1 PROVING HIV INFECTION IN MOTHERS AND BABIES

1 PROVING HIV INFECTION IN MOTHERS AND BABIES The Perth Group Western Australia www. theperthgroup. com www. virusmyth. net/aids/perthgroup vturner@westnet. com. au This file has speaker notes

2 PROVING HIV INFECTION IN MOTHERS AND BABIES A more detailed analysis of this problem is available at www. virusmyth. net/aids/perthgroup In the Nevirapine presentation

3 DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION IN MOTHERS ANTIBODY TESTS • Blood sample • HIV proteins • Technique (ELISA and Western blot)

4 HIV PROTEINS Montagnier 1983 & Gallo 1984 Claimed to have isolated/purified a retrovirus HIV by separating it from everything else including proteins in cell cultures Barré-Sinoussi, F et al. (1983). “Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). ” Science 220: 868 -71. Gallo, RC et al. (1984). “Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. ” Science 224: 500 -503.

5 WHY NO PICTURES OF “PURIFIED VIRUS”? Montagnier videotaped interview at Pasteur Institute 18 th July 1997 Copyright to and available from Djamel Tahi <djamel@hotmail. com> Text of interview published in Continuum (1998) 5: 30 -34. www. virusmyth. com/aids/data/dtinterviewlm. htm

6 MONTAGNIER ON MONTAGNIER AND GALLO No particles “typical of retroviruses” in “purified virus” “Did Gallo purify? “Gallo? . . I don’t know if he really purified. I don’t believe so” Montagnier interview at Pasteur Institute July 1997 Continuum (1998) 5: 30 -34. www. virusmyth. com/aids/data/dtinterviewlm. htm

7 MONTAGNIER DID NOT ISOLATE/PURIFY HIV “I repeat, we did not purify” Montagnier interview at Pasteur Institute July 1997 Continuum (1998) 5: 30 -34. www. virusmyth. com/aids/data/dtinterviewlm. htm

8 Bess JW, Gorelick RJ, Bosche WJ, Henderson LE, Arthur LO. Microvesicles are a source of contaminating cellular proteins found in purified HIV-1 preparations. Virology 1997; 230: 134 -144.

9 HIV PROTEINS IN NORMAL HUMAN PLACENTA p 18/p 24/p 120 “Placentae from 25 normal term pregnancies were collected by vaginal delivery. . . Antigens gp 120 and p 17 were identified in normal chorionic villi…Antigen p 24…in villous mesenchymal cells. . . localized to HLA-DR positive cells” Faulk, WP et al (1991). “HIV proteins in normal human placentae. ” American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 25: 99 -104.

10 THE “HIV” PROTEINS p 41/p 120/p 160 Montagnier considers p 41 to be cellular actin p 160, p 120 in “HIV” WB are oligomers of p 41 Pinter AW et al (1989). “Oligomeric structure of gp 41, the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Journal of Virology 63: 2674 -9. Zolla‑Pazner S et al (1989). Reinterpretation of Human Immunodeficiency virus Western Blot patterns. NEJM 320: 1280‑ 1281.

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12 Bess et al National Cancer Institute USA “We agree that you can come to the conclusion from gel electrophoresis patterns that there are only quantitative differences between HIV and [cellular] microvesicles” “We have been unsuccessful in separating microvesicles from HIV” Bess, J. W. , R. J. Gorelick, et al. (1997). Email correspondence August 2000 re Microvesicles are a source of contaminating cellular proteins found in purified HIV-1 preparations. Virology 230: 134 -144

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14 AUTO-ANTIBODIES IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS Immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, anti‑cardiolipin, anti‑nuclear factor, anti‑cellular, anti‑platelet, anti‑red cell, anti‑actin, anti‑DNA, anti‑tubulin, anti‑thyroglobulin, anti‑albumin, anti‑myosin, anti‑trinitrophenyl anti‑thymosin, anti -lactoferrin, anti-TNF-α, anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I, antiprothrombin, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-ss. DNA, anti. RNA, anti-histones, anti-nuclear antigen SS-A, antimitochondrial, anti-reticulin, anti-smooth muscle, anti-gut epithelial cell, anti-lymphocytic ganglioside, anti-Fab, antiprotein S, anti-brain proteins, anti-synthetic peptides of ubiquitinated histone H 2 A, anit-Sm-D antigen, anti-U 1 -A RNP antigen, anti-60 k. D SSA/Ro antigen, anti-histone H 1 and antihistone H 2 B antibodies. Anti‑lymphocyte auto‑antibodies in 87% of seropositives.

15 ANTIBODY CROSS-REACTIVITY • Hypergammaglobulinaemia predicts seropositivity* • Antibodies directed against fungi and mycobacteria cross -react with HIV proteins • Fungal and mycobacterial diseases are the indicator diseases present in 90% of AIDS patients • Kashala et al 1995 advised caution using Western blot in high prevalence mycobacterial areas *Brenner, B. , S. Schwartz, et al. (1991). “The prevalence and interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B infections in Israeli hemophiliacs. ” Israel journal of medical sciences 27: 557 -561.

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ENV WESTERN BLOT STRIP p 160 p 120 p 41 AFR AUS FDA RCX CDC CON GER UK FRA MAC 2 1 ANY 2 ANY 1 1 p 160/ ANY p 120 AND 1 p 41 p 160/ p 120 OR p 41 p 160/ p 120 ANY OR 1 p 41 ANY ALL 1 3 GAG p 55 p 39 p 24 p 18 ANY 1 p 32 AND AND OR p 32 p 24 ANY 1 GAG OR POL p 32 ANY 3 GAG OR POL p 53 NONE ESSEINTIAL POL p 68 p 32 ANY 1 AND OR p 24 ANY 1 OR ANY STRONG BAND 17 3 WEAK BANDS HIV

18 GOLD STANDARD HIV ITSELF HIV ISOLATION/PURIFICATION

19 ANTIBODY DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDREN Additional problem Persistence of maternal antibodies in infant

20 Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. The European Collaborative Study. (1988). Lancet ii: 1039 -43.

21 CDC 2000 Revised AIDS Surveillance Definition “In adults, adolescents, and children infected by other than perinatal exposure, plasma viral RNA nucleic acid tests should NOT be used in lieu of licensed HIV screening tests (e. g. , repeatedly reactive enzyme immunoassay)” (emphasis in original). “HIV nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) detection tests are the virologic methods of choice to exclude infection in children aged <18 months” (“Positive results on two separate specimens) (emphasis added). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Reports 1999; 48 (RR-13): 1 -27, 29 -31.

22 Roche Laboratories “The Amplicor HIV-1 [RNA] Monitor test is not intended to be used as a screening test for HIV-1 or as a diagnostic test to confirm the presence of HIV-1 infection” Roche Diagnostic Systems, 06/96, 13 -08088 -001. Packet Insert

Recommendations: 1. The public should be informed there is a scientific problem. 2. A small, international conference or a congressional review of the scientific evidence for and against the HIV theory of AIDS. In the presence of highly regarded, international, disinterested adjudicators, not all scientists, and of Nobel Laureate standard. Acceptable to both sides of the debate and the conveners. 3. Funding dissident scientists to undertake experiments to prove or disprove the HIV theory. A relatively inexpensive undertaking. 4. To be conducted and concluded this year. 5. A moratorium on HIV testing until results are known.