12 ANGRY Men Reginald Rose Information about the play • What is a play? • What is a trial?
What is a Play? Any type of reading that is performed on stage. l This includes: l Dramas l Comedies l Musicals l Tragedies l
What is a Drama? One of the major forms of literature l Intended to be performed on stage in front of an audience l It includes stage directions and dialogue between characters l
STAGE DIRECTIONS l Instructions for the director, actors, and stage crew l Set apart in the script using (parentheses) and Italics l Describe the scenery (items on stage that create setting) and what the props are (objects the actors use)
DIALOGUE l Conversation between characters One of the most important things about a drama/play is that it uses dialogue. l During the play, the dialogue tells us about the plot and characters’ personalities. l We know who the speaker is because the name of the speaker is bolded in front of what the speaker says. l
What’s a Trial? l There are several parts to a trial. Jury Selection l Opening statements l Prosecution’s case (“good guy”) l Defense’s case (the defendant “bad guy”) l Closing statements l Jury instructions l Jury deliberation and verdict l
The Jury l Consists of 12 citizens l They are interviewed and personally selected for the case based on their views and responses to questions l They decide the verdict for the defendant l They must come to a unanimous decision for the verdict l Meaning: all 12 persons need to agree on a guilty or not guilty charge
REASONABLE DOUBT l “beyond a reasonable doubt” is the term the court uses l Simply put, this means that there is no doubt, in a reasonable person’s mind, that the defendant is guilty. l Most importantly used in murder cases when the defendant’s life is on the line. l Meaning, that the evidence presented is air-tight.
CIRCUMSTANSTIAL EVIDENCE l Evidence based on the circumstances l Basically, it’s not the best type of evidence. l It is largely based on inferences and indirectly proves a fact. l EX: I buy a blouse. You steal the same blouse from a friend of ours. Because I wear the blouse in public the next day, circumstantial evidence says I stole it.
El Train l Short for ELEVATED Train l Usually found in large cities like Chicago and New York City l Basically, a metro station above the ground
1957, New York l Last year in the 10 year “GOLDEN AGE” of Baseball l Although women are granted the right to sit on a jury in 1947, it is a state-by-state decision, and on a volunteer basis (women aren’t forced to be on a jury) l Boxing and Baseball are the hot sports; many attend baseball games and the Friday Fight Nights
Dempsey-Firpo Fight (pg. 42) l l l Famous boxing fight that took place in 1923. Dempsey was the reining heavyweight champ. Firpo put up a good fight, and he knocked Dempsey out of the ring. Dempsey suffered a blow to the head, and there was a scandal around how slow the ref counted and how Dempsey got back into the ring Dempsey eventually won the match.
Khrushchev (pg. 50) l Nikita Khrushchev was a Soviet Union Communist leader l Boorish- served for the Bolsheviks in Russia l Was convinced that the communist ways were going to take over the west (America)… not so much…
J. Walter Thompson (pg. 68) l Successful advertising agent in the early 1900’s l He is credited as the "father of modern magazine advertising" in the US. l Thompson is responsible for some enduring brand images in popular culture, like the Rock of Gibraltar used for the Prudential Insurance Company
Clarence Darrow (pg. 70) l Famous American lawyer l Leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union l Most famous for defending the two killers, Leopold and Loeb: two teens charged for the murder of a 14 year old boy; they were aiming to create “the perfect murder”. l No such luck: both got life sentences
WHERE DO YOU STAND? Ethics and Values
l Suppose you knew that everyone around you was thinking one way; the opposite of how you were thinking. l Would you still stand up for what you believed, or would you go along with the crowd?
l Suppose someone tells you that your best friend gossips about you behind your back. l Would l Talk you: to your friend l Investigate the situation (i. e. consider the source, go over the facts) l Never talk to your best friend again
l Is there ever a good enough reason to give someone the death penalty?
l Suppose someone tells your mom they saw you smoking. l Your mom kicks you out of the house without even talking to you about it. l Fair? Unfair? Why not?
l Have you ever, even in jest, said, “I’m gonna kill you!”? l Now, suppose that person that you said that to turned up dead later that day (they had, indeed, been killed). l Is that reason enough to send you to jail for life?
l Imagine a time that you have been really ticked off. l While you were mad: Did you listen to music? Did you watch a movie? l If so, can you remember the song or the title of the movie? Why or why not?
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