2 Methods Particularly if goal is

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absolute-relative.ppt

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 2 Methods Particularly if goal is to measure the least and greatest occurrence of some 2 Methods Particularly if goal is to measure the least and greatest occurrence of some quantifiable variable Absolute Quantities Relative Quantities

 Measure of the absolute occurrence of the variable A “sheer” number Tells how many or Measure of the absolute occurrence of the variable A “sheer” number Tells how many or how much Examples ◦ Number of students enrolled at De. Paul ◦ Number of people in this class ◦ Number of babies born this year

 An absolute quantity divided by some other quantity Calculated value Tells percent, rate, fraction or An absolute quantity divided by some other quantity Calculated value Tells percent, rate, fraction or ratio Examples: ◦ Ticket sales person ◦ Percentage of population infected with HIV by country ◦ Percent increase in population by state

 Fraction or Percent ◦ Used when comparing part to total of the same type of Fraction or Percent ◦ Used when comparing part to total of the same type of variable ◦ Percent of people infected with HIV Infected population/Total population ◦ Also used to show relative change More to come…

 Ratio ◦ Used to compare the same type of variable from two sources ◦ Example: Ratio ◦ Used to compare the same type of variable from two sources ◦ Example: California’s population is 33, 872, 000 Oregon’s population is 3, 421, 000 How many times larger is CA than OR? Divide CA/OR = 9. 90 CA is almost 10 times larger

 Rates ◦ Used to compare different types of variables ◦ Examples Miles per hour Tickets Rates ◦ Used to compare different types of variables ◦ Examples Miles per hour Tickets person Crimes per 1000 people

 Let’s work with some absolute and relative quantities HIV_Adults_By_Country_2001. xls State. Lotteries. xls Let’s work with some absolute and relative quantities HIV_Adults_By_Country_2001. xls State. Lotteries. xls

 Describes the actual increase or decrease from a reference (or old/earlier) value to a new Describes the actual increase or decrease from a reference (or old/earlier) value to a new (or later) value Formula ◦ Absolute Change = new value – reference value

 Compares the absolute change to the reference value Formula ◦ Relative Change = Absolute Change Compares the absolute change to the reference value Formula ◦ Relative Change = Absolute Change Reference Value or = new value — reference value ◦ Convert relative change from fraction to % (with 2 decimal places) for readability purposes

 Absolute and Relative Change Absolute and Relative Change

 Already discussed ◦ Percent Change  Formula = (new-old)/old ◦ Percentage of Main Formula is Already discussed ◦ Percent Change Formula = (new-old)/old ◦ Percentage of Main Formula is part/whole=% ◦ Absolute Change Formula = new value – reference(old) value ◦ Relative Change Formula = Absolute Change/Reference Value

 Percent More Than or “Times More Than” ◦ Example:  The life expectancy in Canada Percent More Than or “Times More Than” ◦ Example: The life expectancy in Canada is 79. 1 years; the life expectancy in the US is 76. 0 years. ◦ By how many percent is the life expectancy in Canada higher than the life expectancy in the US? Answer — find percent change (79. 1 -76. 0)/76. 0 = 0. 041 or 4. 1% ◦ How many times as large is the life expectancy in Canada than the life expectancy in the US? Answer – divide Canada LE/US LE 79. 1/76. 0 = 1. 041 times larger

 Percent Less Than Same Example:  The life expectancy in Canada is 79. 1 years; Percent Less Than Same Example: The life expectancy in Canada is 79. 1 years; the life expectancy in the US is 76. 0 years. ◦ By how many percent is the life expectancy of people in the US lower than the life expectancy in Canada? Answer – find percent change but divide by Canadian LE (76. 0 -79. 1)/79. 1 = -0. 039 or -3. 9%