2013 REVIEW OF NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION • THE SEISMICITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED FOR OVER 2000 YEARS • MANY IMPORTANT CITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST HAVE BEEN DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES AND SOMETIMES TSUNAMIS
TECTONICS
2150 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 2150 BC • CONSEQUENCES • SODOM AND GOMORRAH DESTROYED
525 BC EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • 525 BC • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • TYRE DESTROYED BY TSUNAMI
140 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 140 BC • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • TSUNAMI STRIKES TYRE
31 BC EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 31 BC • AT LEAST MAGNITUDE 7 • JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • ONE OF THE LARGEST SHOCKS IN 2000 YEARS
DECEMBER 3 M 115 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • DECEMBER 3, 115 • ANTIOCH AD DEVASTATED • LEVANTINE COAST
306 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • 306 AD • TSUNAMI • LEVANTINE COAST
349 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 349 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • MOST OF BEIRUT DESTROYED
AUGUST 21 -22, 502 AD EARTHQUAKES • EVENT • AUGUST 21 -22, 502 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • DAMAGE FROM TYRE TO ALEPPO
JULY 6, 551 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • JULY 6, 551 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • MAY BE LARGEST MAGNITUDE EVENT IN LEVANT • CONSEQUENCES • TOTAL DESTRUCTION OF BEIRUT AND A LARGE AREA • TSUNAMI • TECTONIC DEFORMATION
JUNE 658 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JUNE 658 AD • SYRIA-PALESTINE • CONSEQUENCES • DEVASTATION EVERYWHERE
JANUARY 18, 746 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES JANUARY 18, 746 AD • HEAVY DAMAGE IN VALLEY M 7. 3 • TSUNAMI JORDAN VALLEY
OCTOBER 881 AD EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • OCTOBER 881 AD • TSUNAMI AT ACRE • LEVANTINE COAST
MAY 1053 AD EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • MAY 1063 AD • COASTAL LEBANON • CONSEQUENCES • ARQA DESTROYED AND ABANDONED
AUGUST 15, 1157 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 15, 1157 • MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS • BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE • DAMASCUS DESTROYED
JUNE 29, 1170 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JUNE 29, 1170 AD • MAGNITUDE 7 PLUS • BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE
JUNE-JULY 1201 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • JUNE AND JULY, • SEISMIC SWARM 1201 • DESTRUCTION IN • LEVANTIAN COAST CYRPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE • TSUNAMIS
MAY 20, 1202 EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT MAY 20, 1202 MAGNITUDE 7. 5 BEKAA VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE • TRIPOLI, HOMS, AND BA’ALBEK DESTROYED
AUGUST 8, 1303 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 8, 1303 • EGYPT • CONSEQUENCES • DAMAGE IN CAIRO AND ALEXANDRIA
DECEMBER 1403 - JANUARY 1404 EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • DECEMBER 1403 • TSUNAMI JANUARY 1404 • LEVANTINE COAST
SEPTEMBER 19, 1509 EARTHQUAKES • EVENT • SEPTEMBER 10, 1509 • MARMARA SEA • CONSEQUENCES • ISTANBUL DESTROYED
JULY 21, 1752 EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES • JULY 21, 1752 • TSUNAMIS • LEVANTINE COAST
NOVEMBER 25, 1759 BEKAA VALLEY EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES NOVEMBER 25, 1759 • DEAD SEA RIFT ZONE MAGNITUDE 7. 4 • BEIRUT AND BEKAA VALLEY DAMASCUS DEVASTATED • 30, 000 DEAD
AUGUST 13, 1882 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • AUGUST 13, 1822 • ALEPPO, SYRIA • CONSEQUENCES • 20, 000 KILLED • 17, 000 HOUSES DESTROYED
JANUARY 1, 1837 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • JANUARY 1, 1837 • TIBNIN, JORDAN • CONSEQUENCES • 4, 000 KILLED
DECEMBER 12, 1856 EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • DECEMBER 12, 1856 • JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • TIBERIAS DESTROYED • TSUNAMIS
JULY 11, 1927 EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT JULY 11, 1927 MAGNITUDE 7. 2 JORDAN VALLEY • CONSEQUENCES • JERUSALEM AND AMMAN DAMAGED • 340 DEAD • MANY HOUSES DAMAGED
DECEMBER 26, 1939 ERZINCANREFAHIYE EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT DECEMBER 26, 1939 MAGNITUDE 8 MANY AFTERSHOCKS • ERZINCANREFAHIYE, TURKEY • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 43, 000 KILLED • 76, 000 INJURED • 200, 000 HOUSES DESTROYED
MARCH 6, 1952 EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT MARCH 16, 1952 MAGNITUDE 6 COASTAL LEBANON, 50 KM SOUTH OF BEIRUT • CONSEQUENCES • 136 DEAD • 6. 000 HOUSES DESTROYED
OCTOBER 10, 1980 EL ASNAM EARTHQUAQKE • EL ASNAM, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE • OCTOBER 10, 1980 • 2, 500 DEATHS • 300, 000 HOMELESS • > $ 4 BILLION IN LOSSES (10 % OF ALGERIA’S GDP)
NOVEMBER 23, 1980 IRPINIA, ITALY EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT NOVEMBER 23, 1980 MAGNITUDE 6. 9 IRPINIABASILICATA, ITALY • CONSEQUENCES • 2, 914 KILLED AND 10, 000 INJURED • 300, 000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED • AN ESTIMATED $50 BILLION IN LOSSES
DECEMBER 13, 1982 DAHMAR EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT DECEMBER 13, 1982 MAGNITUDE 6 DAHMAR, YEMEN • CONSEQUENCES • 15, 000 KILLED OR INJURED • 500, 000 HOMELESS AND DISPLACED
MARCH 13, 1992 ERZINCAN EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT MARCH 13, 1992 MAGNITUDE 7. 1 ERZINCAN, TURKEY • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 653 DEAD • 3, 850 INJURED • 50, 000 HOMELESS
OCTOBER 12, 1992 DAHSHOUR EARTHQUAKE • • EVENT • CONSEQUENCES OCTOBER 12, 1992 • 7, 000 KILLED OR INJURED MAGNITUDE 5. 9 DAHSHOUR, EGYPT • 1, 000 SCHOOLS DAMAGED
NOVEMBER 23, 1995 GULF OF AQABA EVENT • CONSEQUENCS • NOVEMBER 23, 1995 • DAMAGE TO MAGNITUDE 7. 5 BUILDNGS IN BORDER REGIONS • GULF OF AQABA OF JORDAN, EGYPT, ISRAEL, AND SAUDI ARABIA • CONSIDERED A “WAKE UP CALL”
AUGUST 17, 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE • CONSEQUENCES • EVENT • NORTH ANATOLIAN • 3: 02 AM AUGUST FAULT ZONE 17, 1999 • 17, 127 KILLED • MAGNITUDE 7. 4 • 43, 953 INJURED • KOCAELI, TURKEY • 250, 000 HOMELESS • INDUSTRIAL • ECONOMIC LOSSES HEARTLAND IN BILLIONS 12, 500 SQUARE KM IMPACTED
KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE • INDUSTRIAL HEARTLAND DEVASTATED • OIL REFINERY • AUTO PLANT • 30, 500 BUSINESSES AFFECTED • ECONOMIC LOSSES IN THE BILLIONS
NOVEMBER 12, 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 6: 57 PM NOVEMBER 12, 1999 • MAGNITUDE 7. 2 • DUZCE, TURKEY, 185 KM EAST OF ISTANBUL • CONSEQUENCES • NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT ZONE • 500 DEAD • 3, 000 INJURED • TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY DAMAGED
MAY 21, 2003 BOUMERDES, ALGERIA EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 7: 45 PM MAY 21, 2003 • MAGNITUDE 6. 8 • BOUMERDES PROVINCE, ALGERIA, 60 KM FROM ALGIERS • CONSEQUENCES • AFRICA-EURASIA PLATE COLLISION; ZEMMOURI FAULT • 2, 266 DEAD; 10, 261 INJURED • 1, 241 BUILDINGS DAMAGED ; 150, 000 HOMELESS
BOUMERDES EARTHQUAKE
BAM, IRAN EARTHQUAKE 2003 M 6/6 OVER 31, 000 DEAD
CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: BEFORE EARTHQUAKE:
CITADEL OF BAM, IRAN: AFTER EARTHQUAKE:
APRIL 6, 2009 L’AQUILLA (ABRUZZO) EARTHQUAKE • EVENT • 3: 30 AM APRIL 6, 2009 • MAGNITUDE 6. 3 • L’AQUILLA, ITALY, 70 KM FROM ROME • CONSEQUENCES • NORMAL FAULT SYSTEM • 300 DEAD • AN ESTIMATED 11, 000 BUILDINGS DAMAGED
LOCATION MAP
DAMAGE: VILLAGE OF ONNA
TWIN MODERATE-MAGNITUDE EARTHQUAKES STRIKE IRAN SATURDAY, AUGUST 11, 2012
Iran has many well-known seismically active faults, which have generated devastating earthquakes in recent years, including a M 6. 6 earthquake in 2003 that destroyed the city of Bam and killed more than 31, 000 people
THE EARTHQUAKES (Source: US Geological Survey) • Saturday's first quake of M 6. 4 and a depth of 9. 9 km (6. 2 miles) struck just before 5 pm 60 km (37 miles) northeast of the city of Tabriz. • Saturday’s second quake of M 6. 3 at a similar depth struck 49 km (30 miles) northeast of Tabriz 11 minutes later.
The earthquakes struck in East Azerbaijan province, a mountainous region that neighbors Azerbaijan and Armenia to the north and is predominantly populated by ethnic Azeris, a minority group.
INITIAL IMPACTS • Over 1, 000 villages were affected, with over 5, 000 buildings in 100 villages partially or totally destroyed as concreteblock and mud-brick buildings collapsed. • At least 20 villages could not be reached because of impassable roads. • People in some villages were in dire need of food and drinking water.
VARZAGHAN: DAMAGE
INITIAL IMPACTS • Over 300 dead (more likely), with over 60 percent being women and children, partly due to the time of day (5 PM) that the quake struck. • Over 1, 800 injured.
INITIAL IMPACTS (continued) • 36, 000 people in the quake-hit area were provided with emergency shelter. • Many slept on the street and in parks. • A field hospital set up in Varzaghan on Sunday to treat the injured was staffed by just two doctors, but , with shortages of medical supplies and food, was hard pressed to meet the urgent needs.
INITIAL IMPACTS (continued) • Hospitals in Tabriz (49 km distance) treated many of the injured from the surrounding villages. • Water, electricity, and phone lines in the Varzaghan area were all down, further hindering rescue efforts • Preliminary loss estimate: $650 million USD
Скачать презентацию 2013 REVIEW OF NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
0829e934a3df4c4e0703636cabed5dcd.ppt