11 th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense

11 th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities/Colleges/Institutions Meeting 9 -11 October 2007 Canberra, Australia TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES Commodore Carlos L Agustin AFP (Ret) President, National Defense College of the Philippines

Brief Historical Background 1957: SEATO War College in Philippines during SEATO Military Advisors’ Meeting in Canberra, Australia 1963: EO 44 created the National Defense College of the AFP under CSAFP 1973: PD 190: NDCP authorized to confer MNSA and transferred from the AFP to the DND 1987: New Constitution affected leadership position 1999: Executive Order 85 created Institutes other than the Institute of Academics 2006: Philippine Defense Reform initiated 2007: New regulations issued; PDR Program started

Organizational Structure Academic Board of Admission Financial & Mgmt Division Department of Administrative Affairs Office of the President Office of the Executive Vice President Military Affairs Office General Services Division ICTO PIO Department of Academic Affairs National Security Institute Admin Division Strategic Studies Group Dept of Research & Special Studies Institute for Foreign Languages Registrar and Alumni Affairs Office Planning Office Crisis Mgmt Institute Library/ Databank Institute for National Security Studies Defense Mgmt Institute

I. Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces II. Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education III. Conclusion: The Way Forward in Defense Education

I. INTRODUCTION: THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES Ø Additional roles apart from territorial defense Ø The 21 st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment Ø Threats involve challenges from internal and external sources of instability

• Internal security operations • Counter-terrorism • Disaster response • Support to national development • International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations • Others

• Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) • Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups • Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

CPP/NPA Personnel Strength, Firearms, Affected Barangays, and Guerilla Fronts (1978 -1 st Sem of 2006) Strength Firearms Affected Brgys Guerilla Fronts Source: J 2

1. Delivery of basic services in rebel -infested areas 1. Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program 2. Performance of certain critical government functions 1. Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS) 2. Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas 3. Support to national infrastructure development 1. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation 2. Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones 4. Other services 1. Conflict Resolution and Peace Building

• Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART) • Assistance to disaster affected areas • Search and rescue operations • Transport of relief supplies • Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area

FT HA T GH D RI N HA LE ND Poverty Underdevelopment Lack of Education Lack of Basic Services H RI HA G H ND T LE FT ND A

MINUSTAH UNMIT Haiti Timor-Leste Troops: 157 Military Observers: 3 UNMIL Liberia Troops: 170 Military Observers: 3 UNMIS UNOCI Sudan Military Observers 13 Cote d’Ivoire Troops: 3 Military Observers: 2 TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351

II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION “The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps. ” – Samuel Huntington

National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP) Command General Staff College (CGSC) Air Education and Training and Naval Education and Training Command Doctrine Command Training Command (AETC) (TRADOC) (NETC) Philippine Military Academy (PMA) and other Pre-Commission Training Institutions

Professional Military Education inand curriculum review: the Philippines Policy Ø AFP Education and Training Board § Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services’ schools) § Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements § Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews Ø DND Special Committee on Education and Training § Review various education and training programs of the DNDAFP § Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements § Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews Ø Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR)

• “National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military” • Whole-of-government approach • Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects: ØNational Security ØPolicy Studies ØHuman Rights ØDevelopment and Economics

Ø First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers Ø Objectives: § Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation § Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development Ø Next CAPSTONE Course in November 2007

Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training Ø AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education Ø Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy Ø Promotion of greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach Ø Consideration of human rights and CMO education as priorities

• To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP • To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel • As a requirement for promotion within the AFP

Functions: • Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers • Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers • Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment (Established 2002)

Ø United States § IMET § Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT § Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRB) Ø Australia § Educational exchanges and scholarships § Joint Exercises: CARACHA, LUMBAS Ø Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, India, Japan, ROK, EU and ASEAN)

• Strengthen linkage of education and training to the defense mission • Institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms • Create “a strong, capable and responsive” Philippine defense establishment based on the findings of the Joint Defense Assessment (JDA) • Address current and future threats • Foster a secure environment conducive to national development

1. 2. 3. Multi-year Defense Planning System Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity Improved Logistics Capacity 4. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 5. 6. 7. Improvement of Personnel Management Systems Multi-year Capability Upgrade Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls 8. Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition 9. Development of Strategic Communication 10. Information Management Development

“Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force”

• Standardization of training, education and leadership courses • Review and improvement of existing career systems • Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement • Development of institutional certain critical areas

Ø Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies needed : • Defense resource management • Strategic communication • Acquisition • Project management • Strategic planning • Multi-year budgeting • Change management • Information management

• Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel, including up to USEC level • Attract, recruit and train new personnel • Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers • Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development

III. THE WAY FORWARD IN DEFENSE EDUCATION • Harness the power of technology • Active collaboration among defense educational institutions • Robust Defense-academe/industry partnership

“The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past. ” -British Sec of War Lord RB Haldane (1856 -1928)

Thank you and Mabuhay! www. ndcp. edu. ph