1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC FARMING IN DENMARK

1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC FARMING IN DENMARK Elisabeth Bjarløv - Research Assistent at the Danish Cultural Institute

2 What is Organic Farming? • Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control • An alternative to conventional farming • Focus on environment, health, animal welfare, sustainability, community • Less chemical fertilizers and additives • The ”Ø-stamp” http: //www. foedevarestyrelsen. dk/Leksikon/Sider/% C 3%98 -m%C 3%A 6 rket. aspx

3 Organic Conventional • Crop rotation • Use pesticides • Additives: 49 E-numbers • Additives: 379 E-numbers • More nutrients and flavor • Better life for animals • Protect groundwater • Diverse nature • No GMO (except for feed) • Overview over differences: http: //www. iloveoko. dk/forskellen/ grise. aspx • More water • Worse conditions for animals • Damage groundwater • Conform nature • Products genetically modified

4 History of Organic Farming • Experiments in 1920 s • More awareness in 1960 s • In 1981 – Union of Organic Farmers • 1982 – first products appear • 1987 – first laws

5 • The background for organic farming - Biodynamics • Principles formulated in 1924 • 1936 – Union of Biodynamic Farmers • 1963 – First rules for biodynamic farming • 1985 – “Demeter-stamp” • Biodynamic farming the only alternative

6 • 1970 s – Organic methods developed – more purely scientific • 1955: 100 BD farmers. 2000: 40 • Today – BD farms all over the world • Growing interest for biodynamic farming

7 Differences between Organic and Biodynamic Organic Biodynamics • Organic • Purely scientific • Extension of scientific • Focus on nutrients • Focus on life forces • Farm is “just” a farm • Farm a living “whole” • No preparations • Special preparations • Farm animals not a demand • Farm animals a demand • Additives: 38 (Conventional: 374) • Additives: 10

8 Biodynamic methods • Preparations: - 8 different preparations: 6 of them for the compost, 2 of them for the field • Influences of the cosmos – sun, moon and planets • Compost preparations: • Yarrow (Røllike, тысячелистник обыкновенный) • Nettle (Brændenælde, крапива) • Oak bark (Egebark, кора дуба) • Chamomile flower (Kamilleblomst, ромашки цветок) • Valerian (Baldrian, валериана) • Dandelion flower (Mælkebøtte blomst, одуванчика цветок) • Humus preparation • Silica preparation

9 Biodynamic gardening • Its possible!

10 Organic today • 1780 km 2 farmed land is organically grown • 7 % of agricultural area • Danes products – 8 % organic • Future goals

11 The Organic marketshare

12 Biodynamic farming in statistics

13 Certified Demeter operations in member countries of Demeter. International (DI), 06/2015 ha farms processors distributors Austria 5. 657 184 31 2 Brazil 2. 833 51 16 14 Denmark 2. 279 32 6 8 Egypt 2. 438 133 2 6 Finland 400 18 5 6 France 9. 873 439 31 38 Germany 72. 588 1. 476 368 56 Great Britain 4. 309 96 38 9 Italy 11. 524 388 50 30 Luxembourg 554 9 2 1 The Netherlands 5. 948 134 74 21 New Zealand 1. 003 23 5 1 Norway 532 22 9 3 Slovenia 141 34 1 1 Spain 4. 465 75 10 3 Sweden 812 15 3 5 Switzerland 4. 196 250 97 29 USA 4. 195 107 54 24 total 133. 747 3. 486 802 257

14 Links • http: //organicrussia. dk/en/

15 СПАСИБО!