3 D Printing Showcase : University of Melbourne : 7 November 2013 Social Impacts of 3 D Printing Marcus Wigan Adjunct Professor, Faculty of ICT, Swinburne University of Technology www. mwigan. c
3 D Printing: Why is it a social issue? • User driven takeup • Rep. Rap*, Maker and Object Hacking Communities • Open Source Hardware • Open Source Software • Open Source Customisable Objects All these are user driven, user supported and have thriving global social communities already • Industry is also seeing a movement to economic short run mass customised distributed manufacturing The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13 • Intangibles are already 80% of value of major firms. . . * Rep. Rap: 3 D printers capable of printing the parts to replicate themselves
Education is the first run killer app. . • Schools are a prime target. . Engineering manpower! • The integration of software (Mathematica, Google Sketchup, Mat. Lab etc ) stimulated at an early stage • Mechatronics framed as fun • Many similarities to the 1980 era of microcomputers - Which were also driven by cross disciplinary social networks • Jewellery and Food are already early adopters • Art follows closely behind – Objects ‘impossible’ to make can be visualised and then created. . The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13
r Fashion Art ; the Impossible Realized ; or your own item scanned. . . the Impossible Realized Fashion Art The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13 or your own item scanned. . .
Context • Near universal computer access at all ages • Cost effectiveness is already here at a household level • Dematerialisation trends are still accellerating • Global communications are now established expectation • Disintermediation is a key disruptive aspect - affecting retail, distribution, delivery, spares. . - and branding The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13
User driven Retail Trade Disruption • The ‘Aussie Tax’ is now widely resented • Global communications demand global simultaneity of access • Disruption of music, software, media, differential geopricing models now well advanced on the net • Open Source software now widely trusted and competitive – and a global, responsive community • Open Objects are the next in line. . • Mass customisation is increasingly possible – and will be demanded The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13 • Business models that rely on expensive and limited stock spares are already under threat
The Thingi. Verse Open Object Repository Thingiverse is a universe of things. Download our files and build them with your laser cutter, 3 D printer, or CNC. The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13
Business models dependent on IP constraints are the next to come under social pressure • 3 D scanning now affordable for average consumers • 3 D printers already available starting at $200 -500 • Object modification not covered by current IP controls • The questionable behaviour of the entertainment industries have severely degraded the credibility of IP • High priced stocks of small plastic items often requiring a complete assembly to be bought- at risk • Small current 3 D printers are already showing excellent rates of return in domestic environments The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13 B. T. Wittbrodta, A. G. Glovera, J. Lauretoa, G. C. Anzaloneb, D. Oppligerc, J. L. Irwind, J. M. Pearce (2013) Life-cycle economic analysis of distributed manufacturing with open-source 3 -D printers, Mechatronics Volume 23, Issue 6, September Pages 713– 726
“What they found was a stark contrast between buying complete goods and making them at home: It would cost a consumer from $312 to $1944 to purchase the 20 items online compared to $18 to print them over the course of a weekend” The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13
Social Aspects • The global communities are already developed - Thingiverse : a key first mover for Object access • Home use is already moving into schools - many school kids have already built Rep. Raps • The software barriers are falling fast • A shift to making consumer items at home is co ming The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13
Broader Social Issues • The logistics aspects of manufacture and distribution - every home and business is now a travel free potential delivery point for physical objects • Sustainability aspects of both manufacture, assembly, distribution and delivery should all place a solid momentum behind government interest in even the early stages of 3 D printing takeup • The shift to a substantial fraction of manufacturing to utilise 3 D printing (50% of GEs production within 7 years) emphasises the types of jobs that will grow The Social Impacts of 3 D Printing University of Melbourne 7 -11 -13 • Social impacts will be increasingly felt in employment, distribution and retail.
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