2004 Automotive News World Congress Powertrains of the

2004 Automotive News World Congress Powertrains of the Future Dr. Fritz Indra Executive Director GM Powertrain Advanced Engineering 1/14/04 1

GM Technology Strategy Reduced Vehicle Emissions Increased Vehicle Fuel Economy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Incremental Internal Combustion Engine and Transmission Improvements y Toda Near-Term Hydrogen Infrastructure Mid-Term Long-Term 1/14/04 2

Gasoline Engine Technology Higher levels of fuel economy, power and torque ¶Required power density of 60 hp/liter- naturally aspirated and 100 hp/liter turbocharged ¶Spark ignition direct-injection (SIDI) gasoline engines ¶Cam phasers & variable induction tuning ¶OHV – DOD for V-6/V-8 engines – 3 valves per cylinder ¶DOHC 4 V – 2 -step valvetrain – Port deactivation ¶Turbocharging and supercharging – Turbocharging w/direct injection By 2007, GM will equip more than 2. 5 million engines a year with variable valve timing By 2008, GM will equip more than 2 million vehicles annually with Displacement on Demand By 2006, GM will have manufactured more than one million engines featuring port deactivation 1/14/04 3

Gasoline Engine Technology Emission reductions ¶ Advanced control system algorithms – Model-based ¶ Improved combustion ¶ Close couple catalytic converters ¶ Exhaust manifold integrated in the cylinder head ¶ Active intake manifold on OHV engines ¶ Turbocharger integrated in the exhaust manifold ¶ E 85 alternative fuel Since 1960, GM has reduced NOx, CO, and HC emissions by more than 96 percent Driving an H 2 for 3, 000 miles emits less NOx, HC than operating a snowmobile for one hour GM produces more than one-third of all E 85 flexible fuel vehicles on the road in the U. S. 1/14/04 4

Diesel Engine Technology Increased power and torque with reduced emissions and NVH ¶ Required power density of more than 80 hp/liter – Increased maximum cylinder pressure (P-max) – Reduced compression ratio – Common rail fuel system improvements • High pressure • Pilot/post injection – Advanced turbocharging systems GM has capacity to produces 1. 9 M diesels annually on 25 models globally Since 2001, GM heavy duty diesel pickup market share in N. America has increased from 2% to 29% with Duramax 1/14/04 5

Diesel Engine Technology Emission reductions – especially particulates and NOx ¶ Euro IV and beyond – Low temperature combustion for NOx reduction – Diesel particulate filter – NOx aftertreatment (traps/catalyst) The new 2004 Duramax diesel will emit nearly 40 percent less NOx and 10 percent less particulate emissions First OEM to meet Euro IV emissions requirements with 2003 Opel Astra 1. 7 L Circle L GM to offer maintenance-free diesel particulate filters in 2004 1/14/04 6

Fuel Costs and Taxes Tax policy influences powertrain technology strategies Fuel Price (Dollars/Gallon) Gasoline Base Gasoline Tax Diesel Base Diesel Tax Diesel Penetration Sources: US Department of Energy Report, October 2003; Association of European Automobile Manufacturers, April 2003; Automotive Fleet Magazine, November 2003 1/14/04 7

Transmission Technology Planetary stepped gear automatics for improved performance and fuel economy ¶ 6 -speed families (FWD and RWD) Stepped gear manual transmissions for improved fuel economy ¶ Manual transmission automated (MTA) ¶ Dual clutch transmission (DCT) GM begins production of 6 -speed transmissions in 2005 for 2006 MY vehicles GM will produce nearly one million six-speed transmissions annually by 2008 CVT for improved fuel economy and performance on Ecotec 4 -cylinder 1/14/04 8

GM Hybrid Portfolio Evolution Offering a new, scalable strong hybrid architecture Year 2003 Vehicle Fuel Economy Improvement GM Allison up to 60% Hybrid Bus System 2003/2004 FAS Full-size truck 10 -12% 2006 BAS/CVT VUE 12 -15% 2007 BAS/CVT Malibu 12 -15% 2007 AHS II Full-size SUV 25 -35% 2008 AHS II Full-size truck 25 -35% NET: Three hybrid systems 12 models Potential for one million vehicles by 2007 1/14/04 9

GM Allison EP 40/50 Hybrid System Build and deliver more than 250 GM Allison hybrid electric drives by December 2004 Seattle, WA (235) St. Paul, MN (3) Portland, OR (2) Salt Lake City, UT (3) Orange County, CA (2) Hartford, CT (2) Philadelphia, PA(12) New Jersey (4) Austin, TX (2) Houston, TX (4) 13, 000 buses in the nation’s nine largest cities could save 40 million gallons of fuel per year 1/14/04 10

Conclusion GM has a single, integrated propulsion strategy with near-, mid- and long-term technologies GM is delivering its near term strategy ¶Reducing fuel consumption and emissions on millions of vehicles world-wide ¶GM leads in truck fuel economy with best fuel economy in 36 of 82 models GM has strengthened and is delivering its mid-term strategy ¶New hybrid technology will provide even greater fuel savings in the largest fuel consuming vehicles 1/14/04 11