1 How is this disease distributed Health-related conditions

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1. How is this disease distributed? Health-related conditions and behaviors are not distributed uniformly in a population. They have unique distributions that can be described by how they are distributed in terms of person, place, and time. 2. What hypotheses might Clues formulating hypotheses can be found by observing the way explain the distribution of a health-related condition or behavior is distributed in a population. disease? 3. Is there an association between the hypothesized cause and the disease? Causal hypotheses can be tested by observing exposures and diseases of people as they go about their daily lives. Information from these observational studies can be used to make and compare rates and identify associations. 4. Is the association causal? Causation is only one explanation for an association between an exposure and a disease. Because observational studies are complicated by factors not controlled by the observer, other explanations also must be considered. 5. What should be done when preventable causes of disease are found? Policy decisions are based on more than the scientific evidence. Because of competing values - social, economic, ethical, environmental, cultural, and political factors may also be considered.