n n n Sins of the Fathers, 1993 The Beast Within, 1999 Blood of the Sacred, Blood of the Damned, 1999 77/58
Steve Jackson n n n Ogre, 1977 Car Wars, 1981 Illuminati, 1983 Toon, 1984 GURPS, 1986 Illuminati: New World Order, 1997 Suggested Reading n Schuessler, N. & Jackson, S. Game Design – Volume 1: Theory and Practice, 2005 (1981) 78/58
![Steve Jackson on Design n n “the more factors are explicit […] the less](https://present5.com/presentation/ab8dab2fa25b272ba37d5ea040203e54/image-79.jpg "Steve Jackson on Design n n “the more factors are explicit […] the less")
Steve Jackson on Design n n “the more factors are explicit […] the less playable [the game] will become” “Don’t just proofread – PLAY” “There is no excuse for failure to playtest a design thoroughly before putting it on the market; it indicates either gross ignorance, total egotism, or an absolute lack of interest in giving the gamer his money’s worth. ” After playtesting, do blindtest, “new playtesters are exposed to the game without the benefit of advice from the designer or other experienced players. ” After blindtesting, do proof playtesting, “an extra stage of blindtesting and another round of designer playtesting … using only “proof copies” of the finished rules, maps, and charts. ” 79/58
Richard Garriott n n n Ultima I: The First Age of Darkness, 1981 Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress, 1982 Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar, 1985 Autoduel, 1985 Ogre, 1986 Ultima VIII: Pagan, 1994 Ultima Online, 1997 City of Heroes, 2004 City of Villians, 2005 Tabula Rasa, 2007 Suggested Reading n King, B. & Borland, J. Dungeons and Dreamers: The Rise of Computer Game Culture from Geek to Chic 80/58
Raph Koster n Legend. MUD Ultima Online, 1997 Star Wars Galaxies, 2003 Ever. Quest II, 2004 n Suggested Reading n n Koster, R. A Theory of Fun for Game Design, 2004. 81/58
Raph Koster on Design n n Fun is "the act of mastering a problem mentally” Games are teaching patterns Create a flow experience About UO n “players don't care about what you wanted there, about what the dreams were - they only care about what they have in front of them, and then they proceed to do things you never imagined” About SWG n “launched too early from a game design point of view” n “most systems in there were first-pass at best” n “A large chunk of the blame lies with me, for being overambitious with the design” 82/58
Greg Costikyan n n n Toon, 1984 Paranoia, 1984 Star Wars: The roleplaying game, 1987 Paranoia XP, 2004 Suggested Reading Costikyan, G. I have no words and I must Design, Interactive Fantasy magazine, 1994. 83/58
Grey Costikyan on Design n n “Games GROW through innovation. Innovation creates new game styles […] but it’s over now. ” “Achieving a goal is meaningless if it comes without work, if there is no opposition” “Whenever multiple players are involved, games are strengthened if they permit, and encourage, diplomacy” “How can you tell a good game from a bad one? The test is still in the playing” 84/58
Ken Rolston n n n n Paranoia, 1984 The Lost Island of Castanamir (D&D), 1984 River of Cradles (Runequest), 1992 Paranoia, 5 th ed. , 1995 Something Rotten in Kislev (WFRP), 1999 Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, 2002 Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, 2006 About retiring n n “… and play stupid paper-and-pencil RPGs” joined Big Huge Games to do a new RPG 85/58
John Carmack n n n Commander Keen, 1990 Wolfenstein 3 D, 1992 Doom, 1993 Quake, 1996 Doom 3, 2005 Suggested Reading n Kushner, D. Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture, Random House 86/58
John Romero n n n Scout Search, 1984 Commander Keen, 1990 Wolfenstein 3 D, 1992 Doom, 1993 Heretic, 1994 He. Xen, 1995 Quake, 1996 Daikatana, 2000 Hyperspace Delivery Boy, 2001 Area 51, 2005 Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows, 2005 87/58
John Romero on Design n “We developed our games in a pretty non -disciplined and non-organized way because so much of it was R&D” 88/58
Warren Spector n n n Toon, 1984 Car Wars, Ogre, Illuminati AD&D, DM’s guide, 2 nd ed. , 1989 GURPs, 3 rd ed. 1992 Send in the Clones (Paranoia), 1985 Underword: The Stygian Abuss, 1991 Ultima VII, Part 2, Serpent Isle, 1993 System Shock, 1994 Thief: The Dark Project, 1999 Deus Ex, 2000 Epic Mickey, 2010 89/58
Warren Spector on Design n n n “Learn to program” and “get as broad-based an education as you can” “Become an effective communicator” “Make games” “giving players power to make choices enhanced the gameplay experience” “attaching consequences to those choices made the experience even more powerful” n Gargoyle episode Sequals & Adaptations: Get used to it! n Safe bets n Free marketing n Fan buy-in n “cool sandboxes to play in” 90/58
Sandy Petersen n n n n Call of Cthulhu, 1981 Runequest, 3 rd ed. , 1985 Ghostbusters: A Frightfully Cheerful Roleplaying Game, 1986 DOOM, 1993 Quake, 1996 Age of Empires: The Age of Kings, 1999 Call of Cthulhu, 2004 Worked on n n Civilization Sid Meier’s Pirates! 91/58
Sandy Petersen on Design n “Be familiar with all types of games, not just computer games” 92/58
Frederick Raynal n Alone in the Dark, 1992 n n Infogrames took over creative control Added Cthulhu mythos Little Big Adventure, 1995 Little Big Adventure 2, 1997 93/58
Gabe Newell & Mike Harrington n n Half-Life, 1998 Half-Life 2, 2004 Suggested Reading Valve. Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar 94/58
Mihn Le & Jess Cliffe n n Counter-Strike, 1999 Counter-Strike: source, 2004 95/58
Jane Mc. Gonigal n n n I Love Bees, 2004 Cruel 2 B Kind, 2006 World Without Oil, 2007 The Lost Ring, 2008 Superstruct, 2008 Top Secret Dance Off, 2008
Bill Roper n n n Warcraft: Orcs and Humans Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos Starcraft Diablo II 97/58
Bill Roper on Design n “You can’t get good at making games unless you make games” “tear apart boardgames to prototype your ideas” “most importantly, never stop playing” 98/58
Richard Garfield n n n Robo. Rally, 1994 Magic: The Gathering, 1994 The Great Dalmuti, 1995 99/58
Marc Le. Blanc n Ultima Underworld II, 1993 System Shock, 1994 Thief, 1998 n Suggested Reading n n n Online articles on Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics 100/58
Marc Le. Blanc on Design n n “Have a critical eye for games” “Learn to program” “Play lots of games” “Design the game for [millions of people], not for you” 101/58
Dr. Ray Muzyka n n n Baldur’s Gate, 1998 MDK 2, 2000 Baldur’s Gate II, 2000 Neverwinter Nights, 2002 Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, 2003 n n n Based upon the roleplaying game (d 20 version) Jade Empire, 2005 Neverwinter Nights, 2006 102/58
Dr. Ray Muzyka on Design n n “Be passionate, but self-critical” “never compromise on quality, but do realize that there is a point of diminishing returns” 103/58
Bruce C. Shelley n n n Railroad Tycoon Civilization Age of Empires 104/58
Bruce C. Shelley on Design n “Play a lot of games and analyze them” “Think in terms of entertaining a large audience, not a small one” “it is okay, even encouraged, to borrow from great games, but be different at the vision level and innovative at the gameplay level” 105/58
Starr Long n n Ultima Online Bioforge Wing Commander: Privateer Ultima Underworld 2 106/58
Starr Long on Design n n “play every game you possibly can” “then analyze them carefully” “finding inspiration from outside of games is extremely important” “if you are not having fun making your game, then your customers will not have fun playing it” 107/58
Lorne Lanning n n n Oddworld: Abe’s Oddysee Oddworld: Abe’s Exodus Oddworld: Munch’s Oddysee 108/58
Lorne Lanning on Design n “The best ideas will not come from areas that have nothing to do with games” 109/58
Scott Miller on Design n n “Learn from other games and designers, but do not copy them. ” “must invent something unique and compelling (one without the other in not enough)” 110/58
Josh Holmes n n n Def Jam Vendetta NBA Street NBA Live ’ 98, ’ 99, 2000 111/58
Josh Holmes on Design n n “Think of the consumer” “Fun first” n n n “whenever you have a choice between realism and fun, go with fun” “Always strive for balance” “Think Big” “Remember Pacing” “Play Bad Games” “Look outside of games” 112/58
Ron Gilbert n n Maniac Mansion, 1987 The Secret of Monkey Island, 1990 113/58
Swedish Game Designers n Dan Glimne n n Martin Walfisz n n n GTR Tom Söderlund n n Midtown Madness 3 (Battlefield: Modern Combat) Mikael Emtinger n n Ground Control Andreas Roman n n Drakborgen Botfighters Erik Svedäng n Blueberry Garden 114/58
Thank you!
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