59 Post-1865 Concepts Words Events Vocabulary You need to know for

59 Post-1865 Concepts/Words/Events/Vocabulary You need to know for the Graduation Test in Social Studies Part II

Temperance Movement to outlaw alcohol

18 th Amendment • Establishes Prohibition • Law against alcoholic beverages being sold or made in America • Did not work with the people but did help conserve grain for WWI • Later repealed (thrown out)

Suffrage Amendments • 15 th (1870)Provided universal male suffrage (voting). • 19 th (1920)Provided female suffrage (voting). • 24 th (1964)Bans poll tax as a requirement for voting • 26 th (1971)Set minimum voting age at 18. • • • Order of Suffrage: white males with property to white males to all males and females

Gives women the right to vote

Al Capone • Famous Chicago gangster and crime lord • Rose to power due to running illegal liquor, bootlegging, during the 1920’s Prohibition times • Soon into prostitution, drugs, gambling, arms running, racketeering, assassination • Symbolic of the rise of the Mafia in America

Henry Ford • Used mass production to build the automobile. • Changed all American industry towards mass production • Mass production is one man making a specific part of an item and not the whole item

Harlem Renaissance • Blossoming of African – American creativity and thought in Literature, research, poetry and song by African Americans • Named for Harlem, New York city in the 1920’s • Langston Hughes

Flappers • a "new breed" of young women in the 1920’s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to the new jazz music, and would not live by society’s standards

Tin Pan Alley • The Beginning of present day music industry in New York city in the early 1900’s • Irving Berlin wrote "God Bless America", "White Christmas", "Anything You Can Do", "There's No Business Like Show Business” • He was one of the most prolific American songwriters in history

Rise of Radio and Movies • • • Silent movies-no sound Talkies-have sound Radio- TV without the picture Increased communication QUICKER communication Radio Broadcasts of sports starts sports craze in America • “War of the Worlds” panics the North East • Invention of TV marks end of radio’s popularity • TV will change political environment

Great Depression. • A worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 • The Great Depression originated in the United States; historians most often use as a starting date the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday.

Causes of the Great Depression • Over production- growing too much or making too much of a product drives prices down • Over consumption- buying when one does not have the money to pay for it is very risky • Inappropriate use of Credit- see second bullet • Speculation in the Stock Market- buying stocks on credit so can not pay off when due or required • Crash of the Stock market on 1929

Stock market crash of 1929 • a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices • The most infamous stock crash happened October 29, 1929. The economy had been growing robustly for most of the so-called Roaring Twenties but a lot of it was run on credit and speculation. • On 10/29 the prosperity ended

• The Dirty Thirties or Dust Bowl was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1940. • The phenomenon was caused by severe drought coupled with decades of extensive farming without crop rotation or other techniques to prevent erosion. Dust Bowl

• popular name for a shanty town built by the homeless during the Great Depression. • They were named after the President at the time, Herbert Hoover, because he allegedly let the nation slide into depression. Hoovervilles.

• Elected after the Depression hit • Beats Hoover • Huey Long was an enemy • Court Packing Bill • Created New Deal to help relieve pressures of the Depression and save the economy • TVA • Social Security • Public works Programs • Labor relations Act • President during WWII • Yalta conference • Dies at Warm Springs, Ga. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Court Packing Bill • FDR tries to have more judges added to the Supreme Court • He knows if he gets more added, he will appoint them and he hopes that they will do as he says • Congress says “No way” because he then would have been more powerful than any other branch of government and been able to control the other branches

New Deal 1933 -1941 • President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's plan to help the country recover from the Great Depression economically and socially • Plan included starting Social Security, Work plans, WPA, Dams, Tennessee Valley Authority,

Bonus Army • Assembly of World War I veterans who protested in Washington, D. C. , in the spring and summer of 1932. • The war veterans sought immediate, cash payment of Service Certificates granted them eight years earlier for their service in WWI • They needed the money because of the Depression

Tennessee Valley Authority • Created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide jobs during the Depression • Part of FDR’s “New Deal” • Provides navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development through a dam in the Tennessee Valley

National Labor Relations Act • 1935 • Created the national labor relations board • Established worker’s rights to collective bargaining

Wagner Act • National Labor Relations Act (or Wagner Act) is a 1935 United States federal law that protects the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

Social Security Act • The Social Security Act was part of President Roosevelt's New Deal and an effort to make jobs in the Depression and help elderly people

Eleanor Roosevelt • Wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt • Advocate for civil rights for women, African-Americans, children, the poor and the ill.

Prohibit • To forbid, stop, not allow • Miss D prohibits her students from wearing hats in her classroom

A. Philip Randolph • Civil rights leader and the founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Proposed march on Washington, D. C. to protest racial discrimination in war industries and to propose the desegregation of the American Armed forces. • The march was cancelled after President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt agreed that Randolph was right and a march might disrupt weapons output and issued the Fair Employment Act

Fair Employment Act • An act signed by FDR that prohibited racial discrimination in the defense industry • The act set up the Committee on Fair Employment Practice (FEPC) that was empowered to investigate all complaints of discrimination, take appropriate steps to eliminate such discrimination, and make recommendations to Franklin D. Roosevelt concerning discrimination in war industry.

Huey Long • Governor of Louisiana in the depression period called The Kingfish • Long created the Share Our Wealth program in 1934, with the motto "Every Man a King, " proposing wealth be redistributed from the rich to the poor to curb the poverty and crime resulting from the Great Depression. • Assassinated

Adolf Hitler • Dictator of Germany who led the Axis powers against the Allies in WWII

Nazi • a member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, established a dictatorship in Germany

Fascism • a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power • Forcibly suppress opposition and criticism, • Controls all industry, commerce • Emphasizes an aggressive nationalism and often racism.

Joseph Stalin • Leader of Soviet Union during WWII • Killed at least 20 million of his people in order to make Russia communist

Totalitarian • country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of the lives of the people

Communism • a system of social organization in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian state dominated by a single political party.

Dictator • a person exercising absolute power over his government, society, economy and people • Rule by one person who tells his people how to live and what to do • Hitler • Stalin • Castro

Winston Churchill • Leader (Prime Minister) of England during WWII

WWII • A war fought from 1939 to 1945, in which Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the United States, China, and other allies defeated Germany, Italy, and Japan. War against the Axis powers of Italy, Germany, Japan

Alliances • To ally or agree or place one’s self with someone else • Countries make alliances with other countries, especially in war • Germany , Japan, and Italy allied with each other in WWII

FDR’s Neutrality Act • The USA was neutral at the beginning of WWII. • In 1939 Roosevelt got the above act passed which “decreased”our neutrality. • It allowed for arms trade with nations on a cash and carry basis

• Program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war materials and food before we actually got into WWII the lendlease program

Pacific Theatre of WWII

Atlantic Theatre of WWII

Pearl Harbor • The attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, brought the United States into World War II.

Internment • To keep someone in one place against their will

Internment of Japanese- Americans • Quite a few Japanese and not many Germans and Italian Americans were interned , against their will, during WWII, in camps in the American West

Rationing • Limiting food supplies in the USA such as was done in WWII

Role of women in WWII • Rosie the Riveter • Women takeover men’s jobs in the USA because they are at war • Women have more power and self esteem because they earn wages in WWII and are a huge help to the war effort • After the war they go back to their homes but by 1960 the Woman's movement starts and today most women work outside the home

Battle of Midway • major naval battle, widely regarded as the most important of the Pacific Campaign of World War II • Some call it the turning point of WWII in the Pacific theatre

Blitzkrieg- military advance that comes like lightening from the sky

American Difficulties in WWII • The war does cover the world and many different types of climate, geography, and time zones • Supplying troops with safe food, clothing, and medicine, communications, weapons delivery, are all difficult sometimes slow, and lead to mix-ups, friendly fire, and a million socks delivered instead of the million hats needed.

Holocaust • a great or complete devastation or destruction • the systematic mass slaughter of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps during World War II

D-Day • The first day of the first operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, also known as Operation Neptune and Operation Overlord, during World War II.

Fall of Berlin • the final major offensive of the European Theatre of World War II • Firebombed the capital of Germany. Berlin until it surrendered

Harry Truman • Became President after FDR died • Decided to use the atom bomb on Japan in order to end the war • Integrated the military • Truman doctrine • Cold war

• The Manhattan Project is an Allied project to develop the first nuclear weapons. • First bomb is created at Los Alamos laboratory • The first atomic bombings were at Hiroshima and Nagasaki • They were used to make Japan surrender and given by the order of U. S. President Harry Truman atomic bomb is pon ce ea i ar w e dev le iv its uc s A n explo rives rce an hat de tive fo r t c ea stru nucl s de om fr action re

United Nations • international organization, with headquarters in New York City, formed to promote international peace, security, and cooperation by 51 founding countries in San Francisco in 1945.

Red Scare Refers to two distinct periods of strong anti-Communism feelings in United States history: • first from 1917 to 1920, after WWI and second from the late 1940 s through the late 1950 s, after WWII. • These periods were characterized by increased suspicion of Communists and other radicals, and the fear of widespread Communists in the U. S. government.

Mc. Carthyism • a term describing the intense anticommunist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940 s to the late 1950 s. • Named after U. S. Senator Joseph Mc. Carthy who hunted for communists everywhere • "Mc. Carthyism" later took on a more general meaning, not necessarily referring to the conduct of Joseph Mc. Carthy alone.