1 Types of industrial l lighting 2 Effect

1. Types of industrial; l lighting; 2. Effect of light on human body; 3. Rationing of artificial and natural lighting; 4. Creation of required condition of lighting on working place.

Eyesight – 80 % Insufficient lighting – 5% Bad lighting – 20 % EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE BODY The eye of human perseives the electromagnetic radiation as waves, rera diating by subjects and is transforming this signals in the visual images. Therefore, the visual images calls as light.

El. magnetic waves 380 - 760 Optimum condition of lighting ≤ 40 – 60 watt 20 + 20 W than 40 W

§ The main concepts characterizing of light are the light flux, strength of light, lighting and brightness. § The light flux Φ = Ф = W / t , energy. where is the W – phose of light energy, t – the fall time of light § The strength of light I = Φ light flux is emitted. / Ω, candela; where is the Ω - some angle from which the § Illumination E – the surface density of light flux defined as ratio of light flux ȹ to the square of object’s element E = Φ / S, lux. § § Reflection coefficient ρ – it characterizes ability of a surface to reflect of light flux falling on it: ρ = Φrefl / Φfall

Ф = W/t I = Ф/Ω L = I/(S × cosɑ) E = Ф/S Ρ = Фrefl/Фfall

Natural PRODUCTION ILLUMINATION Artificial Combine d

§ The natural lighting is carried out through windows of lateral walls, skylight or simultaneously via lateral windows and skylight. The shortcoming of lateral lighting is that production equipment prevents entrance of sunlight. Besides this, the light intensity can change. Therefore has necessity to rationing of lighting. The industrial lighting is rationed by coefficient of natural lighting and carried out by formula: Lateral ilumination Overhead lighting Combined lighting § CNL = (Eint / Eext) × 100%, § here the Eint – value of light in premise; Eext – value of external light.

Artificial lighting General lighting Combined lighting

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL LAMPS §The relatively simplicity in manufacture, convenience in use are advantages of incandescent lamps. The discharge lamps are also widely applied to illumination of production rooms. In comparison with incandescent lamps (fig. 1 a) they possess the increased light recoil, big service life (up to 10 000 h). One type of lamps used in quality of lighting source in industrial is the arc mercury lamp (Fig 1 b). The range of their radiation is close to a range of natural light. The fluorescent lamps (fig. 1 c) has long service life (up to 20000 h), but they are comprises some amount of mercury that has property of chemical danger. a b c Figure 1. Types of lamps a – incandescent; b – mercury arc; c – fluorescent

Emergency lighting Destination of lighting Evacuation lighting Sequrity lighting

Artificial lighting §