1 1 Text Study Notes to the Text

1 1 Text Study Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Idea Sharing Writing

2 9 TEXT STUDY Understanding Structure Analysis Summary Reproduction

2 Text Study — Understanding 9 I. Understanding 1. Match the Main Idea with Its Part 1 (Paras. 1~4) Part 2 (Paras. 5~9) Part 3 (Paras. 10~20) Part 4 (Para. 21) ① Mother pushed me toward working with words from an early age. ② Mother’s response for my Pulitzer Prize ③ Mother would ask me to get up and make something of myself. ④ My progress in working with

2 9 Text Study — Understanding 2. My Progress and Mother’s Encouragement Mother’s ① get up and make request something of myself ② can’t stand a quitter Part 1 (Paras. 1~4) ① bamboo torture treatment; have made something of My myself; Response be entitled to sleep late; ② her powerful voice, my will, get up.

2 9 Text Study — Understanding Difficulties father died, three babies, lots of bills to pay Part 2 (Para. 5) quit college for work; Mother’s lose our house; response take shelter with Allen; work as a grocer at ten dollars a week

2 9 Text Study — Understanding Mother’s push me toward working with goal words (literature) from an early age. Part 2 (Paras. 6 -9) ① Edwin James, managing editor of The New York Times, as an example, an ambitious man Mother’s without much talent, get far. means ② no smarter, successful in his career. ③ very poor, sign up for a set of books.

2 9 Text Study — Understanding great interest in reading newspapers about crimes, My accidents, etc; Part 3 Progress In 1947, graduated from Johns (Paras. I Hopkins, as a police reporter of 10 -12) the Baltimore Sun, with $30 a week. refused to sympathize with my Mother’s humiliating wage for a learned response man; corrected me, cannot I make anything, work hard.

2 9 Text Study — Understanding seven years later, cover the My White House, reporting from Progress the Oval Office, a big honor, a Part 3 II success. (Paras. 13 -16) chance, make something; Mother’s warned, marginal progress, response not being too proud of oneself, II watch out, a “harder fall”.

2 9 Text Study — Understanding wished to be hired by The My Times; offered, one of the most Progress prized assignments: a regular Part 3 III opinion piece in The New York (Paras. Times. 17 -19) Mother’s not mentioned; response proof, my mother’s scheme, III absolutely right.

2 Text Study — Understanding 9 My In 1979, reached the summit of Progress my professional career, winning Part 3 IV the Pulitzer Prize. (Para. Mother’s mother’s health collapsed, 20) response in a nursing home, IV never knew of my Pulitzer.

2 Text Study — Understanding 9 Part 4 (Para. 21) Mother’s response IV in my guess: show, work hard, be able to make something of yourself.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis II. Structure Analysis A. The Way to Develop This Passage flashback + sequential narration + dialogue + quotation The text mainly tells about the author’s struggle for achievements in working with words with the help of his mother, revealing the lesson “Never to be a quitter to make something of yourself”. In order to narrate this story, the author combines four skills of development: flashback, sequential narration, dialogue and quotation.

2 Text Study — Structure Analysis 9 Paragraphs Ways of Development 1~4 5~9 Flashback + Dialogue Sequential Narration + Quotation 10~20 Sequential Narration + Quotation 21 Quotations from Russ’ mother?

2 Text Study — Structure Analysis 9 Quotations To narrate the story, the author uses some quotations to help it unfold. Read through the text and find the quotations from his mother in pairs. Then discuss why his mother said so and make a report before the class.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Tips Para. 1 “Get yourself up and make something of yourself, buddy!” Para. 4 “If there’s one thing I can’t stand, it’s a quitter. ” Para. 8 “Edwin James was no smarter than anybody else, though a little faster as a typist, and look where he is today. ” Para. 12 “If you work hard at this job, ” “maybe you can make something of it. ”

2 9 Para. 14 Para. 16 Para. 21 Text Study — Structure Analysis “Well, Russ, ” “If you work hard at this White House job, you might be able to make something of yourself. ” “Even if you get to the top, you have to watch out. ” “The bigger they come, the harder they fall. ” (in the author’s guess) “That’s nice, buddy. It shows if you work hard, you’ll be able to make something of yourself one of these days. ”

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis B. The Way to Develop Paragraphs Statement + Denial & Correction When we argue for a point of view, especially when we disagree with someone, we often start with a statement, which is very often denied and corrected. The three important elements—a statement, denial and correction—do not often appear in separate paragraphs.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Task 1: List the structure of Paras. 13~16.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 13~16 Analysis: Statement: _____________________ Denial and Correction: ________________________________________

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 13~16 Analysis: Statement: Reporting from the Oval Office was as close to heaven as a journalist could get—a big honor, which showed I was a success. (Para. 13)

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Denial and Correction: I should not have been so proud if I had considered the onward and upward course Mother had set for me. Mother’s response: conservative and negative 1. A good job does not necessarily mean success: If I work hard … make something of myself. 2. No matter what I did, … make any concession that I was doing great things. 3. Watch out for a big fall: Even if I get to the top, I will have to watch out that it doesn’t lead to a “harder fall”. (Paras. 13 -16)

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Task 2: List the structure of Paras. 11 -12.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 11~12 Analysis: Statement: _____________________ Denial and Correction: ________________________________________

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 11~12 Analysis: Statement: I complained the wage as a reporter with the Baltimore Sun was humiliating for a learned man. (Para. 11) Denial and Correction: Mother’s response: She refused to sympathize with me. She corrected me by saying: I cannot make anything of it unless I work hard at it. (Paras. 1112)

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Task 3: List the structure of Paras. 1~3.

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 1~3 Analysis: Statement: _____________________ Denial and Correction: ________________________________________

2 9 Text Study — Structure Analysis Paras. 1~3 Analysis: Statement: “Get yourself up and make something of yourself, buddy!” Mother’s request was the equivalent of bamboo torture treatment. Denial and Correction: “Christ!” I utter, “I have made something of myself. I am entitled to sleep late. ”

2 Text Study — Summary 9 III. Summary When I was five, father died, leaving mother with nothing but three babies and lots of bills to pay. Mother identified my gift for words and devoted her _______ entire life to helping me develop it. She used to require me to get up early and ________ make something of _____. myself She often took Uncle Edwin as an example of ___________________ how far an ambitious man could get without _____. Though very poor, she bought some much talent books to improve my reading. When I complained the humiliating wage of __________ from the job with the

2 9 Text Study — Summary Baltimore Sun as a police reporter, mother refused sympathize with to _______ me and told me to work hard to make anything of the job. When I was assigned by the Sun to report from the Oval Office, she warned staying content with them me against __________. When I was offered The New York Times, mother’s scheme to ___________ proved to be absolutely push me toward literature the summit of my right. When I reached ___________ professional career __________ winning the Pulitzer Prize, mother’s health ____ and she never knew of collapsed my Pulitzer. Mother’s ____________ continuous encouragement helped me succeed in my reporter career. She taught me that ___________. one should never quit in life

2 Text Study — Reproduction 9 IV. Reproduction Discuss the following topic in groups and make a report to the class: Suppose you were Russ’ mother, could you tell how you helped him toward success in literature?

2 9 Active Expressions Focus Study

2 Notes to the Text—Active Expressions 9 I. Active Expressions In English, you may find some expressions formed by very common words, but they are active and powerful. e. g. • What’s on at the cinema tonight? 今晚电影院上演什么？ • What’s he up to? 他忙什么呢?

2 9 Notes to the Text — Active Expressions Find out the active expressions: 1. “Get yourself up and make something of yourself, buddy!” 2. I am entitled to sleep late. 3. I looked forward to seeing the delight on my mother’s face when I told her. 4. Considering the onward and upward course she had set for me, I should have known better.

2 9 Notes to the Text — Active Expressions 1. make sth. of sb. 使某人成为······ 2. sb. be entitled to (do) sth. 某人有权利做某事 entitle sb. to do sth. 使某人有权利做某事 3. look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望，期待 4. Considering …, 考虑到······ know better (than to do sth. ) 明事理（而不至于）

2 9 Notes to the Text — Active Expressions Translation 1. 他父母想让他成为律师。 2. 凭此券你可在麦当劳免费得到一份炸薯条。 3. 我盼望着很快收到你的来信。 4. 就你平时这么少学习来说，你已考得不错了。 5. 你的表现这么糟我真惊讶——你本该更理智些。 6. 你应该知道，不该跑到车流里去。

2 9 Notes to the Text — Active Expressions Key 1. His parents want to make a lawyer of him. 2. This ticket entitles you to (get) a free French fries in the Mc. Donald’s. 3. I look forward to hearing from you soon. 4. You did quite well in your exams, considering how little you studied. 5. I’m surprised at your behaving so badly—you should have known better. 6. You should know better than to run out into the traffic.

2 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 9 I. Focus Study 1. Edwin James was no smarter than anybody else … (Para. 8) no + 比较级 + than Analysis “no”用在形容词或副词比较级前表示“毫不， 根本不”，体现强调语气。 Practice

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 用 “no + 比较级 + than ”结构翻译下列句子： ① 这并不比上次的练习糟。 ② 他的情况一点也不比你的严重。 ③ 她并不觉得比昨天有所好转。 ④ 我们走到桥边就不再往前了。

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study Key ① It’s no worse than the last exercise. ② His case is no more serious than yours. ③ She is feeling no better than yesterday. ④ We went no farther than the bridge.

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 2. It was proof that my mother’s scheme to push me toward literature from an early age had been absolutely right. (Para. 19) It was proof that … Analysis “It”指前一段的“我终于被委任《纽约时报》的一 个固定专栏的评论员”。 “that ”引导同位语从句， 解释名词“proof ”的具体所指。“It was proof that …”的意义相当于“It proved that … ”。 Practice

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 指出下列句子的同位语从句及其修饰的名词： ① There is no doubt that he is a fine scholar. ② I hav e no i d ea that your hus band w s a opposed to my visit. ③ T re he por t th h w s g n to re g w s at e a oi g si n a false. ④T n he ews g a ot bout th h h w n a c in at e ad o ar the lottery.

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study Key ① There is no doubt that he is a fine scholar. ② I hav e no i d e a that your husband was opposed to my visit. ③T he report that he was going to resign was false. ④T he news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.

2 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 9 3. “Even if you get to the top, you have to watch out. ” She was always keen to point out, “The bigger they come, the harder they fall. ” (Para. 16) The + 比较级 + …, the + 比较级 + … “越······就越······” Practice

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study 用“The + 比较级 + …, the + 比较级 + …”结构 合成下列组句: ① he tried hard, he seemed to make little progress ② you learn, you earn ③y k ou now m ny p a eopl e y h , ou ave little tim e to see them ④ you g v m m c h suppor t , I w ll h e i e e u i av confidence in myself ⑤ the temp er at ur e get s hi g the l iq d h, ui becomes gas fast

2 9 Notes to the Text—Focus Study Key ① The harder he tried, the less progress he seemed to make. ② The more you learn, the more you earn. ③ The more people you know, the less time you have to see them. ④ The more support you give me, the more confidence I will have in myself. ⑤ The higher the temperature gets, the faster the liquid becomes gas.

2 9 Word Using Old to New Chinese to English Word Game

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 I. Word Using 1. equivalent a. of the same value, importance, etc. as sth. else e. g. His behavior is equivalent to cheating. 他的行为相当于欺骗。 同根词 equal 相等的 + value 价值 + -ent = equivalent equality 相等，平等

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 2. utter vt. say sth. Translation 他整晚没吭声。 Key He didn’t utter a word all night. 近形词 butter 黄油 butterfly 蝴蝶

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 2. utter a. complete; absolute Collocation 完全不认识的人 an utter stranger 断然拒绝 an utter refusal 我完全不知道该怎样做才好。 I was at an utter loss what to do.

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 3. ambitious adj. having a great desire to be successful, powerful or wealthy Translation 他立志毕业后要开办自己的公司。 Key He is ambitious to run his own company after graduation.

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 4. advanced adj. at a higher level Collocation advanced mathematics studies technology disease 高等数学 高深的研究 先进的技术 病情沉重期/晚期

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 5. sympathize vi. feel sorry for sb. e. g. I sympathize with you; I have had a similar unhappy experience myself. 我很同情你，我自己也有过类似的不 幸遭遇。 同根词 sympathy 同情 sympathetic 同情的

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 6. correspond v. ① (to, with) be the same as sth. else, or very much like it e. g. ① Their expenses don’t correspond to their income. 他们入不敷出。 ② What she said doesn’t correspond with the facts. 她的话与实情不符。

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 6. correspond v. ② (with) write letters to sb. and receive letters from them Translation 在见面之前他们已通信两年了。 Key They have corresponded with each other for two years before they meet. 同根词 correspondence correspondent respond response responsibility corresponding responsible

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 7. keen adj. ① eager or wanting to do sth. very much Translation 许多父母亲热衷于把他们的孩子送往最好的学校。 Key Many parents are keen to send their children to the best schools. 近形词 queen seen green screen

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 7. keen adj. ① eager or wanting to do sth. very much Phrase be keen on 热心······的；对 ······有兴趣 Use It Q: What are you keen on in your spare time? A: I am keen on … Tips sailing; bridge cards; network games; chat online; rock climbing …

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 7. keen adj. ② very strong Collocation keen north wind brains competition interest 刺骨的北风 头脑敏锐 激烈的竞争 兴趣浓厚

2 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9 8. thrill vt. make sb. feel excited and happy Translation ① 这位旅行者的经历使我们惊骇不已。 ② 当那位英俊的电影明星出场时，她欣喜若狂。 Key ① The traveler thrilled us with his stories. ② She was thrilled when the handsome film star appeared.

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 9. in (the) face of when facing sth. , esp. sth. unpleasant or difficult Translation 我在很多观众面前不敢唱歌。 Key I dare not sing in (the) face of a large audience.

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 10. watch out (for) be careful Translation 医生告诉她当心麻疹的病症。 Key The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Using 11. out of touch no longer have information about sth. Translation 如果我们经常通信，就不会失去联系。 Key If we correspond regularly, we shan’t be out of touch with each other.

2 9 Words and Expressions — Old to New II. Old to New gentle and careful • tender the action of recognizing sb. /sth. • identification make sb. believe sth. that is not true • deceive at a higher level • advanced illegal behavior by sb. with power • corruption (to be continued)

2 9 Words and Expressions — Old to New attract sb. very much • fascinate very small • marginal an acknowledge or admission • concession a plan to do sth. • scheme the highest point • summit die • pass away

2 Words and Expressions — C to E 9 III. Chinese to English 在很多观众面前 使自己成为有出息的人 让她成为心理学家 关心老年人的利益 收拾残局 撒些粉末在植物周围 • in (the) face of a large audience • make something of oneself • make a psychologist of her • have the welfare of the aged at heart • pick up the pieces • scatter some powder round the plants (to be continued)

2 Words and Expressions — C to E 9 执行编辑 报道古巴导弹危机 围绕着地球转 为我们订了一套书 报名参加运动会 适合中高级水平读 者阅读的读物 高等数学 • managing editor • cover the Cuban Missile Crisis • revolve around the earth • sign us up for a set of books • sign up for the sports meet • books for intermediate and advanced readers • advanced mathematics (to be continued)

2 9 欣然接受称赞 妇女 资的小幅增长 作出让步 当心鲨鱼 一劳永逸地 达到事业的顶峰 我对桂林的总体印象 不了解外部世界 Words and Expressions — C to E • lap up the praise • a marginal increase in women’s pay • make a concession • watch out for sharks • once and for all • reach the summit of one’s professional career • my overall impression of Guilin • be out of touch with the outside world

2 9 Words and Expressions — Word Game IV. Word Game There approximately homophonous words (谐音词) in Chinese and English. It helps greatly memorize English words. Listen to some Chinese words and guess their English equivalents.

2 9 颁布 撕开它 米筛 马驹挪 饭特稀 石榴 思继母 牛绅士 Words and Expressions — Word Game bamboo 竹子 scatter （使）分散 missile 导弹 marginal 少量的, 边缘的 fantasy 幻想 thrill 使激动；使兴奋 scheme 计划；规划 nuisance 讨厌的人或东西

2 9 Discussion

2 Idea Sharing 9 Discussion Suppose you are keen to become a Talk Show host in Channel One of CCTV, how can you make it? Take Russ as one example to analyze it. Discuss it in pairs or groups, write down the main points, and report to the class. Headquarter of CCTV (China Central Television)

2 9 Structure Writing Practical Writing

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing I. Structure Writing Develop Paragraphs with a Statement and a Denial and Correction One writing skill for a piece of argumentation is to begin with a statement, then deny and correct it.

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing Example Parents often think that they know their children well enough to decide what kind of job suits them. They are afraid that their children are too young to decide t h e i r f u t u r e o n t h e i r o w n. However, children would argue that they should be left free to make their own choices. They would prefer to cultivate a spirit of independence and selfreliance. They have their own interests different from their parents’. They prefer jobs which are challenging and require independent, creative thinking or bring greater economic benefits. They would not think much about whether the job is stable or not. They would not accept anything imposed on them by the older generation. Besides, as young adults, they are mature enough to make

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing Analysis Statement: Parents often think that they should decide what kind of job suits their children. Denial and correction: ① free to make their own choices ② cultivate a spirit of independence and self-reliance ③ their own interest ④ preferable jobs―challenging, independent and creative thinking ⑤ not necessarily a stable job ⑥ not accept anything imposed on them ⑦ make their own choices

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing Task Write a paragraph on one of the following topics which starts with a statement followed by denial and correction.

2 Writing — Structure Writing 9 Task 1 Statement: Books are the main sources of human knowledge. Denial and correction: ① a recording of the past ② not cover all the things for the future ③ many mysteries unsolved ④ hard for people to cope with practical problems ⑤ develop our ability through practice and observation ⑥ not rely on books only

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing Sample Some people think that books are the main source of human knowledge, summaries of what people have acquired in their struggle with nature and society. Moreover, with the rapid development of modern society, book knowledge is updated from time to time. For these people, books are everything. However, book knowledge is not everything! Books can never cover all the things and happenings in the world. Book knowledge is only a recording of what has been discovered. (to be continued)

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing There are many mysteries unsolved and we can find no answers from books up to now. So if one does not try to learn something beyond books, it will be difficult for one to cope with some practical problems. We should develop our ability through practice and observing the world. It is not practical to rely on books only.

2 Writing — Structure Writing 9 Task 2 Topic: It is reasonable for college students to get married on campus.

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing Sample Some people hold it is reasonable for Chinese college students to get married on campus. A number of students do have a desire for an ideal marriage. Now that they have reached the national legal ages, 22 for men and 20 for women, for marriage, they are entitled to such h a p p i n e s s. However, it shouldn’t be advocated or encouraged. College students, especially male students, are too young and semi-matured to be likely to shoulder the burdens brought (to responsibility. by family and take the relativebe continued)

2 9 Writing — Structure Writing They will inevitably have less time and energy for their academic life because married students have more real-life problems to deal with than those unmarried ones. As a married couple, for instance, they are supposed to rent a room in or outside the university, which will naturally add to their spending. And their school work must be affected and they may not graduate favorably or may not be capable for future work. Students should deal w i t h e p r o b l e m reasonably.

2 9 Writing — Practical Writing II. Practical Writing Resignation Letters 1. Key points Make clear your reasons for resignation and the date of your resignation. e. g. Please accept my resignation, effective March 8, 2004. 2. Three sample letters of resignation

2 9 Sample 1 Writing — Practical Writing

2 Writing — Practical Writing 9 Sample 2 My dear Mr. President: I have the honor to submit my resignation as Deputy Representative for the United States on the Security Council of the United States. I took the oath of office as the United States Ambassador to Brazil on May 3, 1948. Faithfully yours, Herschel V. Johnson

2 9 Writing — Practical Writing Sample 3 Dear Board of Directors: I have decided to resign my position as a m e m b e r o f t h e USAWKF Board of Di rectors effecti ve today N o v e m b e r 1 6 , 1999. I would like to thank all of you for giving me a c h a n c e t o serve as a member of the Board of Directors. Your support of me during the time I have p a r t i c i p a t e d i s much appreciated. I will continue to support the

2 9 Writing — Practical Writing 3. Practice Step 1 Write a resignation letter. The reasons , date, company and position is open. Step 2 Answer the resignation letter from another. Write it on the back of the original letter.

2 9 To Section B The End of Section A