4 4 Obligation should ought to and must

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4. 4 Obligation: should, ought to, and must 1 Should and ought to express mild obligation, suggestions, or advice. You ought to buy a new car. (the speaker’s opinion) I think you should take a holiday. Often used with I think/don’t think. Do you think I should lose weight? We often use Do you think…? in the question. 2 Must expresses strong obligation. I must pay these bills. (the speaker’s opinion) You must be more patient. It is personal. © Oxford University Press

4. 4 Obligation: should, ought to, and must 3 Must is also associated with a formal, written style. Passengers must arrive at the airport 2 hours before the flight. Seatbelts must be worn at all times. 4 Make the sentences with should, ought to, or must. 1 I/buy a new tennis racket? Should I buy a new tennis racket? Do you think I should buy a new tennis racket? 2 All visitors / exit through this door. All visitors must exit through this door. © Oxford University Press

4. 4 Obligation: should, ought to, and must 5 Have to and must are sometimes interchangeable. We must recycle more. We have to recycle more. 6 There is sometimes a difference in meaning. You really must be more careful. (feelings/wishes of the speaker) You have to register in order to vote (obligation from somewhere else) Must can sound authoritarian. Have to is used more than must. 7 Question forms with have to are more common. Do we have to fill in this form? © Oxford University Press

4. 4 Obligation: should, ought to, and must 8 Don’t have to and mustn’t are completely different. Tomorrow’s Saturday, so you don’t have to get up early. (absence of obligation) You can, but it isn’t necessary. It’s a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone. (negative obligation) It’s very important NOT to do something. 9 Complete the sentences. don’t have to 1 You _______ wear a suit to work, unless you want to. mustn’t 2 You _______ be late. We won’t wait for you. mustn’t 3 You _______ eat so much - you’re on a diet! © Oxford University Press

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