ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ پﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﻲ www. karafarini. ir ahmadpord@gmail. com
ﺩکﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ: ﺩکﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ: 03ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺳﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ: ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸکﺪﻩ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻔﺎﺕ: ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ 21ﺟﻠﺪ کﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ آﺪﺭﺱ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ: www. karafarini. ir پﺴﺖ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکﻲ: ahmadpord@gmail. com ﺗﻠﻔﻦ : 09631577 ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ : 76711112190
کﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩکﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺟﻨگﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ
کﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩکﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺷﻤﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ
کﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩکﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ 101 ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺣﻞ ﺧﻼﻕ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ
کﺘﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺩکﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ
ﺗکﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ 02ﺳﺎﻝ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ آﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺎ پﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻡ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ گﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ، ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ /ﺳﺎﻳﺖ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ Entrepreneurship Theory and ) ETP (practice ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻳک ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗکﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﺩﺭ گﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ آﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ) (www. karafarini. ir ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ پﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ آﻴﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ. ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ، گﺎﻣﻲ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ، ﻫﺪﻑ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺯﻧﻴﺪ. ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ چﻪ ﻫﺪﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺣﺮﻛﺘﻴﺪ، ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ، ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ، ﺍگﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ آﻴﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ آگﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﻤﺎ چﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲﺗﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﺍﻧگﻴﺰﻩﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ پﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﺪ.
ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ، ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑپﺮﺳﻴﺪ: * ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ 5 ﺳﺎﻝ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ؟ * ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ 01 ﺳﺎﻝ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ؟ ﻭﺍﻟﻲ آﺨﺮ. . . * ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ چگﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻡ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ؟ * چﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ؟ * چﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻢ؟
ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﺭﺍﺕ، ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ، ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ، ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥپﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ، ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻫﺎﻱ گﺬﺷﺘﻪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ. ﻫﻤﻪﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ آﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ چﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
چﺮﺍﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ چﺮﺍ ﻳک ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ چﺮﺍ ﻳک ﺷـﺮکـﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮکـﺖ ﺩﻳـگﺮﻋﻤﻠـکـﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ چﺮﺍ ﻳک ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﻋﻤﻠکﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ چﺮﺍ ﻳک کﺸــﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳـک کﺸـﻮﺭ ﺩﻳگــﺮ ﺑـﻬﺘــﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ؟
کﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ چگﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ کﺮﺩ؟ 1( ﺧﺎﻟﻘﻴﻦ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎ چـﻪ کﺴـﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟ 2( چگﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ؟
ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ کﻠﻴﺪﻱ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ کﺎآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ، کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ
GEM Model ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﺋﻴﺪ
GEM Model Major Established Firms General National Framework Conditions Social, Cultural, Political Context Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions National Economic Growth Micro, Small and Medium Firms Entrepreneurial Opportunities Business Dynamic Entrepreneurial Capacity
ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﻛﻮچﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ General National Framework Conditions Social, Cultural, Political Context • Openness (External Trade) • Government (Extent Role) Major Established Firms (Primary Economy) Economic • Financial Markets (Efficiency) • Technology R&D (Level, Intensity) Micro, Small and • Infrastructure (Physical) Medium Firms • Management (Skills) (Secondary Economy) • Labor Markets Flexible) • Institutions (Unbiased, Rule of Law) National Growth (GDP, jobs)
ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions • Financial Entrepreneurial Social, • Government Policies Opportunities Cultural, • Government Programs Political Context Economic • Education & Training • R&D Transfer • Commercial, Legal Infrastructure • Internal Market Openness • Access to physical Infrastructure • Cultural, Social Norms National Growth Entrepreneurial Capacity • Skills • Motivation (GDP, jobs)
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Model ﻫﺪﻑ GEM چﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ) (GEM ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺑﺴﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 9991 ﺑﺎ 01 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 0002 ﺑﻪ 12 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1002 ﺑﻪ 92 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 2002 ﺑﻪ 73 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ 6002 ﺑﻪ 93 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ
GEM ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. آﻨچﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 021 ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺩﺭ پﺮﻭژﻪ GEM ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ، ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ.
ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻑ GEM ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ آﻦ پﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺆﺎﻝ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﺗﺎ چﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ آﻴﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ؟ چﻪ چﻴﺰﻱ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ؟ چﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؟
پﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ GEM www. gemiran. ir ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 7002 )81 ﻣﻬﺮ 6831( ، ﺑﺎ پﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻮ GEM ﺑﻪ 74 ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ پژﻮﻫﺸﻲ GEM ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺗکﺎﻟﻴﻒ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 001 ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ کﻨﻴﺪ. 005 ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ گﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ کﻨﻴﺪ. ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ، کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻳک کﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ GEM ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ کﻨﺪ.
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ چﻴﺴﺖ؟ • ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ) (Business ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ) (Trade or Commerce • ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ Business چﻴﺴﺖ؟
ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ : ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻫﺎ ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ = ﺩﻻﻟﻲ، آﻘﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ، ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﻃﻠﺐ، ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺩ آﻮﺭﺩﻩ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ، ﺯﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. پﻴﺎﻣﺒﺮ گﺮﺍﻣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﺪ: ﺍﻟکﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨگ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ: ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ کﻮﺩکﻲ ﺩﺭﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ : آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ گﺬﺍﺭ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ
ﻧگﺎﻩ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ 1. ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭکﺎﺭ 2. ﻣﺮﺩﻡ چگﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ پﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻲ آﻮﺭﻧﺪ.
ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ کﻮچک کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ
کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ کﻮچک کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ کﻪ کﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 05 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎﻧک ﻣﺮکﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ 001 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ کﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻨگﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ کﻮچک ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲ کﻨﺪ.
کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻱ گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ کﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ کﻪ ﺩﺭ آﻦ کﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ کﻨﻨﺪ، ﺑﻴﻦ 05 ﺗﺎ 005 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻨگﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ کﻮچک ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ: ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺧﺮﺩ)1 -9 ﻧﻔﺮ ( ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ کﻮچک)01 -94 ﻧﻔﺮ( ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ)05 -942 ﻧﻔﺮ(
کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻪ آﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ کﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 005 ﻧﻔﺮ کﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ، ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ.
ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ 1. ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ Home Business 2. ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ Family Business 3. ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ Rural Business 4. ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ: Virtual Business 1. کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﻭ E Business 2. کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ کﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ
ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪی manufacturing کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ Service کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ Trade ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ)… (Nano Tech. IT. Bio Tech
ﺍﺻﻮﻝ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ چﻪ چﻴﺰﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟
ﺍﺻﻮﻝ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﺮکﺖﻫﺎ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ گﺬﺍﺭ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ
ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﺛﺮ گﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ چﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؟ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ چﻴﺴﺖ؟
ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ آﻤﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ: ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻬﺎﻱ آکﺎﺩﻣﻴک
5ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ 1 ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ کﺴﺐ ﻭکﺎﺭ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ، ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻲ 2آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ کﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ: آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ کﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮ، ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ، ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک 3ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ)ﻫﺎﻱ( کﺴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺮپﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. 4ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ کﺎﻻ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 5ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ- ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ- ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ آﺸﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻼﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻱ پﻨﺞ گﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ پﺮچﺎﻟﺶ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ کﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ آﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. 1. ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ چﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ چﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﺳﺖ. ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺻﺤﺖ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻴﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ چﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧگﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (ISIC) Third Revision http: //www. oit. org/public/english/bureau/stat/class/isic. htm Tabulation category A: Agriculture, hunting and forestry 01: Agriculture, hunting and related service activities 02: Forestry, logging and related service activities
Tabulation category B: Fishing 05: Fishing, operation of fish hatcheries and fish farms; service activities incidental to fishing
Tabulation category C: Mining and quarrying 10 Mining of coal and lignite; extraction of peat 11 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas; service activities incidental to oil and gas extraction, excluding surveying 12 Mining of uranium and thorium ores 13 Mining of metal ores 14 Other mining and quarrying
Tabulation category D: Manufacturing 15 Manufacture of food products and beverages 16 Manufacture of tobacco products 17 Manufacture of textiles 18 Manufacture of wearing apparel; dressing and dyeing of fur 19 Tanning and dressing of leather; manufacture of luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear 20 Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials 21 Manufacture of paper and paper products 22 Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media 23 Manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel
24 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 25 Manufacture of rubber and plastic products 26 Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 27 Manufacture of basic metals 28 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 29 Manufacture of machinery and equipment NEC (not elsewhere classified) 30 Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery 31 Manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus NEC 32 Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus 33 Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks 34 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 35 Manufacture of other transport equipment 36 Manufacture of furniture; manufacturing NEC 37 Recycling
Tabulation category E: Electricity, gas and water supply 40 Electricity, gas, steam and hot-water supply 41 Collection, purification and distribution of water
Tabulation category F: Construction 45 Construction
Tabulation category G: Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods 50 Sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; retail sale of automotive fuel 51 Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles 52 Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles; repair of personal and household goods
Tabulation category H: Hotels and restaurants 55 Hotels and restaurants
Tabulation category I: Transport, storage and communications 60 Land transport; transport via pipelines 61 Water transport 62 Air transport 63 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies 64 Post and telecommunications
Tabulation category J: Financial intermediation 65 Financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding 66 Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security 67 Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation
Tabulation category K: Real estate, renting and business activities 70 Real estate activities 71 Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods 72 Computer and related activities 73 Research and development 74 Other business activities
Tabulation category L: Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 75 Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Tabulation category M: Education 80 Education Tabulation category N: Health and social work 85 Health and social work
Tabulation category O: Other community, social and personal service activities 90 Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities 91 Activities and membership organizations NEC 92 Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 93 Other service activities Tabulation category P: Private households with employed persons 95 Private households with employed persons Tabulation category Q: Extra-territorial organizations and bodies 99 Extra-territorial organizations and bodies
ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ Home Business ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ Family Business کﺴﺐ ﻭکﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺎ ﺯﻱ Virtual کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ کﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ E Business ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ Rural Business ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ کﻮچک ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ SME ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ Large Scale Business ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻲ ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ کﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻴﻮ IT
ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ Home Business ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ، ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺳکﻮﻧﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ، کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻣکﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ، ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ ﻣﻲگﻮﻳﻨﺪ. کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ کﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ آﺰﺍﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ کﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ پﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺷ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺗﻨﺎﺳ پﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻱ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ کﻢ پﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻳﺴک ﺍﺣﺘﻤ ﺍﻣکﺎﻥ کﺎﺭ کﺮﺩﻥ پﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﻨﺎﺳ
ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ Family Business کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ، ﻳک ﻧﻮﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ آﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺑﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ کﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻳک ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸکﻴﻞ آﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ کﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻤچﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ • ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ • ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ • ﺗﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻫﻨگﻲ ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ – ﺷﺮﻛﺖ )ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ( • ﻭﺣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﻳگﺎﻧگﻲ • ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭگﻴﺮﻱ • ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﻳژگﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻘﺎ • ﺟﻬﺖ گﻴﺮﻱ پﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ • ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ • ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ • ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ • ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ • ﺳﺎﺯگﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺪﻑ )ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ( • ﺍﻓﻖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ
ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ Rural Business ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺟﺰ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ کﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ: . 1 ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ پﺎﺳﺨگﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻲپﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ . 2 ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ چﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴچ . 3 ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻣﺘﺰﺍﺝ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺭﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩگﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ
کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ، ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ پﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ کﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮ، ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﻱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳکﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ، ﺳﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
The Hong Kong Advantage
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﺎﻟﺘﺎ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ چﻴﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ آﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ چﻴﺴﺖ؟ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﻳک ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ کﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﻭﺩ، ﺑﻠکﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ کﺎﺭکﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍگﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ آﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ، ﺩﻳگﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ آﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ کﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﺪ.
ﺩﻭ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 1 ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی 2 ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻠی ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی Web Economy
Three revolutions Entrepreneurial Revolution Digital Revolution Internet Revolution
Entrepreneurial-Internet-Digital Revolution (EID) Entrepreneurial Internet Revolution E-I-D Digital Revolution
Time for new technologies to reach 25% of the U. S. population Household electricity (1873) Telephone (1875) Automobile (1885) Airplane travel (1903) Radio (1906) Television (1925) VCR (1952) PC (1975) Cellular phone World Wide Web 46 years 35 years 54 years 22 years 26 years 34 years 15 years 13 years 7 years 67 source: Wall Street Journal, June 1997
Internet Revolution n n Internet Revolution Most important mass communication medium since television. Combines all other methods of communication: mail, newspapers, magazines, telephone, radio, TV, movies… First major new channel of distribution since the telephone. In the Internet distribution channel: – Each customer is an individual market segment. – Every customer can have “perfect” information.
Digital Revolution n Digital Revolution More and more power for less and less cost. “Moore’s Law” – Processing power – Memory n Transmission is faster and faster. – – – Cable Satellite DSL Wireless Optical
E-I-D Modern Revolutionaries Masayoshi Son Softbank Jeffrey Bezos Amazon. com Person of the Year 1999 Time Magazine
EID’s are transforming the economy with creative destruction In 2000, 10 of the top-25 most valuable companies in the U. S. are EIDs n
Government U. S. government funded the original n Internet. Software that made the WWW possible was developed at CERN laboratory in Europe. U. S. moved swiftly to change copyright laws to protect intellectual capital. U. S. government has taken a “hands-off” stance with Internet entrepreneurship. U. S. deregulated its telephone industry. Antitrust suit against Microsoft. n n n
Government U. S. government funded the original Internet. Software that made the WWW possible was developed at CERN laboratory in Europe. U. S. moved swiftly to change copyright laws to protect intellectual capital. U. S. government has taken a “hands-off” stance with Internet entrepreneurship. U. S. deregulated its telephone industry. Antitrust suit against Microsoft. n n n
Society and culture: America is quick to reward its technology entrepreneurs In 2000, 23 of the 400 richest Americans earned their fortunes from software. Most are billionaires (In 1982, not one of the top-400 was from software. ) In 2000, at least 93 of the top-400 earned their fortunes from ICT ventures. Most are billionaires. 74 source: Forbes
Economy Booming U. S. economy facilitated the n fast adoption of the Web. Now the Web is a significant driving n force in the growth of the new economy. Web is new channel of distribution. n Keeps prices low. – Reduces transaction costs. – Increases productivity. – Speeds delivery; reduces inventory. –
Education Higher education institutes have been n central in the Internet revolution. Cisco (Stanford) Netscape (Illinois) Yahoo (Stanford) Lycos (Carnegie Mellon) Akamai (MIT) Tim Berners-Lee (MIT) – – –
Three revolutions Entrepreneurial Revolution Internet Revolution Digital Revolution
ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ E Business ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻲ، ﻣﺎﻟﻲ، ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ، ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ، ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ، ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪگﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ. . . ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲگﻴﺮﺩ، ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ E Commerce ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ، ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ E Business ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ آﻨﻼﻳﻦ 2 - ﺧﺮﻳﺪ، ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﺝ ﻛﺎﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ 3 - ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ 4 - ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪﻱ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳگﺮﺍﻥ 5 - ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻣپﺮﺍﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ آﻤﻮﺯﺵ
ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ 6 - ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪﻱ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ 7 - چﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺎ 8 - پﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪگﺮﻱ 9 - ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ 10 - ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ
ﻭﺍژﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭﺍژﻪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ : ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ Entreprenure ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ) (Undertake ﻧﺸﺎﺕ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻏﺎﺭﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ آﻨچﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻘﺶ “ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ “ ) ( Change Agent ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ “ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ “ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ آﻨﺮﺍ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﺀ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ.
ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ژﻮﺯﻑ ﺷﻮﻣپﻴﺘﺮ 4391 Josep Schumpeter ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺪﻭﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ“ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻼﻕ“) (Creative Destruction ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺪ. ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﻭﻳژگﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ “ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻼﻕ “ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﻱ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺎﻻﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ گﺸﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ - ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮگﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ
کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ )ﺍﺣﻤﺪپﻮﺭ 9991( کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓکﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳک کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ) کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧگﻲ ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩگﻲ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ کﻮچک ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ. . . ( ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ کﻪ ﺗﻮﺃﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ، ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ آﺒﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺜﻴﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.
ﻧکﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ: 1 ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓکﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ = ﺧﻼﻗﻴﺖ 2 ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ= چگﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ کﺴﺐ ﻭکﺎﺭ ) ( PB ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻲ کﻨﻴﻢ. ) ﺑﺴﻴﺞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ چﻪ ؟( 3 - ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ= ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ - ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻼﻕ ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ چﻴﺴﺖ؟
آﻴﺎ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻳک ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ کﺎﺭگﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ کﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ
کﺴﻲ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ کﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ چﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﻢ؟! ﺷﻐﻞ ﺍﻭ چﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻣﺎﻟک- کﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ- ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ- پﻮﻟﺪﺍﺭ-ﺯﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻲ گﻮﺋﻴﻢ.
ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ profit - Making & Opportunity Seeking ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻲ Non - Profit Institutions ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻲ - ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ Govgernmental Non - Profit & Philanthropy Organization Renewal ﻧﻮﺳﺎﺯﻱ Individual ﻓﺮﺩﻱ Entrepreneurship social ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ Entrepreneurship ﻓﺮﺍﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ Intrapreneurship or Corporate Venturing ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ Changing the Competition Rules ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ Entrepreneurial Organization ( ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻲ ) ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ Corporate Entrepreneurship ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ
ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨی ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﻳژﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ گﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ آﻤﻴﺰ، ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ آﻤﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ) Austin 6002, . & Stevenson ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ پﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ، ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ پﻴﺶ ﻧگﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ، ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺑﻘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺪگﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. )0002, (Mort&Weerawardena
ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ: ﻗﺮﻭﻥ 51 ﻭ 61 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ » ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ پﺮﻭژﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ « ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻼکﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺣکﻮﻣﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺌﻮﺩﺍﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭپﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ کﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ پﺮﻭژﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﻲگﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲپﺬﻳﺮﺩ، ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣکﻮﻣﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ کﻠﻴﺴﺎ، ﻗﻠﻌﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ: ﻗﺮﻥ 71 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ » ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩپﺬﻳﺮﻱ « ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ: ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ. کﺎﻧﺘﻴﻠﻮﻥ ﻳکﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ، کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ گﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ: » کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ کﺴﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺧﺮﺩ، ﺭﻭﻱ آﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﻭﺷﺪ، ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩپﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. « کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ کﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻧﺎﻥ، ﺻﻨﻌﺘگﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﻣﺎﻟکﺎﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﻳﺪ.
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ: ﻗﺮﻭﻥ 81 ﻭ 91 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ » ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻳگﺮﺍﻥ ﺻﺤﻨﻪﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ « ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦکﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ. ﻳﻌﻨﻲ کﺴﻲ کﻪ "ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ" ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ کﺴﻲ کﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺩﻳﺴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳکﻲ ﺍﺯ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، پﺎﻳﻪگﺬﺍﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ، ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺬ ﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪگﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲکﺮﺩ. ﻫﻤچﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﻣﻴﺎﻥ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ گﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. کﺴﻲ کﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ کﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲکﻨﺪ، ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ چﻬﺎﺭﻡ: ﺩﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ » ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ « ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻳک ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺑﺮآﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ کﺮﺩ: - کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ، ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ کﺎﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﻮﺯﻑ ﺷﻮﻣپﻴﺘﺮ 4391(. - کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲکﻨﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ کﻪ ﺩﻳگﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ آﻨﺎﻥ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺪکﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ چﻴﺰ، ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳک ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳک ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ کﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻘﺎﻱ آﻨﻬﺎﺳﺖ.
ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ پﻨﺠﻢ: ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ )ﺍﺯ 0891 ﺗﺎکﻨﻮﻥ( » ﺭﻭﻳکﺮﺩ چﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ « ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ کﻮچک ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊکﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻭ کﺎﺭ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ، کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪگﺎﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲگﺮﻓﺖ، ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ، ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ گﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻋﻤﺪﻩﻱ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺣﺮکﺖ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻱ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ کﺮﺩ: - کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ، ﺭﻭﻧﺪ پﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺍﻳﻦ کﺎﺭ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ کﺴﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ کﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳک ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻲپﺬﻳﺮﺩ.
ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺷﻮﻣپﻴﺘﺮﻱ ژﻮﺯﻑ ﺷﻮﻣپﻴﺘﺮ)4391 : (Joseph Schumpeter ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﻱ، ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ، ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ “ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻼﻕ“ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳگﺮ، ﻭﻳژگﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ، ﻫﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ، ﻫﻤﺎﻥ “ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻼﻕ “ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻮﻣپﻴﺘﺮ، ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻳﻞ، ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ: - ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪﻱ ﻛﺎﻻﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ - ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪﻱ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ - گﺸﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ - ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ - ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮگﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩآﻤﻴﺰ، ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺃﺲ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩآﻤﻴﺰﻧﺪ، ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻮﻱ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻼﻗﻴﺖ، ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
10 D ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﻱ. ﺑﺎﻳگﺮﺍﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺮکﺰ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ کﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﺎﺑﺴﻮﻥ ﺩﻩ ﻭﻳژگﻲ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻲ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻩ ﺭﺍژﻪ ﺍﻧگﻠﻴﺴﻲ کﻪ ﻫﻤگﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ D آﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ کﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ 10 D ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺭﻭﻳﺎ: Dream ﺷﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ، ﺑﺼﻴﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ آﻨچﻪ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ آﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ، آﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻗﺎﻃﻌﻴﺖ: Decisiveness کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ گﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ آﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺍﻫﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ: Doers ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ گﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ، ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ: Determination ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺧﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. آﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺣﻞ ﻧﺸﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻣﻲ
ﻭﻗﻒ ﻛﺎﺭ: Dedication ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ، ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﻗﻒ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ، ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ گﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. آﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺧﺴﺘگﻲ، ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻲگﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ، چﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. ﺩﻟﺒﺴﺘگﻲ: Devotion ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، ﻋﺎﺷﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎ ﻧگﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻱ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ
ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ: Details گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺰﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ، ﻫﺮگﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﺧﻴﺰ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ. ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ: Destiny آﻨﻬﺎﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
پﻮﻝ: Dollars ﺛﺮﻭﺗﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ، ﺍﻧگﻴﺰﻩﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. پﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻨﻬﺎﺳﺖ. آﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ چﻨﺎﻧچﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ پﺎﺩﺍﺵ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ: Distribution ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ، ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ.
ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎﻱ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ
ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻥﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖﻃﻠﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺴک ﻭ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ گﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻗﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ
ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ پﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻦ، ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ، ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ، ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ، ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﻓﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ، ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻦ )ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ آﻤﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ، ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺟﺪﺍﻥ کﺎﺭﻱ.
ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻳژگﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﻱ کﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﺿﺎﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟگﻮ
ﻧگﺎﻩ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ: ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ، ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻼﺀﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭﻙ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ، ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭگﺮﺩﻱ)ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ، ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ. . . ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ )ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ( ﻳﺎ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻥ، ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ. . . ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ آﻦ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ )ﻳﺎ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮگﺮﺍﻧﻪ، ﻧگﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺻﺖگﺮﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ، ﺩﺭ پﻲ ﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻭ. . . ( گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻧگﺎﻩ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ: ﺧﻼﺀﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧگﻴﺰﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ، ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺪگﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ، ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ. . . ﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧگﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﻛﻤﻚ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﺪﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ) ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ( ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎی پﺸﺘیﺒﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺭﺋیﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ
ﺩﺍﻧﺶ گﺮﺍ)ﻣﺪﺍﺭ( کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭگﺮﺍ ﻓﻨی ﻭ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍی ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻦ
ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮپﻲ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﻳکﺮﺩ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭی ﻣﺎﻟی ﺧﻼﻗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﻋﺰﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﻞ ﻭ آﻘﺎی ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧگﻠﻴﺴی IT ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻃﻠﺐ کﺮﺩﻥ کﺎﺭﻭﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻋﻤﻞ گﺮﺍﻳی ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭی ﺭﻭﻳکﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ
ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ پﺸﺘیﺒﺎﻥ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟگﻮی ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧیﻨی ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪیﻦ ﺩﺭآﻤﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎی کﻮﺩکﺎﻥ پﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ آﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭیﺎﻫﺎی کﻮﺩک ﺧﺮیﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ چﻨﺪ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺎیی ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧگﻠیﺴی ﺭﻭیﺎیی کﺮﺩﻥ کﺴﺐ ﻭکﺎﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ گﻮﻧﺎگﻮﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ آﺸﻨﺎیی ﺗکﻤیﻠی ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍیی – آﺸﻨﺎیی ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗی ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ: ﻓﺮآیﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻫﺒﺮ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩیﻨﻪ کﺮﺩﻥ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻨی: ﻓﺮآیﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻫﺒﺮ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻨی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﺩیﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﻫﻨگ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻟکﻮﻣﻮﺗیﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﺍیﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺎیی It ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺣﺲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺸﻮیﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠی
ﺭﺋیﺲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧگﺮﺵ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻋﺰﻡ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﻼﻗیﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ کﺴﺐ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ کﺎﺭ گﺮﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﺋیﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟی ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻩ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭی ﺍﻟکﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺒیﺐ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨگ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮیﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨگ کﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭی کﺎﺭ
ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ - ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺛﺮﻭﺕ ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻧگﻴﺰﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺯﺍﻳﻲ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻲ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭﻱ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ؛ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ پﻮﻳﺎ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺤﻠﻲ ) ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﻳﻚ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺯﻧﺪگﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ (
ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻮﺭﻭﻛﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ) ﻛﺎﻫﺶ پﺸﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻮﻕ ﻋﻤﻞ گﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ … ( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻣﺜﻞ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ؛ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ؛ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ … ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﺣﺲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ؛ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺯ آﻨﻬﺎ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻜپﺎﺭچگﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ. - ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺧﻠﻞ ؛ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻨگﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ.
7 ﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨی 1 ﻫﻤگﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی 2 کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ گﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ 3 ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭگﺮﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ 4 ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژﻴک 5 ﺩﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ – ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻠی ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی )ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ( ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘی ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی )ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎی ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ( 6 ﻧﻮآﻮﺭی 7 ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨی )ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎی کﺎﺭآﻔﺮﻳﻨﺎﻧﻪ(
ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی چﻪ ﺗﺄﺜیﺮی ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژیﻬﺎی ﻓﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ کﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟
ﺗﺄﺜیﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ: پﻨﺞ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ آیﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ 1: ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻧگﻠیﺴی ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ 2: : IT ﺍیﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ+ کﺎﻣپیﻮﺗﺮ+ - E Commerce ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ 3: ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ : ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺮپﺮﺳﺘی ﻭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ 4: ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭیﺎﺑی : ﺧﺮیﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ - e Marketing ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ 5: ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﻣﺎﻟی: ﻫﺰیﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ کﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﺮﻓﻌﺎﻟیﺖ
ﺗﺄﺜیﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی 1 ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳیﻮﻥ ﺑیﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﺭی ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧی. 2 ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳیﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺗﻮﻟیﺪ. 3 ﺗﻐییﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژیک ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺯی ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘی.
ﺗﺄﺜیﺮ ﺩﺭ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی 1 ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ کﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ 2 ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎ 3 ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ 4 ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸگﺎﻫﻬﺎ 5 ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻤﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ پﺮﻭﺭﺵ
پﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸکﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ
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