ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ Golan Return Is Remedy for Distributing Fairly Jordan Basin Water ﻓﻴﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻋﻲ Faisal Rifai ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻮﻥ ﻻﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ 2009 ﺑﻴﺮﻭﺕ 21 ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ The Fiftieth Memorial of the Martyrdom of the Late Engineer Ibrahim Abd Al Al may God have mercy on him Beirut, Lebanon November 12, 2009
ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ARABIC WORDS FOR GRADING BODY WATER NEED 12345 678 - Al Al Al Atash Thama Sada ﺍ Ghoullah ﺍ Louhbah ﺍ Dehydration starts Al Houyam (burning thirst or affectionate love) Al Ouam Al Jouad (dying of thirst) 1 ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ 2 - ﺍﻟﻈﻤﺄ 3 ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ 4 - ﺍﻟﻐﻠﺔ ( 5 ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺒﺔ 6 - ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺎﻡ )ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻗﺔ ( -7 ﺍﻷﻮﺍﻡ 8 - ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﺩ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺕ ﻋﻄﺸﺎ
ﻳﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ 0021 ﻙ ﻡ ﻡ ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ 0021 ﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ . 004 ﻡ 150000 ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ 7691 ﺍﺧﺮﺟﺖ 1981 ﺳﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻳﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺼﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ The Golan located in the southwestern part of Syria Surface 1200 Sq Km Semi-mountainous escarpment, ranging in height from 400 to 1200 meters. Israel occupied the Golan in 1967 causing 150, 000 Syrian residents to flee their homes. Israel enacted in 1981 a legislation extending civil law as ominous sign of annexation.
The Israelis have used several arguments for holding on to the Golan Heights. ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﺬﺭﻉ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺣﺠﺞ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ Hydraulic engineers used Israel water needs, ﻓﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ the military stressed the importance of topography for national security ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﺃﻜﺪﻭﺍ ﺃﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ and others sought religious interpretations from the Old Testament of Eretz Israel while political historians argued about the 1923 border line as if Israel existed then. . ﻭﺳﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻷﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ 1923 ﻭﺟﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺮﺧﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻛﺄﻦ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ
. ﻭﺻﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺮﺑﻌﻴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 00051 ﻓﻲ 33 ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺓ The occupying population exceeded 15, 000 Israelis living now in over 33 new . settlements
ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ 008 ﻡ ﻡ ﻡ/ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ All the sources of the Jordan River are now under Israeli control and the water resources of the Golan amounting to 800 MCM/year are being diverted to Israel.
Average Rainfall=290 mm Area=6721 km 2 Population 1. 54 M Surface Water = 180 M. m 3 Groundwater=267 M. m 3 Total available water = 447 Mill. m 3 Per Capita Utilization 290 m 3/year Philips Estimate 779 m 3/year ? Syria M. m 3 % Uses 400 81 Irrigation 89 17. 5 Domestic Water Use = 496 M. m 3 Deficit = - 80 Mill. m 3 Yarmouk Basin in Syria 7 1. 5 Industry 31 Evaporation 527 Total Source: Ministry of Irrigation
Israel must recognize that the continued occupation is eroding its own security. The reality is that permanent peace in the region will never happen unless the Golan and other Arab lands are returned and the legitimate rights are given. Israel by not dealing with these facts is delaying the inevitable. ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻦ ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﺃﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺿﺪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻻﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ . ﻻﺻﺤﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺎﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻮﻻﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺄﺨﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻡ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻦ
ﺃﻦ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻦ ﻳﺆﺴﺲ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ . ﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﺨﻄﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ The hegemony and status quo that the Israelis have used to keep their grip on the Golan and on other Arab lands are delusions from the perpetuity mentality
ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ Integrated Management of Transboundary Basin ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺸﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ؟ What are the success and failures stories of hydro solidarity and IWRM at basin level? ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻖ؟ How to organize and enable stakeholders participation ? ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺪﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻮﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ؟ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﺩﻳﻤﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ How can transboundary water resources be managed more sustainably by all the riparian countries concerned? What are the tools to be used for better basin management and transboundary cooperation over surface and ground water ?
Lessons Learnt from ETIC Work ﺧﺒﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ • Autonomy enhanced ETIC position regionally and internationally • Track II Diplomacy approach fostered dialogue and mutual understanding • Development focus spared ETIC contentious issues. • Ministries of Foreign Affairs are the decision makers in transboundary water. • Counterparts from government institutions are essential • Neutrality helped ETIC become a facilitating platform. • ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﺕ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﺭﺳﺨﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺓﺎﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ • ﺃﻨﻘﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺧﻼﻓﻴﺔ • ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ • ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ • ﺳﺎﻋﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻦ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻨﺒﺮﺍ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ
Jordan River Basin Options? ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ 1. International laws • Absolute Territorial Sovereignty • Restricted Territorial Sovereignty • Helsinki Rules on the Uses of Waters of International Rivers • Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses help little in solving disputes ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺮﺽ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻫﻠﺴﻨﻜﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ . 2. Using Concepts of • Positive Sum Outcome • Benefit Sharing • Need Testing for Practicality ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ FOUNDING JORDAN RIVER INITIATIVE FOR COOPERATION (JRIC) ETIC is a model ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﺴﻴﺲ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ: ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ
Jordan River Basin Options? ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ Arab stakeholders work out and implement a joint tactical plan ﻣﺎﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﺎﺟﻠﺔ ﻭﻳﻨﻔﺬﻭﻫﺎ Accurate evaluation of the JRB water is made Use water efficiently in consideration for the present political, economic and social conditions raising public awareness Organizing capacity building programs, Encouraging graduate students to select research work Compiling data jointly, producing documents in Arabic on the of the JRB, ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﻭﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎ ﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ . ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺔ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺚ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ . ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
Jordan River Basin Options? ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ • Form Arab expert teams from hydraulic engineers, legal advisors, political analysts and socio-economic specialists address jointly the problems of the JRB oduce reliable framework for negotiations with the Israelis. • Mitigate the risks in the JRB of water scarcity, pollution, demand increase and misuse. • Politicians in the Arab countries join them in solving problems of injustice in a land polluted with blood and destruction. THE ROAD IS LONG ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﺓﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺪ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻭﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ . ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺧﺒﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺒﺬﻟﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﺪﻫﻢ ﻟﺪﺭﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺋﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻨﻀﻤﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﺆﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﺤﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ
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