1 CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL CENSUS

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CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL CENSUS ORGANIZATION By Amjad Javaid Sandhu Assistant Agricultural Census Commissioner Agricultural Census Organization Statistics Division Government of Pakistan

INTRODUCTION Ø Agricultural Census Organization (ACO) was established in 1958 under the M/O Agriculture and Works initially to conduct Agricultural Census. Ø It was transferred to Statistics Division in 1978 and since then its scope has been expanded. Ø ACO conducts agriculture related censuses in Pakistan to fulfill the requirements of Agricultural Census Act 1958. Ø The Agricultural Census, Livestock Census, Agricultural Machinery Census and Mouza / Village Census are the main activities of ACO. 3

Contributions and Achievements of Agricultural Census Organization Ø Decennial Agricultural Censuses conducted in the years ending with digit zero. Ø Decennial Agricultural Machinery Censuses in the years ending with digit four. Ø Decennial Livestock Censuses conducted in the years ending with digit six. Ø Quinquennial Mouza / Village Censuses, once before Agricultural Census in the digit eight and once in the digit three before every livestock census, to update sample frame of mouzas / dehs / villages. Ø Any other census / survey if directed by the Federal Government. 4

Geographical Coverage The Agricultural Census Organization covers whole of the country for all the above mentioned censuses as: a. b. c. d. e. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province including FATA and PATA. Punjab province including Cholistan and Islamabad district. Sindh province. Balochistan province. The geographic coverage also extended to the Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir each as a separate entity. 5

AGRICULTURAL CENSUSES OF PAKISTAN Six decennial Agricultural Censuses have so far been conducted in Pakistan Ø First: 1960 Ø Second: 1972 Ø Third: 1980 Ø Fourth: 1990 Ø Fifth: 2000 Ø Sixth: 2010 data processing is in progress 6

Objectives of Agricultural Census The main objectives of Agricultural Census are: 1. To generate information on the structure of agriculture. 2. To collect basic information on agricultural resources and state of their utilization. 3. To generate information on modern farming practices by the farming community. 4. To fulfill the data needs regarding agriculture for national as well as international agencies like FAO etc. 7

Methodology of Agricultural Census Ø The enumeration agency is provincial revenue departments in settled areas and in unsettled areas the agriculture, livestock and education departments work as enumeration agencies in addition to revenue staff. Ø District meetings are convened at each district to finalize the enumerator assignments and training arrangements. Ø All the enumerators and supervisors are trained in the concepts and procedures of the Agricultural Census by the well trained Census Master Trainers(CMTs) of ACO at tehsil / Taluka level. Continue… 8

From previous slide Ø Agricultural Census is sample based and is conducted only in sampled mouzas / dehs / villages which are selected through appropriate sampling techniques. Ø After training, the enumerators start listing of households (HHs) in selected mouzas. Ø After completion of listing the CMTs select HH clusters of approximately 30 HHs. Ø Then the enumerators fill detailed census questionnaires only from selected HHs. Continue… 9

From previous slide Ø During the entire census period CMTs remained in the field for supervision, sample selection of HHs and for technical guidance. Ø Officers from ACO also supervise the field operation through personal inspections and verifications of data during field operation. Ø The district / tehsil management also ensures accuracy and in time completion of census. Ø Retrieval of filled-in questionnaires is managed by ACO after completion of field operation for data processing. 10

Scope of Agricultural Census Ø The scope of census is restricted according to the instructions of FAO laid down in the World Census of Agriculture (WCA) programmes. Ø Regarding farms, the scope includes only agricultural farms held or operated by govt. or by private households. Ø The undistributed govt. lands, built up areas and lands under roads, rails, rivers, canals, hills, lakes etc. are out of the scope of census. Continue… 11

From previous slide Ø In respect of subjects the data are collected on type, size, tenure and parcels of farms. Ø Information on land utilization, irrigation, area under crops and orchards, number of fruit and non-fruit trees is also included. Ø Data on fertilizers, , manures, pesticides, use of agricultural machinery and agricultural labour are also collected. Ø Livestock population and information on credit for agricultural is also part of census. Continue…. . 12

From previous slide Ø Household members by age and sex, their educational level and participation in the agricultural activities. Ø Type of residential structures, economic activities and main source of income of the household are also included in the scope of agricultural census. 13

Salient Features of Agricultural Census 2000 NUMBER OF FARMS AND FARM AREA (Farms in Millions and Farm Area in Million Acres) Administrative Units Number of Farms Farm Area Total Percent of Total Pakistan 6. 62 100 50. 43 100 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1. 36 21 5. 59 11 Punjab 3. 86 58 27. 76 55 Sindh 1. 07 16 10. 69 21 Balochistan 0. 33 5 6. 39 13 14

Pie Chart for Number of Farms 16 % Sindh 5% Bal 21 % Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Balochistan 58 % Punjab 15

Pie Chart for Farm Area 13% Bal 11% K. P. 21% Sindh 55% Punjab Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Balochistan 16

Tenure Classification of Farms (In Millions) Administrative Units Total Owner-cum. Tenant Pakistan 6. 62 5. 13 0. 56 0. 93 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1. 36 1. 13 0. 08 0. 15 Punjab 3. 86 3. 04 0. 42 0. 4 Sindh 1. 07 0. 04 0. 32 Balochistan 0. 33 0. 27 0. 01 0. 05 17

Tenure Classification of Farm Area (In Million Acres) Administrative Units Total Owner-cum. Tenant Pakistan 50. 43 36. 97 7. 32 6. 13 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5. 59 4. 24 0. 81 0. 54 Punjab 27. 76 19. 25 5. 40 3. 11 Sindh 10. 69 8. 11 0. 74 1. 84 Balochistan 6. 39 5. 37 0. 38 0. 64 18

Land Use and Cropping Intensities Administrative Units Land Use Intensities Cropping Intensities Pakistan 85 142 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 83 142 Punjab 96 154 Sindh 77 130 Balochistan 53 78 19

Bar Chart for Land Use and Cropping Intensities 180 154 160 142 140 130 120 96 100 85 83 77 80 Land Use 78 Cropping 53 60 40 20 0 Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Balochistan 20

Livestock Census of Pakistan Four decennial Livestock Censuses have so far been conducted by ACO in Pakistan Ø First: 1976 Ø Second: 1986 Ø Third: 1996 Ø Fourth: 2006 21

Objectives of Livestock Census 1. To provide current estimates of the commercially important livestock by age, breed, sex, ownership distribution and of domestic poultry by age and sex distribution. 2. To develop information based on livestock composition. 3. To ascertain the number of livestock holding units reporting animals and domestic poultry. 4. To estimate the overall milk production and the number of animals slaughtered. 5. To ascertain the number of commercial poultry farms, their capacity and production (first time in 2006) by type of farming. 22

Methodology and Scope of Livestock Census Ø Livestock census is sample based. Ø The provincial livestock departments work as enumeration agencies through out the country. Ø Rest of the procedures to conduct livestock census are the same as of agricultural census. Ø The data are collected on age, sex and breeds of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats while for camels data are collected only by age and sex. Ø Information about total number of horses, mules, asses and domestic poultry is collected. 23

LIVESTOCK POPULATION AS PER LIVESTOCK CENSUS 2006 Type of Animal Million Heads Per cent of Total Livestock Cattle 29. 56 21 Buffaloes 27. 33 19 Goats 53. 79 38 Sheep 26. 49 18 Camels 00. 92 0. 65 Horses 00. 34 0. 24 Mules 00. 16 0. 11 Asses 04. 27 3 142. 86 100 Total Livestock 24

PIE CHART SHOWING RELATIVE STATUS OF LIVESTOCK POPULATION Camels 0. 92 Mules 0. 16 Horses 0. 34 Sheep 26. 49 Goats 53. 79 Asses 4. 27 Cattle 29. 56 Buffaloes 27. 33 25

Agricultural Machinery Census of Pakistan Five Agricultural Machinery Censuses have so far been conducted by ACO Ø First in 1968 Ø Second in 1975 Ø Third in 1984 Ø Fourth in 1994 Ø Fifth in 2004 26

Objectives of Agricultural Machinery Census Ø Generate estimates of number of tractors, bulldozers, combine harvesters, tractor drawn and other farm implements. Ø Develop statistics on tractors by make, model, power and working condition. Ø Provide number of tubewells / wells with pump / lift pumps / submercible pumps by type of motive power. Ø Information of private tubewells by type of ownership, year of installation, their suction and delivery capacity. Continue…. . 27

From previous slide Ø To reckon the households owning tractors and tubewells by type and source of finance. Ø To provide information about use of agricultural machines on own farms and practice of renting out tractor time and tubewell water. Ø To gauge the number of privately owned Modern Irrigation Systems (MISs) i. e. sprinkler and trickle / drip irrigation system. 28

Methodology of Agricultural Machinery Census Ø The provincial agriculture (extension) departments work as enumeration agency. Ø Tractors and tubewells / lift pumps are enumerated on 100 % count basis. Ø Then every 10 th tractor and tubewell / lift pump is selected for detailed interview of the owner. Ø Rest of the procedures for field operation are the same as already explained. 29

Scope of Agricultural Machinery Census Ø All the public and private tractors and tubewells wholly or partly used for agricultural purposes are enumerated. The machinery not used for agricultural purposes is out of scope of census. Ø Farm implements normally pulled or motivated by tractors as well as self propelled implements and in the possession of tractor owner. Ø Extent and pattern of use of privately owned farm machinery. 30

Salient Findings of AMC 2004 Type of Machinery Private Tractors Massey Ferguson Ford Fiat IMT Belarus Others Private Tubewells / Lift Pumps Electric Diesel Number 400, 446 171, 943 24, 968 164, 941 2, 037 31, 768 6, 004 922, 207 88, 885 833, 322 31

Mouza Census Eight mouza censuses have so far been conducted in Pakistan ØFirst 1971 Ø Second 1979 Ø Third 1983 Ø Fourth 1988 Ø Fifth 1993 Ø Sixth 1998 Ø Seventh 2003 Ø Eighth 2008 32

Objectives of Mouza Census Ø Update the mouzas / dehs / villages list by administrative units, being used as sample frame for a census. Ø Generate data on socio economic indicators at mouza level. Ø Provide useful information to the planners and policy makers in their endeavours to bring change in living standard of masses in rural areas. 33

Socio-Economic Facilities Available in Mouzas Covered in Mouza Census 2008 1. Status of Mouza 2. Name and Number of Union Council* 14. Facility of Toilet* 3. Total / Cultivated / Uncultivated Acreage 4. Important Crops of Mouza* 5. Sources of Irrigation 6. Water Course Improvement Scheme 7. Credit Facility by Gender* 8. Market Place (Bazar)* 9. Sources of Employment by Gender* 13. Water Treatment Facility* 15. Pacca Streets 16. Pacca Drains and Sewerage* Facilities 17. Availability of Energy* 18. Media Facilities* 19. Housing Condition (Pacca / Kacha)* 20. Play Grounds & Sports Teams by Gender 21. Development Organizations by Gender* 22. Dispute Resolution Mechanism* 10. Type of Industries* 11. Sources of Drinking Water 12. Taste of Sub-soil Water * Covered first time 34

Socio-Economic Facilities Available at Mouza or Located at Distance From Mouza Covered in Mouza Census 2008 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Veterinary Health Coverage Cattle Market, Grain Market, Fruit & Vegetable Market & Wheat Procurement Centre Agricultural Inputs (Fertilizers / Seeds / Pesticides) Commercial Banks and Online Banking* Post Office Health Facilities Availability of Electricity Diesel and Petrol Pump / Depot / Agency 9. 10. 11. 12. CNG / LPG Availability* Metalled Road Transport Facility* Telecommunication / Internet* 13. Education Facility by Gender (Primary / Middle / High School & College and Vocational Centre) 14. Police Station * Covered first time 35

THANKS E-mail: - amjadsandhu@hotmail. com 36