1 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Concepts Copyright 2012

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Количество слайдов: 21

Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Explain the principles and purposes of clusters • Describe Cluster hardware best practices • Describe the Oracle Clusterware architecture • Describe how Grid Plug and Play affects Clusterware 1 -2 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Grid Infrastructure ASM and Oracle Clusterware installed into a single home directory called the Grid Infrastructure home. 1 -3 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What Is a Cluster? • • 1 -4 A group of independent, but interconnected, computers that act as a single system Usually deployed to increase availability and performance or to balance a dynamically changing workload Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What Is Clusterware? Software that provides various interfaces and services for a cluster. Typically, this includes capabilities that: • Allow the cluster to be managed as a whole • Protect the integrity of the cluster • Maintain a registry of resources across the cluster • Deal with changes to the cluster • Provide a common view of resources 1 -5 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Clusterware is: • A key part of Oracle Grid Infrastructure • Integrated with Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) • The basis for ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) • A foundation for Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) • A generalized cluster infrastructure for all kinds of applications 1 -6 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Clusterware Architecture and Services • • Shared disk cluster architecture supporting application load balancing and failover Services include: – – – – 1 -7 Cluster management Node monitoring Event services Time synchronization Network management High availability Cluster Interconnect Link Aggregation (HAIP) Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Goals for Oracle Clusterware • • • 1 -8 Easy installation Easy management Continuing tight integration with Oracle RAC ASM enhancements with benefits for all applications No additional clusterware required Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Clusterware Networking • • • Each node must have at least two network adapters. Each public network adapter must support TCP/IP. The interconnect adapter must support: – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Reliable Data Socket (RDS) for UNIX and Linux for database communication – TCP for Windows platforms for database communication • All platforms use Grid Interprocess Communication (GIPc). Public network NIC 1 NIC 2 1 -9 NIC 1 NIC 2 Interconnect: Private network Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Grid Naming Service • • • GNS is an integral component of Grid Plug and Play. The only static IP address required for the cluster is the GNS virtual IP address. The cluster subdomain is defined as a delegated domain. [root@my-dns-server ~]# cat /etc/named. conf // Default initial "Caching Only" name server configuration. . . # Delegate to gns on cluster 01. example. com #cluster sub-domain# NS cluster 01 -gns. example. com # Let the world know to go to the GNS vip cluster 01 -gns. example. com 192. 0. 2. 155 #cluster GNS Address • • 1 - 11 A request to resolve cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com would be forwarded to the GNS on 192. 0. 2. 155. Each node in the cluster runs a multicast DNS (m. DNS) process. Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Single-Client Access Name • The single-client access name (SCAN) is the address used by clients connecting to the cluster. The SCAN is a fully qualified host name located in the GNS subdomain registered to three IP addresses. • # dig @192. 0. 2. 155 cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com. . . ; ; QUESTION SECTION: ; cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com. IN A ; ; ANSWER SECTION: cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com. 120 IN A 192. 0. 2. 244 cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com. 120 IN A 192. 0. 2. 246 cluster 01 -scan. cluster 01. example. com. 120 IN A 192. 0. 2. 245 ; ; AUTHORITY SECTION: cluster 01. example. com. 10800 IN A 192. 0. 2. 155 ; ; SERVER: 192. 0. 2. 155#53(192. 0. 2. 155) • 1 - 12 The SCAN provides a stable, highly available name for clients to use, independent of the nodes that make up the cluster. Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Grid Plug and Play • • In previous releases, adding or removing servers in a cluster required extensive manual preparation. In Oracle Database 11 g Release 2, GPn. P allows each node to perform the following tasks dynamically: – Negotiating appropriate network identities for itself – Acquiring additional information from a configuration profile – Configuring or reconfiguring itself using profile data, making host names and addresses resolvable on the network • To add a node, simply connect the server to the cluster and allow the cluster to configure the node. 1 - 14 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GPn. P Domain • The GPn. P domain is a collection of nodes belonging to a single cluster served by the GPn. P service: – Cluster name: cluster 01 – Network domain: example. com – GPn. P domain: cluster 01. example. com • Each node participating in a GPn. P domain has the following characteristics: – At least one routable interface with connectivity outside of the GPn. P domain for the public interface – A unique identifier that is unique within the GPn. P domain – A personality affected by the GPn. P profile, physical characteristics, and software image of the node 1 - 15 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GPn. P Components Software image • A software image is a read-only collection of software to be run on nodes of the same type. • At a minimum, the image must contain: – – 1 - 16 An operating system The GPn. P software A security certificate from the provisioning authority Other software required to configure the node when it starts up Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

GPn. P Profile The profile. xml file: $ cat GRID_HOME/gpnp/profiles/peer/profile. xml . . . g. IBakmt. UNi 9 EVW/XQo. E 1 mym 3 Bnw=. . . cgw 3 yh. P/2 o. Em 5 DJzdachtf. DMb. Er 2 RSf. FFUl. Zuj. Lemn. Ogs. M. . . = 1 - 17 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Automatic Storage Management (ASM) • • • ASM is a volume manager and file system. ASM operates efficiently in both clustered and nonclustered environments. ASM is installed in the Grid Infrastructure home separate from the Oracle Database home. Application File system ASM Logical Volume Manager Operating system Hardware 1 - 18 Operating system Hardware Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

ASM: Key Features and Benefits • • 1 - 19 Stripes files rather than logical volumes Provides redundancy on a file basis Enables online disk reconfiguration and dynamic rebalancing Reduces the time significantly to resynchronize a transient failure by tracking changes while disk is offline Provides adjustable rebalancing speed Is cluster-aware Supports reading from mirrored copy instead of primary copy for extended clusters Is automatically installed as part of the Grid Infrastructure Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

ASM and Grid Infrastructure • • ASM provides enterprise-class shared storage for Oracle RAC databases. OCR and voting disks can be stored in Oracle ASM. – Storing OCR and the voting disk on Oracle ASM eliminates the need for third-party cluster volume managers. • • 1 - 20 Only one Oracle ASM instance is supported on a server. When managing an ASM instance, the administration activity must be performed in the Grid Infrastructure home. Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Quiz Which of the following statements regarding Grid Naming Service is not true? a. GNS is an integral component of Grid Plug and Play. b. Each node in the cluster runs a multicast DNS (m. DNS) process. c. The GNS virtual IP address must be assigned by DHCP. d. The cluster subdomain is defined as a delegated domain. 1 - 21 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: • Explain the principles and purposes of clusters • Describe Cluster hardware best practices • Describe the Oracle Clusterware architecture • Describe how Grid Plug and Play affects Clusterware 1 - 23 Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.