1 V CV a

1 V; CV a [ [ [ ] ] came mate sane [æ] [i: ] she these legal [ ] o [ [e] ] ] u [ ] [u: ] [ju: ] [a: ] [ [ [ box frog stop [Λ] [υ] us cup jump [ ] [ here zero [ ] [ ] [ ] fur burn turn fire admire directory bored ignore snore [ ] [ ] ] ] [ [ port torn forks [ ] ] [ [ [ ] ] ] [ [] dared Mary square ] ] bird dirty girl [ ] [] [ ] [ ] ] ] [ [ her Bert fern [ [ [ ] ] [Λ][Λ][Λ] [u: ] use student music dip little stick [ [ star arm part [ ] [ [ [ ] ] ] [ [] [] ] [ bed fell pencil [a: ] [ ][ ][ ] bone hole sofa cat gas fact 4 r. V [a: ][a: ] [e][e][e] [ [ [ ] ] ] bite five my [æ] 3 r [æ][æ][æ] [i: ][i: ] e i y 2 C; CC [ ] ] [] pure mature secure ]

b [b] c bakes bags bark bear boat ball bed big [h] [-] [s] e, i, y h hazel hour hat honest hard hear qu [kw] [k] December dance civil bicycle cane call coat cup j [ ] d k [k] jam July Jess jump jeep joke Joe join kitten ask kite desk key risked cook diskette [r] [d] [ queen question squeak exquisite square cheque [k] squares queue rains rotten train zero grass run free fruit s safe cheese sold rise cats poison base resort [f] fat fast fog fee l m [l] [m] [s] [z] r ] day do soldier dazzle does dance door dared dip flee last little place please look legal able t [t] taxi told turn bite star stop stupid cost g f fell few safe fur [g] ] e, i, y [ general age original biology gas go ago gull n p [n] [p] mate come bananas nine map memory normal chin March mirror note join Mary music nose bent pack port put pig v w x [v] [w] [ks] [gz] sports aspects crisps spoon z [z] vet view away won axe exact zip civil valley wood work box example zoo given five well worm six co-exist lazy gave live week warm texts luxurious pizza[ts]

a[ ] age, grade, cane, case, sale , safe, e [i: ] i y Sweden, Swedish, these, people, [ ] arrival, bite, divide, glide, bakes, base, Canadian, crane, flame extreme, intervene, obedient guide, ignite, price, type [æ] any, apple, bags, catch, chasm, fat, [e] bend, checks, chess, left, pen, [ ] drip, drizzle, mirror, pinch, clash, Canada, Japan, lamp, land, map accept, competitive, deception fridge, children, picture [a: ] card, cart, hard, harm, parcel, start, [ ]person, personal, concern, divert. [ ] dirty, flirt, shirts, thirsty, starve, pardon, garden, artist, stars allergic, adverbial, anniversary birthday, virtual, Pat’s skirt [ ] carefree, carefully, compare, variant, [ ] here, zero, sincere, atmosphere, [ ] admire, desirable, retirement, directory, square, squares incoherent, mysterious ai/ ay[ ] claim, drain, pain, bay, sail, play ee/ea [i: ] bee, agree, fee, street i bl/nd/ ld/ gn[ ] Bible, behind, sign, resign air [ ] fair, hair, airport, pair, stairs, Claire eat, east, repeat, seat, easy, preach ya, ye, yi [j] yet, year ea d/f/th/nt [e] dead, deafen a nge/ste/bl [ ] interchange, bread, feather, dread, measure, pleasure [ ] phone, hotѐl, note, those, woke, ago, demote, photo dangerous, able, table, changeable ear[ ]ear, appearance, beard a ss/sk/st/sp/ft/th/nt [a: ] pass, glass, [ ]bear, pear [ ] frog, bottle, fog, doctor, cost, hospital, coffee shop ask, past, fast, grasped, after, bath, plants eer [ ]engineer, jeer, cheer, mountaineer airport, horse, sports, a ll / lk [ ] ball, calls, talk, walker ere[ [ ] ] there, where, somewhere shorts, inform, important au/ aw [ ] Paul, author, caught, cause ei/ey[ ] eight, beige, grey [ ] an orange, explore, glory ei/ey [i: ] key, deceive, receipt dawn, saw, jaw, awkwardness, cautious o m/n/v/th [Λ] come, loves, wa[ ] water, walk, warm, watch, what ieve [i: v] believe, achievement govern, discovery, other, mother ew [ju: ] few, new, view, newspaper oa[ ] boat, coal, goal, coat uniform, produce, assume, oar [ ] board [ju: ] consume, presume, studious [u: ] brew, chew, Jew[ ] sew o c/k u [u: ] fruit, glue [Λ] up, drug, hut, hunt, button, clutch, Russia, industrial, impulsive, sudden [υ] put, full, push, *sugar a, o, [ ] burn, fur, turn, nursery abstract pure, maturity, curiosity, author [ ] /[ furious, secure, security, luxurious button ]sure industry unstressed oi/oy [ ] join, toilet, poison, boy u, e[ ] i/y, e [ ] e oo [u: ] fool, gloom, tool, moon [-] able [υ] cook, foot, good [Λ] blood age oor[ ]door, floor ] old, cold, aspects biological defy bite o ld/lt/ll/lk/st[ told, gold, hold, ghost, postcard brother angry delicious ou/ow[ ] about, around, how calendar density early browse, shower, blouse bowl [ ] compete behind effective wo [wΛ] won *[wυ] wolf. woman

[t] bt doubt ch debt [ dg [fridge] -ed pistachio [k] ] [ ] chin ache cheese school pinch chasm achievement machine knowledge [d] [t] [ d] armed crossed empty-handed concerned grasped colour-coded begged helped ploughed pear-shaped frightened raced raised [g] k n gu guard ck [sick] kn [know] lm [ m ] calm sign ghost ignite lf/v [ f/v] half resign guess stick knife yoghurt eight signature foreign fight guide pack knee lk [ k ] talk, walk, folk significant guitar thick knot mb [ m ] mn ng [ŋ] nk [ŋk] ph [ f] ps [ s] -s [ z ] [ s ] [ z] bags aspects sizes [-] [ f] gn gh [ g ] bought laugh gn [ignore] bomb [ m ] comb climb autumn plumber column sc [s] scissors obscene obscenity sh [ gardening happening hoping shopping [ ] she ship fashion push isl hang wrong young knitting bank blink plank thankfully [ stle l] island aisle photo psychology phone elephant atmosphere [ sl ] castle whistle rh bananas bakes horses eyes carrots buses calls cats daisies th [r] rhyme rhetorical rheumatism rhino [ ] three an/ ous/ think of ate/ent thin [ r] [ [ ] [ n ] [ k ] thick ]/[ ] wrong measure action politician television cheque thumb wrapped picture tooth musician decision co-writer future measurement nation truth signature pleasure digestion especially invasion python departure substantial commercial illusion thirsty temperature differential delicious revision restructure partially spacious occasion wh [ w] wr whale what where when whistle h] who [n] -sure/ -tion/ -ci -ture ssure tial -sion -que [ ] that these those other brother mother father feather

[i: ] [ ] sheep ship leak lick cheeks chicks peel pill bean bin leave live [ ] [ [b] pin bin pen Ben pear bear cap cab pup pub Poppy Bobby [-] x pen men send gem bread ] [ four fur torn turn warm worm walker worker [p] [e] [æ] [h] burn fern Bert work flirt [æ] [Λ] ] bone phone boat woke float caught nought bought jaw ball ill hill mouse eel heel sum and hand sick old hold sink ear hear pass islands highlands ] cup hut cut bun come carp heart cart barn calm [i: ] [ ] [ Don cod shot pot fox spot ] [a: ] [ oil boil coin toy Roy bark Pa r cart heart [s] [z] [s] [ ] [ coat goat curl girl class glass back bag crow grow Sue zoo z c zip sip bus buzz piece peas price prize mouth thumb thick think path first thirst fin thin half heath [t] [ [e] [ ] tree three Dan tanks thanks day sheet sheath dare doze Ida ] [z] [ ][ pen pain ear shed shade beer edge age pier wet wait hear test taste tear pepper paper Cheers! ] [ ship c she Sue shoe sheep cheap sip sherry cherry shop chop ass ash sew show cash catch puss push watch ] [d] [ ] look Luke ten turn pull pool Ben burn full fool bed bird could cooed west worst would wooed buy bike pie eye kite height all ball corn tore roar ] [υ] [u: ] [e] [ Dawn cord short port forks sport e ear beer tear pea pier bead beard ] [f] [ coat note boat Joe bowl carp heart cart barn park [Λ] [a: ] [ ] [k] [g] do send card ride drain drunk [s] [ cap hat cat ban pack cup hut truck bun bug uncle [ ][ [t] [d] too sent cart write train trunk [æ] [a: ] cap hat track ban bag ankle axe pan man sand jam Brad ][ Minimal pairs ][ cheap choke riches cherries larch h than close clothe wing they breeze breathe thing there boos booth bang those size scythe rang rung either Ron wrong air bear pear hair tear chairs ] [v] [w] jeep joke ridges Jerry’s large age ] [n] [ŋ] ] v vest vet vine veil [l] long light load jelly fly glass we west wet wine whale [r] wrong right road Jerry fry grass

Stress shift It was controversial. She gave a controversial answer. Logical stress secondary stress primary stress Suffixes • don’t usually change the stress pattern: -able, -age, -al, -er, - ful, -less, - ness, - ous, - fy -ment Exceptions: the syllable before the suffix: -ious, -ulous, - orous, - eous • -ial, - ic, -ion, -ive, -ity the suffix: -ee, - eer, - ese, -ette • depends on the pre-suffix syllable: -ant, -ent, -ance, - ence • change the pronunciation of the vowel: • changes: • V, VC before the pre-suffix syl. VVC, VCC, y/i the pre-suffix sy

Prefixes unstressed prefixes : re – stressed (again)/ unstressed: • • stressed prefixes (nouns) : • the syllable after the prefix (most are adjectives) : • the first part (compound nouns) : • noun + -ing form + noun the first part (compound adjectives) : • one word noun + -ing form noun + past participle one-stress phrasal verbs verb + noun the second part (adjective + noun) : • adj + noun the second part (compound adjectives) : • noun + adjective adj + noun adj/adv + past participle adj + -ing form past participle + noun adj/adv + -ing form two-stress phrasal verbs Self-

weak forms unstressed vowels Phrasal stress

Linking sounds Rhythm

Syntagm Logical stress

Intonation

Sonnet 130 My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips' red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go; My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground: And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. HAMLET To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: