1. Describe the content of this political cartoon. 2. What is the message of the artist about the Articles of Confederation government? 3. What specific images does the artist use to show his view point of the A of C? 4. Do you agree or disagree with the artist? Explain.
Articles of Confederation/Constitution • America’s 1 st __________ • Adopted during ______________ • Central Government to coordinate ________ • Little ______ to new government • Confederation Congress • Conduct _____________ • Maintain _____________ • Borrow______________ • Powers Not Given • ______________________________________ What potential problems could the US have if the federal government does NOT have these powers? ________________________ ________________________
• All _______must ______ = __________ • Weaknesses: • Congress had _______________ • No laws passed without __________ • Changes required _____________ • Strengths: • Won _______________ • Provided for ____________ How did the A of C provide for future new western states? __________________ __________________ New Land Policies: - extend ________ over _____ – ___________ - many ________ made claims on ____________ Is it fair for some states to claim lands beyond their borders while others can’t? Explain. ________________________________________________________
Adding New Territories: - T. Jefferson 1784 – ____________; # of people = _____________ = apply for __________ - Ordinance of 1785 – _____________________ - townships = _______________ - 36 sections = _________ - sell @ around _________ - Northwest Ordinance 1787: - create single _______________ - divide into ________________ - population = _______________ - each new state “=“ ____________ - ________ protecting _______ of _______ - attempt to stop ________________ What’s the major difference between the 2 plans to expand western lands? _________________________________________________________________
Why is it a problem that the gov’t can print money but can’t tax? _________ Money Problems: _________ - by 1781 Revolutionary War $ __________ - Congress can’t _________________ - Congress & States ___________ - no gold/silver to back $ = __________ - prices ________ - Revolutionary War Debt = borrowed $ from ______, ______– owe soldiers salaries Why are the British trying to control US trade? ______________________________________________________________________________ Foreign Relations: - Britain: - Treaty of Paris 1783: British _____________River – they did not - trade policy: _____________________ Ex. West Indies - Spain: - wanted to stop _________– close ________ in 1784 Why was Spain afraid of the US? _________________________________________________________
Convention and Compromise: - Economic Depression: - post Revolutionary War = __________; ______down - Problems for Farmers: - ______________ (Rev. War debt) - state seize _______ – farmers to _______ - Shay’s Rebellion: 1786 Daniel Shays (Massachusetts) - __________________________ - 1787 plan to take________ in _________, Massachusetts (federal arsenal) - state _______________ - results = _______ – could ______ control _________________? How does Shay’s Rebellion affect the US? _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________
Issue of Slavery: - contradiction = ___________ vs. ____________ - ban on slavery: - 1776 -1786: eleven states ________ importing slaves - legal in northern states – many worked to end - 1775: Quakers (Pa) = _____________ - 1780: Pa. law grants _____________ - 1783: Mass. = _______ under state constitution - 1787: ________ (Phila. ) = help slaves make way in society - southern states ___________ - fear ________ not survive (plantation system) - some slaves were freed after Rev. War - Nation Divided: 1787 time to plan new gov’t = ________ - North abolish – questions ____________ - nation ______ at a time when Articles needed ________
Constitutional Convention (May 1787) - Delegates (55) - well-educated ________, ________ - _______, _______________ not represented - _________ – presiding officer (president) - ____________ - Virginia Plan: - Edmund Randolph – ________ gov’t (based on J. Madison) - 2 -house legislature: lower house – ________; upper house ___________________ - chief _______ (chosen by _________) - ___________ - problems: _______ of some states (Va) greater than _______ (NJ) Identify one positive and one negative of the Virginia Plan. ______________________________________________________________________
- New Jersey Plan: - William Paterson (NJ) plan to ________________ - one house _______ w/_______________ - expand Congress power = __________ - Compromise: - ___________ + ________ = __________ - Debate: What do you think is the key factor - _______ in this compromise? Why? ______________ - ___________________________ - enslaved Africans = ________? ______________ - Great Compromise: ___________________________ - Roger Sherman: (Connecticut) ______________ - 2 ____________ - lower house (HOR) # of seats = __________ - upper house (SEN) each state = __________
- Three fifths Compromise: (___________) - slaves legally considered _________ (not as pop. ) - neither N or S give ____________ - count as _____________ (every 5 slaves = 3 people) - Slave Trade: compromise = __________________ *Constitution approved _________ – sent to states for consideration Would you have voted for or against this Constitution? Explain. _______________________________________ ____________________ New Plan of Gov’t: - Roots of Constitution - British system = _________ - monarch vs. Parliament = ___________ - English Bill of Rights (1689) – _____________ - Enlightenment: - movement of 1700 s = ____________________ (John Locke) - all people have natural right to _________, _______
- contract between ______ (Americans) and ______ (gov’t) - protect natural rights – limit gov’t power - __________ powers of gov’t (Montesquieu) - clearly _______________ Federal System: - __________ = ___________ - _____ powers = ____ (states w/I borders); ______; _____ - Supreme law = ________________ Why is representation set up in different in each Organization of Gov’t: (3 Branches) house? ____________________________ - ________ Branch: (Article I) ____________________________ - Congress: ______________ -____________ – representation = __________ - Senate – ______________________ - Powers: collect ______, coin ___, regulate _______, declare _____, “_____________” laws according to ___________.
- ________ Branch: (Article II) - President – _________ - commander-in-chief of ________ - handle ____________ - ________ (indirect election): electors = _______ + ___________ - _________ Branch: (Article III) - __________ + any _______ set by _______ - Sp. Ct. (federal) cases involving ________ and _______ Checks and Balances: - divide power: ___________________ - draw back = ___________________ Why is this a drawback? Explain. ____________________________________________________
Ratifying the Constitution: - Constitutional Debate: - ___________ = supporters of _________ - more organized – support of _________, ______ - ________________ - feared ___________________ - ___________ = opposed __________ - new Const. take away liberties - create _______ gov’t ignore ___________ - favor _________ over __________ - local gov’t trusted to ______________ - feared __________ more than _______ - Bill of Rights: ____________________ Adopting Constitution: _____________________
Compare the Aof. C and the US Constitution – complete the diagram below identifying the similarities and differences between these 2 constitutions. Articles of Confederation US Constitution Similarities
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