1 -1 LESSON OVERVIEW Aircraft Certification

1 -1

LESSON OVERVIEW • Aircraft Certification Service Introduction ü Organization and Responsibilities • What is Part 21? ü Part 21 Authority & Origins • Organization of Part 21 & Preview of Part 21 Certificates • Part 21 Policy PG 1 -1 1 -2

Importance of This Lesson w To help you apply the spirit of Part 21 w Presents Part 21 and certificates issued under its authority as “living things” w Responding to a changing environment PG 1 -1 1 -3

LESSON OBJECTIVE To help you better understand - and carry out - the intent of Part 21 PG 1 -1 1 -4

FAA Regions Human Resource Management, Public Affairs, Accounting, Logistics, Legal Counsel, Civil Rights, etc. PG 1 -5 4 -15

Boeing CMO Manufacturing Inspection Office Boeing CMU 1 -6

“Geographical” Directorate m Responsible for all Field Offices in its geographical area å ACOs 3 Engineering 3 Flight Test å MIDOs, CMO, CMU’s & MISOs 3 Production & Airworthiness PG 1 -7 4 -17

“Accountable” Directorate • Rulemaking Responsibilities Ø 14 CFR Part 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 and “Special Classes” • Technical Guidance responsibilities for those airworthiness standard Ø Restricted Category Airplanes Ø Surplus Military Airplanes 1 -8

Management/Support Workforce NRS 2% Support Staff 24% Jan. ‘ 99 Managers 10% Inspectors 18% Flight Test Pilots 3% Engineers 43% Specialist Workforce 1 -9 PG 5 -1

Engineering Specialties Specialty Approves Structures/Airframe of Airplane/Rotorcraft or Aircraft Systems - Avionics-Electrical Systems - Mechanical-Environmental Systems Power Plant/Propulsion - Engine and Propeller Certification - Propulsion Installation Flight Test - Aircraft Flight Qualities and Performance PG 5 -41 -10

Vital Roles of AIR Employees m. Continued Operational Safety m. Regulatory/Policy Development m. Certification 1 -11

A. What is Part 21? PG 1 -3 1 -12

PART 21 DEFINED • The Certification Procedures for Products and Parts. • Requirements for applicants • Privileges and responsibilities • Lays foundation for “Procedures” specialists must follow PG 1 -3 1 -13

Part 21 & Other FARs: Aircraft Product Standards FAR Part 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, and 36 Covers Airworthiness and environmental standards Relationship to Part 21 w“TC basis” w. Products must meet standards to qualify for Part 21 type certificate PG 1 -3 1 -14

Part 21 & Other FARs: Related Procedures (Cont) PG 1 -3 1 -15

Part 21 & Other FARs: Maintenance and Operations (Flight Standards) PG 1 -4 1 -16

“Aviation Safety Begins With Safe Aircraft” Design TC/STC Operate & Maintain Feedback Produce (PC) Deliver (Airworthiness Certificate) PG 1 -4 1 -17

Part 21 and Its Basis In Law • Public Law (P. L. ) 103 -272 under title 49 United States Code • Part 21 reflects the FAA Administrator’s authority – Minimum Standards - Section 44701 – Issuing Certificates - Section 44702 – Suspending/Revoking/Certificates - Section 44709 PG 1 -5 1 -18

Part 21 and Its Basis In Law • P. L. 103. 272 Provides authority to regulate civil aviation • Excludes Public Aircraft, as defined in 14 CFR part 1, which are exempt from FAA regulations Examples? ? PG 1 -5 1 -19

Part 21 is Customer Focused. . . Different certificates address Different stages design production and Different needs approval to make bolts approval to produce airplane of Different applicants modifiers aircraft builders 1 -20

A General J DOA Design Approval B TC K PMA C Prov TC M DAS Production Approval O TSOA F Prod TC G PC Airworthiness Approval H Airworth L N Imports Exports I Prov Air D Chng TC E STC PG 1 -8 1 -21

D. Overview of Certificates Based on Part 21 1. Why three kinds of certificates? 2. Legal meaning of certificates 3. How the three kinds of certificates fit together 4. Concept of certificate as a living thing 5. The Service’s responsibility over time PG 1 -10 1 -22

WHY THREE CERTIFICATES? • 3 Certificates: Type, Production, Airworthiness • Address different aspects of aircraft development • Design, Production and Condition of Individual Product PG 1 -10 1 -23

Legal Meaning of Aircraft Certificate w Certificate has weight of law ÄDocuments compliance with law PG 1 -10 1 -24

Legal Meaning of Aircraft Certificate (cont) • Holder has legal rights & responsibilities TC is a saleable commodity; purchaser acquires all rights & responsibilities Airworthiness certificate transferred with aircraft; owner acquires rights & responsibilities PC not transferable PG 1 -10 1 -25

Type Certificate w w w PG 1 -11 Approves design Spells out limitations Involves approval of designs on paper 1 -26

Production Certificate w w PG 1 -10 Allows holder to make duplicates of approved design Certifies holder’s competence 1 -27

Airworthiness Certificate w Signifies individual aircraft’s. . . ÄDesign conformity, and ÄCondition for safe operation w PG 1 -11 Contingent on proper, continued maintenance 1 -28

Certificate as “Living Thing” w w PG 1 -11 Most certificates stay in effect long after issuance Holder must continue to comply Change over time is inevitable FAA must approve changes 1 -29

Factors leading to change in Type Design/TC w w w w PG 1 -12 Customer variation Safety findings and requirements Economic and competitive factors Technological advances Product improvement Manufacturing considerations Alterations 1 -30

How PCs Change/Evolve w Production and QC systems change continuously w Production can involve hundreds of processes and suppliers w Many PC holders are now “integrators”, not manufacturers w Change must be monitored and approved w Continued compliance depends on management competence PG 1 -12 1 -31

Changes in Airworthiness w Airworthiness certificate documents that aircraft: ÄConforms to approved design, and ÄIs in “condition for safe operation” w Certificate is valid if both are true 1 -32

Factors Affecting Airworthiness Status • Manufacturer service bulletin • Safety finding: AD, airworthiness alert • Change in use; including customization or refurbishment of the interior • Retroactive requirement • Accident • Repair • Aging PG 1 -13 1 -33

Certificate FAA Oversight Responsibility TC. . . Permanent PC. . . Indefinite, until PC is surrendered, suspended, or revoked Airworthiness Certificate. . . As long as aircraft is on U. S. registry w Flight Standards has field contact w AIR is responsible for airworthiness data to correct a problem PG 1 -14 1 -34

E. Policy Making Under Part 21 1. Part 21 policy defined 2. AIR-100/200 responsibility for Part 21 policy 3. Relationship to policy role of Accountable Directorates 4. Role of AIR-4 5. Role of the field in Part 21 policy 6. Role of other groups and FAA policies 7. How to obtain Part 21 policy PG 1 -14 1 -35

PART 21 Policy Defined • Agency decisions on Part 21 that are not regulations or rules. Includes? . . Ø Explanations of how the agency will implement the provisions of part 21. Ø Issue papers/policy memos that apply to one applicant or one product. PG 1 -15 1 -36

AIR-100/200 Responsibility AIR-100 responsible for TC policy. AIR-200 responsible for Production and Airworthiness. Q Both are responsible for TSOA and PMA. Headquarters takes the lead in developing new policy. Q Team members will include field, directorate and other FAA offices. PG 1 -15 1 -37

Policy Role of Directorates • HQ is responsible for Part 21 policy. • Directorates are responsible for technical policies. PG 1 -16 1 -38

Role of AIR-4 is the headquarters office with primary responsibility in international areas. Instrumental in developing import/export certification procedures. PG 1 -17 1 -39

Role of field in Part 21 Policy • The initiative for new policy quite often comes from field offices. • Field personnel serve on teams to develop new policy. • Field offices should not make Part 21 policy! PG 1 -17 1 -40

Role of Other Groups in Part 21 Policy Other groups and FAA offices also play a role in development of Part 21 Policy. • National Resource Specialists. • Flight Standards Service • Chief Counsel (AGC) • Industry “alphabet” groups (AIA, ATA, GAMA) PG 1 -17 1 -41

Part 21 Policy How to obtain Part 21 Policy – Policy is found in orders, notices, advisory circulars, letters, memos, faxes, NPRMs, etc. – Many Policy documents can be obtained from your geographic FAA office or are available on the internet. – http: //www. faa. gov/avr/airhome. htm – http: //av-info. faa. gov PG 1 -18 1 -42

Lesson Summary Aircraft Certification Service Introduction What is Part 21? Organization of Part 21 & Preview of Part 21 Certificates Part 21 Policy 1 -43