21 st century global challenges Roser de Antonio

21 st century global challenges Roser de Antonio García

21 st century global challenges What does “CHALLENGE” mean? A “CHALLENGE” is … something new that requires a lot of effort in order to be done successfully. Why “GLOBAL CHALLENGES”? “GLOBAL” means “involving to the whole world”, our world, planet Earth Today there are many problems in the world. Finding a solution to these problems is our responsability… …OUR CHALLENGE

21 st century Let’s have a look… global challenges The 20 th century has been the greatest century of human progress in History

21 st century global challenges progress in health care antibiotics vaccines surgery We often go to the doctor radiology

21 st century global challenges progress in health care We know the importance of healthy food We know the importance of hygiene

21 st century global challenges progress in health care Do you remember? In the 18 th and 19 th centuries. . . More food + More hygiene = More health Today. . . Much BETTER food + MUCH more hygiene + MUCH MORE HEALTH ! MEDICAL ADVANCES =

21 st century global challenges economic progress Today most people have… heating a bathroom comfortable homes electricity warm clothes running water

21 st century global challenges economic progress. . . and many more things! This is the consumer society

21 st century Do you remember? the global community The consumer society Before the Industrial Revolution goods were made in small workshops or at home. There were very few goods… and they were expensive. In the Industrial Revolution goods began to be made in factories. Products began to be available in bigger quantities… and they were cheaper. And today?

21 st century global challenges The consumer society People buy goods… Do we live in a consumer society? … in excess of their basic needs.

21 st century global challenges The consumer society: ecological consequences Many factories work to supply our demands 1 st consequence: AIR AND WATER POLLUTION Is it healthy for life and nature?

21 st century global challenges The consumer society: ecological consequences Rubbish containers on the 7 th January This is the result of just 3 meals at 3 different fast food restaurants 2 nd consequence: RUBBISH Is it healthy for life and nature?

21 st century global challenges The consumer society: ecological consequences We consume lots of energy 3 rd consequence: Our resources are running low Fuel Could you live without electricity? Gas Electricity

21 st century global challenges Do all the people in the world live in the same way? This city is in a developed country This is the largest town in one of the least developed countries in the world

21 st century global challenges Do all the people in the world live in the same way? A country is a developed one if its inhabitants have great opportunities for. . . income education health care Do we live in a developed country? employment

21 st century global challenges Who says if a country is a developed one or not? The United Nations (UN) is an international organitzation created to facilitate cooperation between countries. It was founded in 1945, after World War II, to stop wars between countries

21 st century global challenges Who says if a country is a developed one or not? The UN divides countries into three groups: - developed (or industrialized) countries - developing countries - least developed countries Let’s find the answers out! Does the UN consider Spain a developed country? How many countries are considered to be the least developed? Are most countries developed?

21 st century global challenges How does the UN know if a country is or not developed? They have statistics about education, nutrition, health. . . For example. . .

21 st century global challenges Why some countries are not developed? The least developed countries in the world are poor Their governments don’t have enough money to pay for sanitation or education But, why are they poor?

21 st century global challenges Why some countries are poor? People are poor because they don’t work hard enough. I work very hard and I have a house and a swimming pool. We work very hard, but we only earn 30 euros per month Do you agree? We want to work, but there is no job for us. I work very hard growing my crop

21 st century global challenges There are some reasons. . . War Governments have to pay a lot of money when they are fighting. Weapons are expensive. “We live in an old factory destroyed by bombs” Chach, 68 years old, Kabul, Afghanistan People lose their crops, their families and their homes. That makes people poor

21 st century global challenges There are some reasons. . . Natural disasters Earthquakes, hurricanes, drought. . . , all cause poverty. People lose theirs crops, their animals, their homes, their family. . . Effects of a hurricane in Haiti, September 2008 Effects of the drought in Ethiopia, October 2006

21 st century global challenges There are some reasons. . . Money I think business have to make money. If we pay a good price for the sugar, we will not make any money. So some people will always be poor. I work very hard growing sugar. But the rich countries buy my sugar for 10 ct per kilo. I will never be rich. 350 gr of sugar = 1, 69 euros Is it fair?

21 st century global challenges There are some reasons. . . Money In these countries, a worker earns less than 30 euros a month working all day How much are they? Is it fair? Trainers factory in Vietnam How much do they earn?

21 st century global challenges Trade rules Poor countries have to trade with rich countries. . . but rich countries make up the rules. Why? Would they have won if they had played this team. . . This junior football team has won a competition. . . and allowed them to make up the rules too?

21 st century global challenges GAME: How does the global economic system work? Objectives of the game - The objective of each group is to make as much money as possible by using the materials given. - No other materials can be used. - Money is made by manufacturing goods. - The goods you are going to manufacture are the shapes shown on the ‘Diagram of Shapes. ’ - Each shape has its own value as shown on the diagram. -The shapes are given to the banker in batches of five similar shapes. - The banker will then check them and credit their value to your bank account. - Manufacture as many shapes as you can, the more you make the wealthier you will be.

21 st century global challenges GAME: How does the global economic system work? Rules of the game - ALL the shapes MUST be cut with clean sharp scissors and MUST be the exact size shown. -Take the shapes to the banker in batches of five to be credited to your account. -You can ONLY use the materials that have been given out. -There is to be NO physical force used during the game. -The leader represents the UNITED NATIONS and will intervene in any disagreements.

21 st century global challenges GAME: How does the global economic system work? Diagram of shapes Value: 300 euros 12 cm 7 cm 6 cm Value: 500 euros Good luck!

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals What is the meaning of “goal”? Which are your personal goals?

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals Many people think that a peaceful and equal world can be possible In the year 2000, the member states of the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Declaration. Governments around the world are working together for a better future for all of us.

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are international objectives for reducing global poverty. To reduce poverty To educate every child

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are international objectives for reducing global poverty. To equal chances for girls and women To reduce the number of babies and children that die

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are international objectives for reducing global poverty. To ensure safe and healthy motherhood To fight infectious diseases

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals The eight Millennium Development Goals are international objectives for reducing global poverty. To clean up the environment To share responsability for making the world a better place

21 st century global challenges The Millennium Development Goals By the year 2015 these goals, if they are reached, will change the lives of millions of people How old will you be in 2015? Do you think the world will be a better place then?