4. 3 China By: Laura Cobb, Shannon Basinski, and J. T Paul
Question 1 ► What is the world’s oldest continuous civilization?
Answer ► China claims to be world’s oldest civilization. It was first developed along the valley of the Yellow River and later in much of northern and eastern China.
Map of China one-fifth of the world’s population lives in China
Question 2 ► What is calligraphy? What do music and calligraphy have in common…?
Answer ► Calligraphy- The art of writing in different cultures. A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is “the art of giving form to signs is an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner. ” ► Music and Calligraphy have a similar evolution of rhythm.
Calligraphy
Oracle Bones, 1200 B. C Shang Dynasty, China (alternative view) Oracle bones show early pictures of what eventually became modern Chinese writing.
Question 3 ► Why were over seven thousand life size clay soldiers and horses buried in China during the Qin Dynasty?
Answer ► They were buried in vaults near the Qin emperor Xian and were intended to serve him in the afterlife as an army of imperial bodyguards.
Cavalryman and Saddle Hors, Qin dynasty, (221 -210 B. C) P. 95 This is an example of the life size soldiers created to accompany the emperor. It is considered one of the greatest archeology finds of modern times.
Question 4 ► Why was the Great Wall of China built?
Answer ► The wall was 1500 miles long, 15 to 30 feet tall and 25 feet wide. It was started in the third century BC by southern Chinese trying to keep out nomads of Mongolia and Manchuria.
Great Wall of China ( alternative view) p. 93
Question 5 ► Explain some of the conventions of Chinese Scroll paintings as found in the Instructress Writing Down Her Admonitions for the Benefit of Two Young Ladies.
Answer ► It is one section of a long horizontal scroll. This format was meant to be viewed slowly section by section. It first began as an appreciation for Confucian values and through many steps the appreciation turned into what Chinese scroll painting is today.
Ku K’ai-chih, Instructress Writing Down Her Admonitions for the benefit of Two Young Ladies This is just a small part of the first section of a long horizontal scroll. P. 97
Question 6 ► Why were so many ceramic horse sculptures created during the Tang Dynasty?
Answer ► Ceramic horses were manufactured and sold to wealthy families. They were a symbol of wealth and loyalty to the emperor.
Glazed Horse 618 – 906, China, Tang Dynasty ceramic with three-color glaze Many ceramic figures of people and horses were made for the tombs of the wealthy. P. 92
Question 7 ► During which dynasty did the Chinese landscape painting reach its high point?
Answer ► During the Song Dynasty.
Hanging Scroll (alternative view) This was created with a limited array of color. P. 93
T’ao Ch’I, copy. Peach Blossom Spring, 7 th century. Shang dynasty. P. 93
Question 8 ► What is the Forbidden City?
Answer ► The Forbidden City is the Imperial palace in Beijing. It was started in the early 15 century on the site of ancient palaces. It has been destroyed many times by fire and earthquakes, but it is always rebuilt according to its original plans.
Hall of Supreme Harmon also known as The Forbidden City, Imperial Palace, Beijing, Ming Dynasty- begun during the 15 th century (alternative view) P. 99
Lion outside the Forbidden city
Question 9 ► How did the Chinese government affect their country’s art in the middle of the twentieth century?
Answer ► During the middle of the 20 th century, art schools were shut down due to them being classified as a threat to the government. They were not reopened until the 1970 s. Then, in the 1990 s, the government, while still controlling production, finally allowed artists more freedom to express themselves in their work.
Jade Bird (alternative example)- Shang dynasty p. 94 These jade sculptures were popular as amulets or charms.
Kuang, 12 th century B. C Shang dynasty P. 94 There are three animals on this vessel: a tiger, an owl and another bird.
Feline Head with Bovine Horns and Elephant Trunk China, Shang dynasty, jade. (c. 1766 -1045 BC) 13 th-11 th Century BC- Alternate View Jade was believed to hold spiritual qualities. P. 93
Jar with cover (alternative example) late Zhou Dynasty p. 95
House Model, Eastern, Han Dynasty (25 -220 C. E. ) House records such as this provided the first records of early Chinese architecture. P. 96
Guan-Yin about 12 th century. Song dynasty p. 98
DISH mid 14 th century Yuan dynasty p. 98 Glazed porcelain
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