14 CFR Part 61 Certification of Pilots Flight

14 CFR Part 61 Certification of: Pilots, Flight Instructors and Ground Instructors

OBJECTIVE GIVEN THE FOLLOWING REVIEW, YOU WILL BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF 14 CFR PART 61 INCLUDING CHANGES, RELATING TO PILOT CERTIFICATION AND CURRENCY.

CURRENT REGULATIONS

61. 1 APPLICABILITY Certificates, Ratings, Authorizations, Privileges, and Limitations –Pilot –Flight Instructor –Ground Instructor Under Part 61 & Approved Courses

(Certificates & Ratings (Medical Requirements (Knowledge Tests (Endorsements & Recommendations (Practical Test Regulations

CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS FApplication. . . On a Form and in a Manner Acceptable. . . (8710. 1) A Citizen/Resident Is Entitled. . . Upon Completing Training & Certification Requirements. 61. 13(a)

CERTIFICATES, RATINGS, AND AUTHORIZATIONS F Appropriate Limitations Will Be Placed on Certificates: –Able To Meet All Other Certification Requirements –Physical Limitation in Medical Records –Determination That Safety Is Not Adversely Effected (Administrator--FSDO) 61. 13(b)

PILOT CERTIFICATES ( Student Pilot ( Recreational Pilot ( Private Pilot ( Commercial Pilot ( Airline Transport Pilot 61. 5(a)

Flight Instructor FFlying privileges are NOT included. 61. 5(a) & 61. 193

Ground Instructor Now In Part 61 Subpart I 61. 5(a) & 61. 215

What Is an “Authorized Instructor”?

Authorized Instructor F Current Flight Instructor Certificate Under Part 61 F Valid Ground Instructor Certificate Under Part 61 F Authorized By Administrator (121, 135, 142, 61. 41, SFAR 58 )-- May Only Make Appropriate Training Endorsements 61. 1(b)(2)

Authorized Instructor F Flight Instructor Must Hold - –Type Rating If Required for Aircraft F Five Hours PIC (Certificated) in –Multiengine –Helicopter –Powered-Lift 61. 195(e)&(f)

When Is a Pilot, Medical Or Instructor Certificate Required to Be in Ones Physical Possession?

FCertificates That Must Be in Physical Possession, or Readily Accessible in the Aircraft FPilot and Medical Certificates –To Act as PIC or Required Crewmember FFlight or Ground Instructor’s Certificate –When Giving Instruction 61. 3

TEMPORARY CERTIFICATES FPoint out that it is effective for no more than 120 days. 61. 17

CERTIFICATES FSuspended Pilot, Flight Instructor, or Ground Instructor Certificate: –May Not Apply for Any Certificate, Rating or Authorization During the Suspension. 61. 13(d)

CERTIFICATES FRevoked Pilot, Flight Instructor or Ground Instructor Certificate: –May Not Apply for Any Certificate, Rating or Authorization for One Year After Revocation. 61. 13(d)

CERTIFICATES FOffenses Involving Drugs FDenial of an Application for Any Certificate, Rating or Authorization for up to 1 Year After Date of Final Conviction. 61. 15(a)

CERTIFICATES MOTOR VEHICLE ACTION FConviction Related to Motor Vehicle Operation While Intoxicated, Impaired, or Under Influence FMUST Provide a Written Report to FAA Security Within 60 Days of the Action – Non-Compliance Is Grounds for 61. 15(e) Suspension or Revocation

61. 5 RATINGS Category, Class, Type & Instrument

How Many Category Ratings Exist? What Are They?

CATEGORY RATINGS Airplane Rotorcraft Lighter-than-air Glider Powered-lift Powered Parachute. . . ?

What Are The Class Ratings For Airplane? Rotorcraft? Lighter-Than-Air? Glider?

AIRPLANE CLASS RATINGS ( Single Engine Land ( Multiengine Land ( Single Engine Sea ( Multiengine Sea ROTORCRAFT CLASS RATINGS ( Helicopter ( Gyrocopter

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR CLASS RATINGS ( Airship ( Balloon Gliders Have No Class

TYPE RATINGS FRequired to Act As PIC of: F Large Aircraft (Except L-T-A) – Airplanes & Helicopters F Turbojet Powered Airplanes F Other Aircraft Specified 61. 31(a)

CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGS Required To: FAct or Serve As PIC for Compensation or Hire, While Carrying Another Person, or During Operations for Compensation or Hire. F 61. 31(c) & (d)(1)

CATEGORY, CLASS, & TYPE RATINGS NOT REQUIRED TO SERVE AS PIC FReceiving Training While Under the Supervision of an Authorized Instructor FSolo Endorsement 61. 31(d)(2)&(3)

CATEGORY, CLASS, TYPE RATING, & ENDORSEMENTS FOR COMPLEX, HIGH PERFORMANCE, TAIL-WHEEL, & PRESSURIZED OPERATIONS TRAINING ARE NOT REQUIRED TO SERVE AS PIC FWhen Taking a Practical Test Given by an Examiner. 61. 31(k)(2)(i)

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES 61. 23

What Class Medical Is Required To Take an Airplane or Helicopter Airline Transport Pilot Practical Test?

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES F At Least a 3 rd Class Medical Is Required Prior to Taking a Practical Test for Pilot Certificates or Ratings (Other Than Glider or Balloon) –Applicant Qualification to be PIC 61. 23(3)(v) & 61. 39(a)(4)

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: REQUIREMENT Medical Requirement Is Based on Privilege Exercised (Except Glider/Balloon) FFirst Class -- Airline Transport Pilot FSecond Class -- Commercial FThird Class – Student, Recreational, Private – Instructor - While Required Crewmember – Practical Test at All Pilot Certificate Levels (61. 39(4)) 61. 23(a)

MEDICAL CERTIFICATES: DURATION (Expires at the end of the Last Day of the ___th Month After Month of Examination) FFirst Class -- sixth month FSecond Class -- 12 th month FThird Class -- (Changed 9/16/96) – 36 th Month, If Issued Before 40 th Birthday – 24 th Month, If Issued on or After 40 th Birthday 61. 23(c)

An Applicant Obtained a Third Class Medical and Student Pilot Certificate One Year Before Becoming 40 Years Old. How Long Do These Certificates Remain Valid When the Applicant Becomes 40 Years Old?

The Medical Certificate Is Still Valid for Two More Years. Validity Is Based Upon Age at Issuance. The Student Pilot Certificate Is Only Valid For One More Year. The Validity of Student Pilot Certificates Remains Unchanged at 24 Calendar Months. 61. 19(b) & 61. 23(c)

Is a Flight Instructor Required to Hold A Medical To Give Instruction and Receive Compensation?

NO However the Instructor Cannot Act As a Required Crewmember. This Prevents Instruction Of Student Pilots or Instrument Instruction When a View Limiting Device Is Being Used. 61. 23(b)(5)

Does the Requirement, “. . . To Certify That There Are No Known Medical Deficiencies. . . ” Still Exist for Applicants of Balloon or Glider Ratings?

NO § 61. 23(b)(1) & (2) Eliminate The Requirement. Block W Need Not Be Completed And Will Be Removed On The Revised Form. However, § 61. 53 Prohibiting Operations During Medical Deficiency Applies.

KNOWLEDGE TESTS

KNOWLEDGE TESTS How Long Is a Knowledge Test Passing Score Validity? Is There Any Exception?

A Passing Score Is Valid For 24 Calendar Months - 61. 39(a)(1). No Exception, This Applies to All Knowledge Tests. However, an Expired Test Result Can Be Used for an ATP Practical Test Under Specific Circumstances.

KNOWLEDGE TESTS Expired Knowledge Test Report May Be Used By An ATP Applicant If: FEmployed As Flight Crewmember by Part 121, 125, or 135 Certificate Holder FAccomplished Approved PIC Qualification Program and Training Appropriate to Certificate/Rating Sought 61. 39(b)

KNOWLEDGE TESTS A Knowledge Test Is Required for Adding ATP-Rotorcraft (Helicopter) to an ATPAirplane OR Adding Airplane to an ATP-Rotorcraft. 61. 165 (a)(2), (b)(2), (c)(2)

KNOWLEDGE TESTS ADDITIONAL RATING AT OTHER THAN AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LEVEL F Knowledge Test Not Required for Addition of Category, Class, or Type Rating –Power to Power –Power to Non Power 61. 63 (b)(5), (c)(5), (d)(6)

KNOWLEDGE TESTS F An Applicant Is NOT Required to Take A (Short) Knowledge Test to Add Instrument to Another Category, If the Person Already Holds an Instrument Rating. SHORT TESTS 61. 65(a)(7)

ENDORSEMENTS Complex High Performance Pressurized Type Specific Tail Wheel Glider Operations Student Solo, X/C, etc. .

KNOWLEDGE TEST ENDORSEMENT F For Presentation at the Computer Test Center – Logbook Endorsement – Certificate of Graduation – Statement of Completion F Test Results Acceptable for Endorsement Requirement by Examiners § 61. 35 & AC 61. 65 D

What Are the Three Endorsements That Are Generally Required by § 61. 39 For Initial Practical Tests?

GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT F Training Within the Preceding 60 Days F Knowledge Test Deficiency Review, When Appropriate F Prepared For Practical Test § 61. 39(a)(6)

GENERAL ENDORSEMENT REQUIREMENT Exceptions -- § 61. 39(c): F ATP or Additional Rating to ATP F Type Rating F Holder of Foreign License of At Least The Privilege Sought § 61. 39(a)(6)

What Two Solo Endorsements Must Be Found for All Recreational or Private Pilot Applicants?

ENDORSEMENTS PRIVATE & RECREATIONAL PILOT F Solo Make/Model on Student Certificate F Solo Make/Model Within 90 Days Preceding Flight in Logbook § 61. 87(l)

What Additional Solo Endorsements Must Be Found for Private Pilot Airplane Or Rotorcraft Applicants?

ENDORSEMENTS PRIVATE PILOT AIRPLANE / ROTORCRAFT F Solo X/C for Category on Student Certificate - § 61. 93(c)(1) F Solo X/C for Make/Model in Logbook - § 61. 93(c)(2)(i) F Each Solo X/C - Make/Model in Logbook - § 61. 93(c)(2)(ii)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS (TO ACT AS PIC) 61. 31(e)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS (TO ACT AS PIC) F Complex Airplane - Regulatory Term -Flaps -Controllable Pitch Propeller -Retractable Landing Gear F A Complex Seaplane -Flaps -Controllable Propeller 61. 31(e)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS (TO ACT AS PIC) F High-Performance Airplane - “An Engine” of More Than 200 Hp F Some Light-Twins May Be Complex, But Not High Performance F Turbine Powered Aircraft Are High- Performance - But Are Not Complex ! Not 61. 31(f)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS (TO ACT AS PIC) FPressurized Aircraft With Either Service Ceiling or Max Operating Altitude Above 25, 000 Feet MSL. (4/15/91) F“Type Specific Training” Required by Aircraft Type Certificate (e. g. , R-22) 61. 31(g), (h)

TRAINING ENDORSEMENTS (TO ACT AS PIC) FTailwheel Airplanes (4/15/91) FLogbook Training Endorsements for “Ground Tow”, “Aero Tow” and “Self Launch” Replace Limitations Shown on Certificates 61. 31(i), (j)

RETESTING AFTER FAILURE 61. 49

RETESTING AFTER FAILURE F No 30 - Day Delay for Retesting 30 DAY DELAY F Required Endorsement: –Received the Necessary Training From an Authorized Instructor . . . –Is Determined to Be Proficient to Pass the Test 61. 49

RECOMMENDATION PREPARED & READY

RECOMMENDATION To Be Eligible for a Practical Test - –Instructor’s Signature on the 8710 -1 Application --The “Form and Manner Acceptable”. u. This Is Required in Addition to the Logbook Endorsement That the Applicant Is PREPARED for the Required Practical Test 61. 39(a)(6)(ii) & 61. 13

RECOMMENDATION FEXCEPTION: An Instructor’s Recommendation Is NOT Required for the INITIAL Practical Test for an ATP Certificate or a Type Ratings. 61. 39(c)(2) & (3)

Practical Test Regulations

STATUS OF EXAMINER F Represents Administrator to Observe Applicant’s Performance F NOT The Pilot-in-Command Except by Prior Agreement (Such Agreement Is Not Recommended) 61. 47

ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS

ENGLISH LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS 61. 65, 61. 75, 61. 83, 61. 96, 61. 103, 61. 123, 61. 153 FRead, Speak, WRITE, and Understand English FInability Due to Medical Condition Operating Limitations on Certificate

61. 39 PREREQUISITES FOR PRACTICAL TEST • Required Knowledge Test • Required Training & Experience • At Least 3 rd Class Medical (If Required) • Prescribed Age • Required Endorsements • Completed & Signed Application

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES (1) Areas of Operation & Tasks Safely and Within Approved Standards (2) Mastery of the Aircraft -- Never Seriously in Doubt (3) Proficiency & Competency (4) Sound Judgment (5) Single-pilot Competence 61. 43

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES F Fail Any Area of Operation (Task) = Failure of Practical Test F Examiner or Applicant May Discontinue Test -- Failure, Weather, Airworthiness or Safety – 60 Day Credit For Passed Areas of Operations 61. 43

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES WHEN SHOULD THE EXAMINER NOTIFY AN APPLICANT OF UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE?

PRACTICAL TESTS: GENERAL PROCEDURES IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE UNSATISFACTORILY PERFORMANCE HAS BEEN DETERMINED.

REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT APPLICANT’S RESPONSIBILITY No Limitations Prohibiting Tasks Required Equipment Two Pilot Stations Adequate Visibility for Safety and Evaluation 61. 45

61. 45(b)(2) PRACTICAL TESTS: REQUIRED EQUIPMENT F The Limitations “Center Thrust” or Specific Make and Model –Authorized If An Applicant Provides an Aircraft With Operating Characteristics That Preclude Performance of All Tasks Required for the Practical Test

REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT Controls - Power and Flight Operable in Conventional Manner Visual Limiting Device Single Controls - - From the Ground or Another Aircraft. Examiner Discretion and FSDO Concurrence (Letter) 61. 45

ADDITIONAL CATEGORY (OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE) FSame Training, Experience, Endorsements, and Testing* Requirements As Those for Initial Issuance (Knowledge Test Exception) 61. 63(b)

ADDITIONAL CLASS RATINGS (OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE) FNeed NOT Meet the Training Requirements Listed for Initial Certificate Issuance (61. 109 & 61. 129) FKnowledge Test Exception 61. 63(c)(4)&(5)

ADDITIONAL TYPE RATINGS (OTHER THAN ON AN ATP CERTIFICATE) F Instrument Rating -- Hold, or Concurrently Obtain -- in Category, Class, & Type AND Demonstrate Instrument Competency During the Practical Test. F “VFR ONLY” Limitation Is Allowed Only For Aircraft’s Inability to Perform IFR Due to Type Certificate or Equipment 61. 63(d) & (h)

SPINABLE AIRCRAFT 61. 49(B) Flight Instructor - - If Failure Was Related To Stall Awareness, Spin Entry, Spins, or Spin Recovery MUST Demonstrate SPINS

FTraining Time 61. 1(b)(15) 61. 51

FTraining Time –Authorized Instructor –In Flight or Simulator / Training Device, or Ground Training –Logbook Endorsed in a Legible Manner –Description and Length, Signature, Certificate Number, and Expiration Date 61. 1(b)(15) 61. 51

Flight Simulator FFull Size Cockpit Replica of Specific Type, Make, Model, Series FMotion & Visual Flight Training Device FFull Size Cockpit or Flight Deck Replica of set of aircraft 61. 1(b)(5)&(7)

QUALIFICATION & APPROVAL OF FLIGHT SIMULATOR / TRAINING DEVICE F Each Must Be Qualified & Approved by the Administrator F Any Device Approved Prior to Aug. 1, 1996 For Training, Testing, or Checking May Continue to Be Used Provided –Functions As Originally Designed –Limited to / Used for the Same Purposes 61. 4

14 CFR SECTION 61. 4 C THE ADMINISTRATOR MAY APPROVE A DEVICE OTHER THAN A FLIGHT SIMULATOR OR FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

AFS-800 ASEL - JEPPESEN SANDERSON ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION TEACHWARE TECHNOLOGIES ASEL & AMEL - PRECISION FLIGHT CONTROL ASEL & AMEL - AVIATION SUPPLY AND ACADEMICS

AC 61 -126 ACCEPTABLE USE OF PCATD PART 61 PART 141 **10 HOURS

CROSS COUNTRY FGeneral: Certificated Pilot, - In Aircraft, Landing(s) - Use Navigation F Minimum Distance For Aeronautical Experience Requirements u 50 nm in Airplane & Power Lift u 25 nm in Rotorcraft 61. 1(b)(3)

CROSS-COUNTRY For Private, Commercial, Instrument, or Recreational Privileges. u. At Least One Landing Beyond- (50 Nm Airplane or 25 NM Rotorcraft) 30 NM A B 51 NM 21 N M C 61. 1(b)(3)

CROSS-COUNTRY F Eligibility for Airline Transport Pilot u. Landing Not Required (Except rotorcraft) u. Flight beyond - (50/25) - Radius Required (“Short” X/Cs Logged Before 8/4/97 Are Grandfathered) 51 nm A

MISCELLANEOUS

61. 51 PILOT LOGBOOKS FAcceptable to the Administrator FStudent May Log Pilot-In-Command When: –Sole Occupant –Has Solo Flight Endorsement –Training or Experience for a Pilot Certificate or Aircraft Rating

61. 57 RECENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE: IFR Within Preceding 6 Calendar Months: F 6 Approaches FHolding Procedures FIntercepting & Tracking Courses Using Navigation Systems

TYPE RATINGS ELEVATED TO ATP CERTIFICATE Type Ratings From Private or Commercial Certificate ==> ATP FSame Category and Class FVFR Limitation Carries Forward 61. 157(d)

61. 75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE

61. 75 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATE ISSUED ON BASIS OF A FOREIGN PILOT LICENSE FU. S. Restricted Private Pilot Certificates ONLY. FBy FSDO Only Restricted Commercial

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES QFOUR METHODS: QPractical test QPresent Records of Training QPresent Records Regarding Position QFlight Instructor Refresher Clinic

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES QPractical Test QFor One of Ratings Held QFor Additional Flight Instructor Rating

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES Q Record of Training at Least 5 Students in Preceding 24 Calendar Months Q At Least 80 % Successful on First Attempt

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES QPresent Records (Preceding 24 months) of: Company Check Pilot, Chief Flight Instructor, or Instructor / Evaluator in 121 or 135 Operation Q

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES QFIRC Graduation Certificate QWithin Preceding 3 Calendar Months

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES Q Expiration Month Shall Be 24 Calendar Months From The Month Within Which: Q Check Ride Is Taken Q Records or Graduation Certificate Are Presented OR

61. 197 RENEWAL OF VALID FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES Q Expiration Month Shall Be 24 Calendar Months Beyond the Expiration Shown - (Same Month) Q --- Provided the Renewal Action Is Within Three Calendar Months Preceding the Month of Expiration

CURRENT REGULATIONS? FRON TAKES ONE MORE SHOT

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