1 LIBRARY MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONAL MECHANISMS 美国图书馆的管理与运营 QI CHEN 2011 5 -6
Outline 提纲 2 The basis of American public libraries 图书馆的基础 American public libraries system 美国公共图书馆系统 Library management and personnel图书馆管理和人员 Library funding图书馆资金来源 The role of library associations图书馆协会的作用 American Library Association 美国图书馆 State and regional library association 洲和地区图书馆协会
American Libraries美国图书馆 3 Academic Libraries (higher educational institutions) Public Libraries 公共图书馆 School Libraries (Kindergarten through grade 12) 高校图书馆 学校图书馆（幼儿园至 12年级） Special Libraries (Dept. libraries in higher educational institutions: medical, theological, scientific, law) 专业图书馆（有一些在高等院校设立，如医学，神学， 科学，法律图书馆）
Organizational Basis of American Public Library 美国图书馆的组织基础 4 Public library is based on the needs of the community 基于社区的需要 More public libraries are available in large metropolitan areas 大都市有更多得图书馆 School districts 学区 County or state regions, or cities 洲, 县, 市所在地
Legal Basis of Public Library 美国图书馆的法律基础 5 Library Law and legislation of US 图书馆法和美国法律 Constitutional –from the people 宪法- 来源于人们 Statutory – enacted by legislative body – congress…法定的- 如制定立法机构 -国会等 Administrative legislatures, county commissions, city councils. 行政议会，县委员会，市议会
Public Library Management 美国公共图书馆的管理 6 State grant the right to city, village, or district to establish a library 州政府通过各种法律所建立的一个公共图书馆为本 社区, 城区, 或本地区的居民提供服务 To levy taxes & determine the structure and powers of the library board州政府通过征税和确定和图书馆 委员会的结构和权力
图书馆在伊利诺宜州地产税中(举例） Illinois Compiled Statutes Ch. 75: Libraries (Example) 一个芝加哥居民房地产税2006年帐单中的一部分 A Report in a Chicago Resident Property Tax Statement 图书馆 表明政府是如何使用房地产税的，与每个方面直接挂钩。 居民据此可向当地政府表示是否同意。
Purpose of a Public library Purpose 建立公共图书馆 8 The economic gap between “haves “ and “have nots” 缩小有无产者间的 差距 Increase diversity and growth of the populations 提高人口和人员多元化 Quality of education and literacy 人口文化程度 Technology benefits and challenges 享受技术迎接挑战 Partnership and collaboration 与各界合作 Staying relevant – providing services and programs responsive to the community and having the community aware of them 紧跟形势, 提供服务和方案回应社区, 使社区对他们有所了解 Make sure the residents gain all kinds of necessary information they need. 确保居民获得各种社区信息
Establishing a Public Library 公共图书馆 Equity of Access 平等使用图书馆资源和享受图书馆服务的机会 Gateway to knowledge 知识之门 Lifelong learning 提供终身学习的资源 Intellectual freedom 提供追求知识的自由 Community and information center，meeting the needs of local communities 社区和信息中心 Quality of life 提高个人及社区的生活质量
Public Library Services 公共图书馆服务 10 公共图书馆八种功能: Community activities Ctr 社区活动中心、 Community information Ctr. 社区资讯中心、 Formal education support Ctr 正规教育支持中心、 Independent Learning Ctr 独立自学中心、 Popular materials library 通俗资料图书馆、 Preschoolers door to learning 学龄前儿童学习入门、 Reference Library 参考图书馆、 Research Ctr. 研究中心
Public Library System 美国公共图书馆管理系统 11 Hierarchy system等级管理系统 There may be one public library in a community or there may be a public library system. A public library system administers 该系统一个图书馆，可 以包括： library, 中心图书馆 Branch library, 分馆 bookmobile, 流动图书馆 books-by-mail service 图书邮寄服务 central
Public Library 美国公共图书馆 12 A public library should have: 一个公共图书馆应有: an organized collection 组织有序的馆藏; paid staff; 有正式 作人员 an established schedule in which services of the staff are available to the public; 有正常的业务时间, 并有 作人员接待读者 the facilities necessary to support such a collection, staff, and schedule, 有支持馆藏, 作人员, 以及开馆时间所需要的各种设施 is supported in whole or in part with public funds. 有部分或全部来自 公共资金的支持 (IMLS data, 2008)
Public Library美国公共图书馆 13 There a total of 9, 208 public libraries 共有9, 208 个公共图书馆, There are 819 mobile libraries serving 97% of the population 有819个流动图书馆, 为各州的 97 % 的人口提供图书馆服务 12 % of the libraries locate in a population of more than 50, 000 up to 73% of the total population 12% 的公共图书馆为 73 %的人口服务, 人口都在 50, 000 以上 53% of the library reside in city or school districts 53%以上的公共图书馆直属市区管辖 51% of the libraries open more than 40 hours 51% 的图书馆每周开馆时间在 40 小时以上 140, 000 Library staff 有图书馆 作人员 140, 000
Public Library美国公共图书馆 14 Average total staff per 25, 000 population 12. 18 每 25, 000人, 有图书馆 作人员 Highest 最高 21. 66 Ohio, lowest 最低: Arkansas 7. 55, Average librarians per 25, 000 population 4. 06 图书馆员 highest最高 8. 39 New Hampshire, lowest 最低2. 00 N. Carolina Average ALA MLS librarians per 25, 000 population 2. 75 Highest 最高 5. 25 Connecticut, lowest最低. 84 Arkansas Average other staff per 25, 000 population 8. 13 一般 作人 员, Highest 最高 15. 59 Ohio, lowest 最低4. 29 Montana 专业馆员
Public Library Management 美国公共图书馆的管理结构 15 Library management system 图书馆管理结构 Library Board of trustees董事会 Library Director 馆长 librarians and staff 馆员及一般 作人员 Mission图书馆使命 Policy 政策
Administration - Library Board of trustees 行政管理-公共图书馆董事会 16 Library board-A board of citizens (supported by national and state level assn ) 图书馆董事会 Responsibilities 责任 Analysis of community needs 分析社区需要 Hiring recommending the director 挑选推荐馆长 Acting in an advocacy role to develop community support for bond issues and taxation 作为地区为图书馆呼吁支持人 Budget review and approval 审批预算 Policy review and approval审批政策 Commitment to freedom of inquiry and expression 确保自由知寻和 表达 Formulation of long-range planning 制做长期计划
Library Director 图书馆馆长 Works closely with the library board 图书馆馆长与董事会紧密合作 realize the public library mission 实现公共图书馆的使命 develop long range plans 发展长期规划 implement policies for the library’s operations 并执行图书馆的业务的各项政策 strengthen the relationship between the community and the library and its staff 加强社区和 作人员之间的联系。 *Mc. Cook (2004). Introduction to Public Librarianship, p. 141
Library Director Responsibilities 图书馆馆长责任, 知识技能 18 From leading to organizing 主导规划组织 Liaison and representative 代言人 Managing and planning etc. 规划，设计 Technical, Customer service, Problem-solving ability skills – Self -renewal, Risk-takingable to recommend policies, ie, use new technology, evaluate new info. 技术, 客户服务解决问题, 承担风险, 自我更新 People’s skills, vision, marketing, communication and collaboration 人事技巧, 营销能力, 沟通交流能力, 协作技能
Public Library Staff and Services 公共图书馆员 和服务 19 Librarians with MLIS from ALA accredited schools 由 美图书协会认可的研究院毕业 Other supporting staff 一般人员 Library services: 服务 Public service: 公共服务 References 参考咨询 loan 馆际互借 Youth services 青少年读者服务 Adult services 成人读者服务 Interlibrary
Youth Service at a Public Library 公共图书馆青少年读者服务 20 Develop and encourage children‘s reading habit 从小培养和加强儿童的阅读习惯; Support independent and formal teaching 个人自学以及各级正规教育; Provide opportunities for creativities 为个人发展创造力提供机会; Stimulate youth’s imagination 激发儿童和青年的想象力 Improve awareness and appreciation of cultural differences, art, science, invention and creation 提高对文化，对艺术的鉴赏力以及对科学成就和创造发明的了解 Provide path to understand cultural difference, art, science, invention and creation 提供了解各种表演艺术, 文化的途径;
Youth Services - Professional Associations 青少年读者服务专业协会 21 q National Organizations Serving Children and Youth 为儿童和青少年提供 服务的全国性机构 q American Association of School Librarians (AASL) 学校图书馆员协会 q Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) 教育交 流与技术协会 q Association for Library Services to Children (ALSC) 儿童图书馆服务协会–改进 和扩大针对儿童（学龄前儿童到八年级）的图书馆服务 q Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) 青年图书馆服务协会- 宣传， 促进，和加强针对青年人的服务并支助为这一群组提供服务的 作人 员
Youth Services 青少年读者服务 22 Youth education services- 儿童和青少年服务 －教育 Parents education- good relationship among the family and between children 家长教育，发展与儿童和家庭的良好 关系， Satisfy the literature needs of the community 满足社区 成员的阅读需求 Basic Literacy services 基础扫盲服务 Information literacy 信息教育 Formal Learning Support 辅助正规教育
Youth Services 青少年读者服务 Librarians’ competencies 图书馆员资格 Librarian The Competencies of Children’s 儿童图书馆员的资格-证书 Knowledge of the readers Administrative & managerial skills 行政和管理技能 Communication skills 交流技能 Advocacy, public relations & networking 了解服务对象 宣传，公关和建立合作网络的能力 Professionalism & professional development 专业精神和专业发展能力
Adult Services 成人读者服务 24 Scope: 服务范围 materials 选择图书馆的藏书 Library resources access 提供使用资源的途径 Teaching, reading and consulting 教学, 读者咨 询顾问和指导 Reference and information 参考和信息服务 Marketing & community reader services 鼓励 个人和社区团体使用图书馆资源 Finding
Adult Services 成人读者服务 General public – every individual 为所有普通人服务 People from different cultures and ethnic groups, 出身于不同文化或不同种族的人 People with disabilities 身体有残障的人(盲人, 只具部分视力的人, 有听力障碍的 人) Homebound/housebound people 不能离开住房的人, Institutionally confined people 被隔离的人(医院, 或监狱等)
Adult Services 成人读者服务 Service for institutions 服务于所有团体 Educational institutions 教育团体 Cultural groups 文化团体 Public services公益团体 Business organizations 商业团体 And all types of regional or local government entities 各类团体的上一级机关, 如地方政府等
Sources of Library Funding 图书馆资金来源 27 Local tax dollars (primary) taxation 地方税元（主要）税收 State – grants, per capita support material grants lump sum grants 洲政府人均补助助或一次性补助金 Federal – library agencies- information access through technology and provision of information access through empowerment 联邦政府- 通过图书馆组织项目-通过提供技术信息和信息接入服务 来提高能力 Foundation – public and private – the Gates program, community foundations 基金会 – 公共私人 Individuals 个人捐款
Source of Library Fund 美国公共图书馆资金来源 28 Operating revenue 运营资金 ( 1% 蓝色表示地方来源，红色表示州来源，紫色表示联邦 9% 来源，绿色表示其它） local sources 9% 82% state sources other sources federal sources
Seeking and Advocating with local officials 寻求当地官方的支持 29 Presenting benefits to local government 向当地政府陈述支持图书馆的利益 Supporting the work of local government 支持当地政府的 作 Understanding local priorities了解当地政府施政的重点 Establishing a relationship与当地政府建立良好关系 Being clear and to the point Not using library terms 要清晰，明确， 扼要 避免使用图书馆术语 / /
Seeking funds - Fund Raising 向个人和商界筹措资金 30 Identify those who have interests in libraries asking them to donate 确认对图书馆有兴趣的个人和商界团体, 对他们施以开导，恳请捐 款和沟通 Develop long time strategies 有长期发展策略 Use mail, email, phone or in-person communication 利用信件邮递，电话沟通，或访谈来恳请捐款 Develop collective efforts through the library and library staff 由图书馆基金会或单位领导全图书馆共同努力
Budget and Operating Expenditures 美国公共图书馆运营支出 31 Operating expenditures 运营支出( 蓝色部分表示职 薪水，红色表示馆藏， 绿色表示其它) 21% 66% 13% Staff Salaries Collections Other
Libraries and political process 图书馆与政治结构 32 Exist within a nested and overlapping structure 存在于各阶层的政治重叠 的结构中 Local, regional, state and national political entities 当地, 地区, 洲 及全国政 治组织 Each level, must work hard to educate policymakers about the fiscal and legal needs of libraries 图书馆人员必须让每个政界知道图书馆的财经 与政治需要. ALA public awareness advisory committee ---advocacy, workshop and programs 美国图书馆提供为图书馆呼吁的各类活动. National legislative day in May to talk with representatives and senators library issues 每年 5月的全国立法日是大家与参众议员淡图书馆的事宜.
The building was designed by the architectural firm of Hammond, Beeby and Babka, now known as Hammond Beeby Rupert Ainge, Inc. , winners of a design competition held in 1987 to replace the old central library, It is approximately 756, 640 square feet (70, 294 m 2). [1] 33 Population-服务人口: 2, 896, 016 Library Branches - 图书馆 79 Collection - 藏书量 5, 521, 854 册 Visits - 访问图书馆人次 2, 860, 862 Circulation - 图书借阅次数 1, 506, 293 PC usage - 计算机使用次数 2, 600, 000 Children programs: 儿童活动参加人次 262, 208
Where in US is Chicago? 34
芝加哥公共图书馆中国城分馆 Fate of most public libraries in U. S. is entirely a local matter 大部分公共图书馆的命运掌握当政府和居 民
Chicago Public Library Mayor Richard M. Daley joined Chicago Public Library officials for the 17 th Annual Bookamania event 36 芝加哥市长与公共图书馆官员参加第 17届年度Bookamania在 图书馆与读者交谈
图书馆挑战 Two major challenges 37 Staff management – encouraging them so that they are able to do their best. 人员管理，激发 作积极性 Budget management – so to use financial resources to the best advantage of the library. 财政管理，使财政资源发挥最大优势用于图 书馆
Personnel Management 人员管理 38 A good organization has puts at its heart qualified staff & it is paid competitive salaries with good benefits 以称职的员 为中心，并支付合理的 资 Three processes for managing people 人员管理的三个核心程序 Recruitment, hiring, retention 招聘，雇佣，留住人才 Evaluation of employees 作绩效评估 Disciplining of employees 作纪律
Personnel Management 人员管理 39 Hiring招聘 – 人事处 Job announcement advertised 发布招聘广告 Applications reviewed by search committee 招聘委员会对 作申请人的 评审 Select applicants for interviews 选择人进行面试 Successful candidate chosen 录取最合适人选 Job description 岗位职责描述 job analysis and needs of library基于这个 作岗位 的分析和图书馆本身的需要 Qualifications 应具备的条件 Other information：benefits, salary， description of the library 信息包括福利， 资或者浮动, 范围；对图书馆的介绍等
招聘广告二 参考咨询图书馆员 Reference and Instruction Librarian Institution: Ashland University Posted: January 14, 2010 Location: Ohio Position Description: Non-Tenure Track Website: http: //www. ashland. edu Ashland University Library seeks an experienced librarian to provide reference and instruction services as part of a three-member reference and instruction team. The position, available April 1, is a 12 -month, full-time, nontenured faculty position that is renewed annually. The successful candidate will teach research and information literacy skills to undergraduate and graduate students on Ashland's main campus and at regional sites. Primary responsibilities will include reference service, course-integrated instruction and collection development. The selected candidate will serve as library liaison to several academic departments, working to develop the collection to support the curriculum of assigned departments and to facilitate faculty awareness of library resources and services. Ashland University librarians are non-tenured faculty members who participate in faculty governance and contribute to service activities of the Library and the University. Requirements include a Master's Degree in Library Science from an ALA accredited institution; demonstrated commitment to student-centered teaching and library outreach; excellent oral and written communication skills; strong public service ethic; a willingness to learn new library and teaching technologies; the flexibility to work evenings and weekends and to travel to off-campus university centers; and the ability to work collaboratively in a team environment. Experience with library instruction, familiarity with concepts of information literacy and pedagogy; web design and Library 2. 0 skills, and the ability to plan and implement programs is desired. A subject-area master's degree is a plus. Preference will be given to candidates with three or more years of experience as a reference and instruction librarian. Salary is competitive and commensurate with experience. Review of applications will begin Feb. 1 and will continue until position is filled. Please mail or email resume and names and contact information of three references to Ed Krakora, director of the Library, at ekrakora@ashland. edu or Ed Krakora, Reference and Instruction Librarian Search, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio 44805. Submission of portfolios with application is encouraged. Ashland University meets fully its obligation of nondiscrimination under federal and state law and is actively committed to diversity in its workplace.
招聘广告一 哥伦比亚大学东亚图书馆馆长 Director, C. V. Starr East Asian Library Search Re-opened The Columbia University Libraries invite nominations and applications for the position of Director of the C. V. Starr East Asian Library. For more information about library collections and services, see http: //www. columbia. edu/cu/lweb/indiv/eastasian. The C. V. Starr East Asian Library is one of the major collections for the study of East Asia in the United States with approximately 840, 000 volumes of Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tibetan, and Western language materials and over 7, 200 periodical titles. The Director guides collection development, oversees technical and user services operations, and works closely with faculty and students to help shape the East Asian scholarly enterprise at Columbia. In collaboration with instructional technology, preservation, and digital library program units, the Director expands access to and preservation of the library's many unique materials in support of research, teaching, and learning. The Director develops external fundraising and grants initiatives, implements outreach activities that advance collections and services, and develops and maintains international partnerships and agreements related to East Asian library collections. Reporting to the Associate University Librarian for Collections & Services, the Director serves on the Management Committee of the Columbia University Libraries and represents Columbia at regional, national and international meetings and organizations, including cooperative resource sharing programs for East Asian libraries. The Director manages a materials budget of $2. 6 million and leads a staff of 22 FTE. The successful candidate will have: " a strong scholarly background in East Asian Studies " an accredited MLS or Ph. D in a relevant subject area or an equivalent combination of education and experience " the demonstrated ability to manage in a complex organization, including budget, staff supervision, and planning experience " knowledge of trends in education, research, and the scholarly communication process in East Asian Studies " a commitment to and understanding of technology's role in enhancing information discovery and access " an ability to lead, motivate, and work in a strong team-based environment " an enthusiasm for and demonstrated skill in fundraising " excellent interpersonal and communication skill. One of the world's leading research universities, Columbia provides outstanding opportunities to work and grow in a unique intellectual community. Set in the Morningside Heights academic village, Columbia also presents the unmatched dynamism, diversity and cultural richness of New York City. The University Libraries, grounded in collections of remarkable depth and breadth, are also building extensive electronic resources and services. The Libraries at Columbia are committed to collegiality, professionalism, innovation and leadership. We offer a salary commensurate with qualifications and experience and excellent benefits including 100% Columbia tuition exemption for self and family and assistance with University housing. Columbia will also pay 50% tuition for your dependent child who is a candidate for an undergraduate degree at another accredited college or university. For immediate consideration, please apply online at: http: //academicjobs. columbia. edu/applicants/Central? quick. Find=51850 The Search Committee will begin reviewing resumes on September 8, 2009.
Professional 专业能力 Librarians and staff should work together to achieve the goals and objectives of the library. 图书馆长需馆员共同努力达成图书馆的制定的方向的目标。 Effective library services are decided by librarians’ competencies 有效的图书馆服务是取决于馆员的职业能力 These competencies can be achieved by providing them continuous professional training and development programs 通过继续教育和在职训练以达成任务 。
专业发展 Professional Development 计划和预算Planning and budgeting 年度计划 Annually planning 专业发展内容, 形式, 次数 专业会议和 作坊 Professional conferences and workshops 在职馆内培训 Professional in house training 行政培训Administrative training 校部或更高级 University or higher 院内各类培训 In house or general training
Library Management 问题与解答
45 Thank You! 谢谢! Dr. 士 伊利陈琦博士 美国阿格西大学东部地区图书馆馆长 责人，副教授 shyjiang@illinois. edu
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