2025 Block-to-Block Operations Briefing to NASA ARAC Doug

2025 Block-to-Block Operations Briefing to NASA ARAC Doug Arbuckle May 3, 2005 E-mail: p. d. arbuckle@nasa. gov Phone: 202 -220 -3456 www. jpdo. aero

2025 NGATS Capabilities “Block to Block” • Global Secure Access to Net Centric Information • Airborne Information Web • Broad-Area Precision Navigation • Required Total System Performance – Equip for Service • 4 D Trajectory Management • Dynamic Airspace Configuration • Seamless Weather Assimilation Into Decision Loops • Equivalent Visual Operations • Super Density Operations 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 2

“Block to Block” Concept: Selected Elements Communication Constellation Sat. Comm Navigation Constellation Sat. Nav Constellation (Positioning) (Data & Voice Digital Comm) Aeronautical Information & Block-to-Block 4 -D Trajectory Dynamic Airspace ADS-X NETWORK CENTRIC INFORMATION EVALUATOR Airport ADS-X User Plans Data Base Secured Access Responsive to Needs Based on original graphic courtesy of Crown Consulting, Inc 03 -May-2005 Scheduling Automation ANSP Plans Data Base Ground-Based Users Air Traffic Management Facilities AOC, FBO, Business, Private, Etc. Airborne & Surface Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 3

Capability: Global Secure Access to Net Centric Information “Shared Situational Awareness” • Real-time free-flow of information • Push/pull processes to relevant NGATS communities of interest • Meld inputs from private, commercial, & gov’t sources • Network-enabled operations • Common awareness of on-going day-to-day operations, events, and crises • Secured according to needs and priorities 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 4

Net-Centric Operations “It’s about the Users” From To • Info supplier dominated • Owner pushes controlled info • Sequential info flow • User (consumer) dominates • Owner posts info for appropriate classes of users • Parallel information flow Gather, Process, Use, Disseminate Gather, Post, Process, Use Net Centricity Payoffs Ø Faster Decision Making Ø Increased Collaboration Ø Better Decisions based on access to more information 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 5

Shared Situational Awareness: Major Themes • “See” System of systems layering, integrating aerospace surveillance • “Comprehend” Standardized interagency and industry policies, procedures, processes and info sharing • “Enable Action” Broadband-like access throughout system 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 6

NGATS Information Sharing Aerospace Vehicles International Aviation Canada, Mexico Intel Community Homeland Security Homeland Defense ATM Airports/Gnd Spt 2025 Assumptions • Sufficient bandwidth exists • Sufficient infrastructure 03 -May-2005 • Broad-Area Precision navigation • Tailored, secured according to needs of users • “Push/Pull” information sharing via NEO Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 7

NGATS Airborne Web • Broad-area broadband • Data & Voice • Surveillance • Secured • Responsive • User-tailored 4 D Trajectory Mgt Inter-aircraft Communication Safety Factors Surveillance, Defense Assessments Wake Vortex knowledge Weather info Block-to-Block ATM Broadband communications over 1000 times as fast as standard 64 K satellite service, operating at a small fraction of the cost. Range: 300 Miles at 30, 000 ft 45 Mbps 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 8

Implementing Network Enabled Capabilities Policy Change/Creation Organizational Innovation Technology Policy Technology Innovation Organization Technology …Requires Innovation/Change Across all Lines of Development 03 -May-2005 Culture Acceptance Culture Policy Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 9

Capability: Broad-Area Precision Navigation • Navigation performance sufficient to enable precision approaches (CATI/II/III) Ø Minimal/zero ground-based aids at any “air portal” Ø CAT-II without local augmentation, CAT-III with low-cost local augmentation Ø “Air portal”-specific, vice runway-specific • Broad Area to Global Availability of Nav Services Ø Meeting appropriate requirements for accuracy, integrity and continuity • Divests current ground-based systems of landing/navigation aids • Reduction/elimination of runway lighting, markings 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 10

Capability: Required Total System Performance*: Equip For Service • Multiple, differentiated service levels Ø Provides choice to users depending on needs Ø Required Communication, Navigation and Surveillance performance Ø Other categories of performance as needed • Temporal Flexibility, Responsiveness Ø Varies from area to area, in terms of airspace and “air portal” surfaces Ø Varies with time as needs dictate Ø Preference established based on user capability/equipage/training etc. • “Contracts” aligning services between users and providers Ø Developed cooperatively by service providers and their users Ø “Guarantees” prior to flight commencement *Ref Policy Fact Sheet: “Performance-Based Operations and Services” 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 11

Capability: 4 -D Trajectory Mgt • Users have 4 D trajectories which are the basis for planning and execution over multiple time horizons Ø Trajectory definition is “block-to-block” (includes airport surface operations) • 4 D trajectories exchanged among users and ATM service provider using “Airborne Web” (previously described) • Separation Assurance/Management performed using current aircraft states and intent as defined by “active” 4 D trajectory • Strategic Traffic Management performed using 4 D trajectories that include probabilistic information • Where appropriate, “ 4 D contracts” exist between users and the ATM service provider Ø Contracts imply commitment(s) by both parties Ø Contracts are renegotiable “on the fly” at initiation of either party 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 12

Management-by-Trajectory Strategic Domain Tactical Domain Separation Mgmt Domain Airspace Organization and Management Airport Operations Airspace User Operations Demand Capacity Balancing Traffic Synchronization Information Management Irregular Operations ATM Service Delivery Management Projected Profiles Planned Profiles Conformance Monitoring User Requested Profile Agreement Clearance Weather, Aggregate Flow, Airport Configuration/Infrastructure Key Issues are functional allocation between: – automation and humans – aircraft operators and ‘central’ service provider 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 13

Capability: National Dynamic Airspace 4 D Global Information System: • Airspace configuration driven by – User needs – National Security Requirements – Safety – Overall efficiency of operations • Reconfigurable hourly • Single mechanism for implementing Special Use Airspace, TFR’s, etc – Maximizes airspace access to all – National security needs prioritized • Temporal implementation of highdensity, high demand corridors, etc 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 14

Dynamic Airspace Configuration Common 4 D Geospatial Info System (GIS) Vehicles • Consistent definition across all elements • Elements have geospatial and temporal dimensions WX Volume of Interest LOAs/SOPs Collaborative Routings Flow Constrained Areas Preferred Routings Delegated Airspace (SUA) Airspace Loc. ’s Q Q Q Q Q Flight Info. Regions Q Q NAS Assets Political Physical Structures /time Geographical/Topological STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION… • Set standard GIS format & access method • Establish method as core SSA capability 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 15

“Evaluator” • Requires trajectory management and dynamic airspace capabilities -- yet key to utilizing those capabilities • Users “post”/update desired 4 D trajectories in common system that continuously evaluates mutual compatibility • Integrates/communicates weather, security, environmental, safety & other information • Predicts potential “over demand” situations • Works across all time horizons from +330 days prior to flight up to separation management (20 minutes or less) • Supports distributed decision-making environment where players have clear, agreed-to roles and rules of engagement 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 16

Capability: Seamless Weather Assimilation Into Decision Loops • NGATS Weather Information Network (NWIN) Ø Observation from many sensors, feeding multiple forecast models, fused into single national database Ø Capable of dynamic update rates of a minute or less • NWIN supports “push/pull” information sharing • Seamlessly assimilated into NGATS “decision loops” Ø Total integration via machine-to-machine transfer Ø Critical decision system time scales using both probabilistic and deterministic weather information Ø Optimized to maximize available weather-favorable airspace to the NAS Ø Terminal weather impacts including ground/ramp operations 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 17

Capability: Equivalent Visual Operations • Enable aircraft to perform "equivalent visual" operations in non-visual conditions • ATM providers delegate “maintain separation” responsibility to aircraft operators Ø Greater freedom of independent operations in non-visual conditions to converging and closely-spaced parallel runways Ø Reduced in-trail spacing during flight Ø Timely, high fidelity information on nearby aircraft, weather, etc. • System-wide availability at all “air portals” Ø Airborne separation assurance and cost-effective sequencing automation in IMC at non-towered, non-radar airports (requires ADS-B) Ø Affordable capabilities and procedures enabling low visibility air & ground movements (down to CAT-II/III) 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 18

Capability: Super Density Airports • Maximized runway capacity Ø Reduced arrival/departure spacing for single runways Ø Reduced arrival/departure spacing for closely-spaced parallel runways Ø Equivalent Visual capability Ø Predictable detection/integration of wake vortex hazards • Reduce Runway Occupancy Time Ø Aircraft energy management during rollout coupled with optimum turnoff selection Ø Situational awareness of “nearby” surface traffic and intent for high-speed turnoff • Simultaneous operations on single runway Ø Multiple aircraft operate on a single runway when sufficient “separation” exists Ø High-update rate surveillance info available to all aircraft 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 19

NGATS 2025: Realizing Capabilities… CAPABILITY MEANS Global Secure Access to Net-centric Information Policy changes; standards adoption; research; technology Airborne Information and Surveillance Web Airborne-based info sharing constellation Broad-Area Precision Navigation GPS III + aircraft augmentation + ? Required Total System Performance “Equip for Service” New policy and regulatory framework, including publication of preferences 4 D Trajectory Assessment & Management Modernization & Research (“Evaluator”) Dynamic Airspace Configuration NAS Information in Common 4 D GIS; Cultural change Seamless Weather Assimilation Into Decision Loops Research; Policy changes; agency synchronization Equivalent visual Operations Cultural change; Research + Fully capable ADS-B Super Density Operations Cultural change; Research + Modernization ADS-B(full); Implementation of SATS project technologies/procedures 03 -May-2005 Version 3. 0 - Draft for Discussion 20