2011 -12 LINGUA INGLESE 1 modulo A/B Introduction to English Linguistics prof. Hugo Bowles Lesson 10 Word formation 1 (Morphology 3)
CLASSIFYING GRAMMAR
CLASSIFYING MORPHOLOGY
swim • CONVERSION • when a word changes its word class to swim (verb) a swim (noun)
CONVERSION • to rain • to bicycle a bicycle • to cheat a cheat
NATO, CNN • INITIALISMS see slide 26
ping-pong, teeny-weeny • REDUPLICATION • a lexeme with two identical, or very similar, constituents
motel, brunch, heliport • BLENDING • when a word is made out of shortened forms of other words • BR-eakfast + l-UNCH = BRUNCH
BLENDING • motel • mo-tor? + ho-tel • heliport • heli-copter + air-port
gas • CLIPPING • when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form gasoline gas
CLIPPING hamburger delicatessen deli microphone mike
edit, televise, demo • BACK FORMATION • When a word of one type is reduced to form a word of a different type editor edit
BACK FORMATION • television televise • demonstration demo
Aussie • HYPOCORISM • A longer word is reduced to a single syllable and then -y or -ie is added • Australian Auss + -ie Aussie
HYPOCORISM • moving picture move + ie movie
quack, woof • ONOMATOPEIA • When a word is created to sound like thing it names
Darwinian • EPONYM • when a word is derived from the name of a person
EPONYMY • Buzz Lightyear is derived from Buzz Aldrin the astronaut • Garibaldi biscuits were marketed in England after Garibaldi’s visit (and you can still buy them)
nylon, aspirin • COINAGE • the invention of a totally new word This often occurs with scientific names and trade names of new products
Quiz (1) • • vet = clipping fantabulous = blending (fantastic + fabulous) Google = coinage (a new invention) to Google (vb) = conversion from Google (noun) doc = clipping (from doctor) zig-zag =reduplication fahrenheit = eponym
Quiz (2) • • ‘Sob!’ = onomatopeia hankie = hypocorism AIDS = acronymy to biograph = back-formation from biography (noun) • infotainment = blending (information + entertainment) • to party = conversion from party (noun)
INITIALISMS Acronomy • When the from is pronounced as a single word (NATO, AIDS) Alphabetism • When the form is pronounced by its letters (BBC, CNN)
INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (1) • Initials used as WORDS y Why? q Queue ruok Are you OK? cu See you
INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (2) • Initials used for elements in COMPOUND WORDS gf girlfriend dl download w/e weekend
INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (3) • Initials used for words in PHRASES cwot complete waste of time imo in my opinion np no problem
INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (4) • Initials used for words in ELLIPTICAL or WHOLE SENTENCES lol Laughing out loud jk Just kidding swdyt So what do you think? cmb Call me back
INITIALISMS IN TEXT MESSAGES (5) • Initials used for words in EXCLAMATIONS omg Oh my God! Yyssw Yeah, yeah, sure, whatever !
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