3 Future Time Clauses Dreams for the Future

3 Future Time Clauses Dreams for the Future Focus on Grammar 3 Part I, Unit 7 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Future Dreams 1 I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Future Dreams 2 Before we have a baby, we’ll buy a bigger house.

Future Dreams 3 I won’t quit my job until I win the lottery.

Future Dreams 4 After we retire, we’re going to travel.

Form A complex sentence about future time has two clauses: a main clause and a time clause. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Main Clause Time Clause

Main Clause The verb in the main clause is often in the future. MAIN CLAUSE TIME CLAUSE Subject Will or be + going to Verb (base form) Other information We will buy a house before we have a baby. He won’t quit his job until he wins the lottery. We are going to travel after we retire.

Time Clause The verb in the time clause is often in the present. TIME CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE Subject Verb ( present) Other information Before we have a baby Until he wins the lottery After we retire Time word we will buy a house. he won’t quit his job. we are going to travel.

Be Careful! Don’t use will or be going to in the future time clause. X When I will save enough money, I’m going to buy car. When I save enough money, I’m going to buy a a car.

Clause Order 1 Time clauses can come at the beginning or end of sentences. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Time Clause Before we have a baby, we’ll buy a bigger house. Time Clause Use a comma only when the time clause begins the sentence.

Clause Order 2 When she finishes school, she’ll join the Peace Corps. Time Clause (present) Main Clause (future) I won’t get married until I meet the right person. Main Clause (future) Time Clause (present) As soon as they graduate, they’ll look for a job. Time Clause (present) Main Clause (future)

Time Expressions 1 when after not. . . until as soon as Introduce the first event When they save money, they’ll buy a new car. now past future

Practice 1 Put the verbs in the correct tense. Add commas where necessary. Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school. After he graduates, he’ll go to law school. 1. They (own) __ a house by the time they (be) ___ married. They will own a house by the time they are married. 2. She (not/start) __ her own business until she (get) ___ more experience. She won’t start her own business until she gets more experience. 3. As soon as he (become) __ manager he (take) __ a vacation. As soon as he becomes manager, he’s going to take a vacation.

Time Expressions 2 before until by the time Introduce the second event Before he gets married, he’ll find a good job. now past future

Practice 2 Combine the sentences using the time word provided. In each pair, A is the first event. Example: A. The children will go to college. B. She will go back to school. [as soon as] As soon as the children go to college, she’ll go back to school. 1. A. You will finish your exams. B. We will (not) celebrate. [until] We won’t celebrate until you finish your exams. 2. A. My brother will buy a new suit. B. He will go on an interview. [before] My brother will buy a new suit before he goes on an interview. 3. A. She will pass the driving test. B. She will borrow the family car. [after] After she passes the driving test, she will borrow the family car.

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