3 M Signing Systems Safety Solutions for the

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3 M Signing Systems Safety Solutions for the FHWA Minimum Levels of Retroreflectivity Visibility & Safety for the Life of the Road Tim Gibson Senior Government Transportation Safety Specialist tgibson@mmm. com 480 -221 -5407 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Congressional Legislation 1993 DOT Appropriations Act – “The Secretary of Transportation shall revise the MUTCD to include a standard for a minimum level of retroreflectivity that must be maintained for traffic signs and pavement markings which apply to all roads open to public travel. ” 3 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems FHWA Older Driver Recommendations: Older Driver Handbook (2001) FHWA-RD-01 -103 Recommendations (2001) FHWA-RD-01 -051 § Larger Signs § Larger Letters on Signs § Brighter Signs § Incorporate Signs with Larger Observation Angle Performance § Use of Florescent Orange in Work Zone § Use of Fluorescent Yellow for “NO PASSING ZONE” Pennants (and chevrons) 7 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems USA Today October 5 th, 2000 But the study suggests that older drivers have trouble navigating the roads, which were not designed with them in mind. For many aging motorists, signs are hard to read, lanes are too narrow and left-hand turns are very difficult. Intersections are a particular problem. According to the study. . . Half of all fatal accidents involving older drivers occur at intersections, compared with about 25% for other drivers. 9 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems The Final Ruling § Section 1 A. 11 ‘Minimum Level of Retroreflectivity’ guidance document and reflectivity table. § Section 2 A. 09 Assessment or Management Method § Section 2 A. 22 Sign Maintenance Additional Info. - http: //mutcd. fhwa. dot. gov 11 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Summary – Major Impacts § § § Overhead Guide Signs (white) must be Prismatic Ground Mounted Street Name Signs (white) can not be EG (Type I) Warning Signs (Yellow &/or Orange) can not be EG (Type I) Regulatory Signs (Black on White), white ≥ 50 cd/lx/m 2 (EG initial values are 70 cd/lx/m 2, life of EG signs will be short) short Minimum Sign Contrast Ratio ≥ 3: 1 for Stop Signs (white refl. ÷ red refl. ) (A lot of older stop signs will be noncompliant due to ink fading – especially if those signs are south facing) How will you determine which of your signs fail these criteria? 13 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Ruling Section 2 A. 09 Standard: Public agencies or officials having jurisdiction shall use an assessment or management method that is designed to maintain sign retroreflectivity at or above the minimum levels in Table 2 A-3. FHWA uses the verb ‘shall’ in STANDARD statements which means ‘required’ or ‘mandatory’ 14 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Assessment/Management Methods Assessment Methods: Determine what you have • Visual Nighttime Inspections • Measured retroreflectivity Management Methods: Manage what you have • • 15 Expected Life Blanket Replacement • Control Signs © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Considerations If you have the following…… • Significant quantities of Engineer Grade (EG) Signs • Older High Intensity Beaded signs of certain t • Significant Street Name signs that are out of compliance (Letter Height Sheeting). . . you may be better off replacing without a costly assessment 21 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Ruling Section 2 A. 22 Guidance: Maintenance activities should consider proper position, cleanliness, legibility and daytime and nighttime visibility (see section 2 A. 09) Damaged or deteriorated signs should be replaced… a schedule for inspecting (both day and night), cleaning and replacing sign should be established. 29 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Compliance Date from January 22, 2008 4 years - (1/22/12) Select and begin implementing Assessment/Management Method to maintain traffic sign retroreflectivity at or above the established minimum levels 7 years - (1/22/15) Replace regulatory, warning, and post mounted guide signs that are identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels 10 years - (1/22/18) Replace overhead guide signs and street name signs that are identified using the assessment or management method as failing to meet the established minimum levels. Exclusions: (1) Parking, Standing and Stopping Signs – R 7 & R 8 Series, (2) Walking/ Hitchhiking/ Crossing signs - R 9 Series, R 10 -1 through R 10 -4 b, (3) Adopt-a-Highway Signs, (4) All signs with blue or brown backgrounds, (5) Bikeway signs that are intended for bicyclists 30 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

Total Light Return Efficiency Truncated Cube 30% Total Retroreflective Efficiency 3 M Signing Systems 36 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved. 10% to larger observation angles n Cone reflectio of Retro 20% to smaller observation angles n Cone reflectio of Retro 15% to larger observation angles 15% to smaller observation angles

3 M Signing Systems 60% Total Retroreflective Efficiency Total Light Return Efficiency Full Cube n Cone reflectio of Retro 30% to larger observation angles 30% to smaller observation angles Increasing the overall total retroreflective efficiency ensures serving the greatest segment of nighttime driver population without the need of sign illumination. 37 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems FHWA –HRT-07 -042 Report: § Using durable prismatic sheeting may be the more economic option for agencies in the long run, although initial costs may be higher. § Using higher retroreflectivity materials only increases total sign cost by 3% to 14% § Engineer Grade Sheeting can be more costly than prismatic sheeting with a longer life cycle when sign installation costs are considered (labor, hardware, administrative). § Although older drivers will particularly benefit from higher retroflectivity, all drivers will be better served by the The study can be accessed online at: improved nighttime performance. http: //www. tfhrc. gov/safety/pubs/07042. pdf 39 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Reduced Crash Rates (More visible signs resulted in crash reductions…) Crash Reduction over Time period Mendocino County, CA 46% over Sioux City, IA 30% over Putnam County, NY 25% over 6 years 3 years Savings Cost Benefit-to. Cost Ratio $12. 5 -$23. 7 million $79, 300 159: 1 – 299: 1 $4. 92 million $145 K 3395: 1 $185 K $160 K 1. 16: 1 Source: Quantifying the Safety Benefits of Traffic Control Devices – Benefit. Cost Analysis of Traffic Sign Upgrades, Douglas A. Ripley 42 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems NACE Grant Program The Purpose: To provide funding that assists local government agencies in upgrading their sign standards to meet their safety goals. § Partnership Between NACE & 3 M § NACE Members Only (www. countyengineers. org) § Material Upgrade Only (EG to Prismatic) § 3 M Sheeting Materials Required • • § § Type IV, X (High Intensity Prismatic) Type XI (Proposed) (DG 3) Grant Applies To In-house or Fabricator Supplied Signs One Grant Per Agency (Redeem within 6 months) Offered During 2008 NACE Grant Application Site: http: //nacegrant. brandspringsolutions. com 44 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems “Traditional Approach” to Sign Inventory & Replacement” § General Payment Requirements § Pay for Design/Sign Inventory/GIS § Pay for Plans/Specs/Reports § Administration Costs to Implement Contracts § Pay for Materials (3 M) § Pay for Fabrication (Fabricator) § Pay for Installation (Sign Installer) § Pay to Update Final Inventory Multiple Channels for Payment results in inefficiencies and greater overall cost to the agency 3 M “Turnkey” approach = Single Source = $ Savings 48 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution “Extension of your Staff” RMS can do the following to support you: § Sign Assessments § Develop Replacement Plan § Engineering Services § Manage the Project to Deliver New Signs - Materials, Fabrication, & Installation § Provide the Agency with a Sign Inventory - Web-based, no Software § Deliver the updated data to the Agency’s existing system (if one exists) § Provide ongoing support for future Sign Upgrade or Replacement Needs 49 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution Sign Assessments - The 3 M Sign Assessments are broken out into differing levels of service to accommodate a wider variety of needs: Silver Package Location Attributes: § GPS Location § Sign Position § Sign Location by Route/Street § Sign Orientation Sign Property Attributes: § MUTCD Sign Type § Sign Dimensions using Specs § Video Still (low resolution) § Night Viewing (Pass/Fail) Other Info: 50 § Date of Inspection § Name of Inspector © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved. Deliverables: § Web based Inventory System (minimal attributes) § Complies with Minimum Reflectivity Requirements of visual nighttime inspection § Can generate replacements based on nighttime inspection § Provides a track log for agencies Advantages: § Less expensive option ($2 - $4 / Sign) § If 3 M RMS does replacements, system can be updated w/ attributes that will transition agency to an ‘Expected Life’ Program. Disadvantages: § Does not generate enough information about the sign for an immediate transition to the ‘Expected Life’ Method

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution Sign Assessments - The 3 M Sign Assessments are broken out into differing levels of service to accommodate a wider variety of needs: Gold Package Location Attributes: § GPS Location – ↑ Accuracy § Sign Position § Sign Location by Route/Street § Sign Orientation § Sign Offset from Road Edge § Mounting Height Sign Property Attributes: § MUTCD Sign Type § Sign Dimensions using Specs § Digital Photo (high resolution) § Sign Legend § Sign Substrate § Sheeting Type § Sign Condition § Sign Structure (post type) § Post Structure Condition § Sign Age (if available) Other Info: 51 § Date of Inspection § Name of Inspector © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved. Deliverables: § Web based Inventory System (many attributes) § Complies with Minimum Reflectivity Requirements – will have all of the information to us the ‘Expected Life’ Mgmt § Can generate replacements based on Sheeting Life § Provides a track log for agencies Advantages: § Easy development of Replacement Plans (have all sign info) § Smooth transition to a “Management Method” of minimum reflectivity maintenance. Eliminates the need for annual assessments. Disadvantages: § More Expensive Option ($4 - $10 / Sign)

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution Development of Replacement Plans – Using the information captured from the 3 M Sign Assessment, RMS utilizes the web-based inventory system to develop a comprehensive replacement plan for years to come… With the information captured, we can utilize the ‘Expected Life’ management method for each sign to know when to replace… And the inventory information to know what sign goes where for an efficient installation… 52 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution Delivery of New Signs – Typical Contracts § Corridor/Project Sign Contract § 3 M RMS responsible for all signs or signs defined by series/type/style in specific area/region/corridor § Contract defined by upgrade activity § Contract ends when upgrade activity is complete Warranty provisions on materials apply § Could be financed or pay up front § Typically a “blanket” replacement or new construction installation of signs 53 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution Delivery of New Signs – Typical Contracts § Work Order/Sign Maintenance Contract § 3 M RMS under contract as extension of Agency staff • Complete “Turnkey” sign replacement service § Work orders issued for individual or groups of sign replacement activity § Bid Schedule, with variety of sign types/styles • § § Pay “per each” installed Annual contract, with option to renew (similar to supply contract) Typically two phases of each Work Order: Phase One – Assessment Phase Two – Delivery Phase Example Contracts: 54 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems 3 M RMS Signing Total Solution 3 M Inventory/Data Management System – a 3 M hosted web-based system that allows agencies to track progress of projects, as well as have a final inventory of signs when project completed. § Added Benefit § Interactive Web Site • • • “real-time” update of project status Agency Officials will track progress of sign replacement Data used to develop final inventory No special software required No IT support required, 3 M RMS manages the system http: //www. 3 mtrafficsafetynow. com/ 55 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Completed Projects How other agencies are utilizing RMS for signing work City of Gilbert, AZ – Neighborhood Sign Upgrade § Residential Sign Upgrade Installation • Current signs in older neighborhoods were 15+ year old Engineer Grade, past their service life • City forces kept up with knock-downs & standard maintenance, but completing a large-scale upgrade with limited personnel was a significant challenge 3 M RMS provided not only sign fabrication & installation, “Using 3 M sign data for seamless integration with the town’s existing GIS but for this work is a great fit for our town. It allows us to concentrate on the dayto-day maintenance of traffic signs while we contract larger-scale sign upgrade efforts system. § through 3 M Roadway Maintenance Services. 3 M does a fantastic job with the coordination and communication on the project. ” - Larry Farmer, Town of Gilbert 56 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Completed Projects How other agencies are utilizing RMS for signing work Coconino County, AZ – Street Sign Upgrade Program § § County-wide Long-Term Street Sign Upgrade Program • County addressed issues of new grid for addresses • Volume savings by utilizing a county-wide multi-year contract • Consistency with new signs & layouts • Data management & Inventory System Critical 3 M RMS provided “turn-key” solution, including “Throughout this project, 3 M consistently met the standards of workmanship to Management, Design/Assessment, Inventory, and Sign Coconino County’s satisfaction. ” “We are very pleased with the work 3 M has provided. As a result, Installation Coconino County’s contractual relationship with 3 M is ongoing and we expect 3 M to continue to perform sign installation projects for Coconino County over the next 5 years” - Dale Wegner, Coconino County Engineer 57 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved.

3 M Signing Systems Benefits Customers Value § “Brand Name” Reliability § Industry Leading Products with the highest quality installation § Commitment to Service and Quality § Level Maintenance Costs – Project Financing § Extension of Agency Staff – find the right fit for RMS § Opportunity for cost reductions/efficiencies 3 M 58 © 3 M 2007. All Rights Reserved. Roadway Maintenance Services