ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺟﻴﻮ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ 21 -0102/61 AL-Quds University Department of Geography Dr. Fayez Freijat 1
ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺮ ﺗﺰﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻭﺩ 2
ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ. . . ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻢ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﻔﻴﺔ ؟ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻪ, ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻪ, ﻓﺨﻼﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺃﻮﺳﻠﻮ ﻳﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ "ﺝ" ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﺍﻷﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ. 3 ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﻔﻘﺪ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ آﻔﺎﻕ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺳﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻮ ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﻪ ﺃﺨﺮﻯ ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺳﺘﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻛﻤﻬﻨﻪ ﺃﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ؟
ﻣﻨﻬﺞ DPSIR ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻭﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﻮﺿﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﻓﻊ: ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻤﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ: ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ )ﺝ( ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ: ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺮﺍﺕ: ﺍﻹﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ: ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ 4
Taba map Grozman plan Palestiian Territories Israel Palestine 5
The Wall 6
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻘﺎﻟﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺮﺽ, ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ, ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺆﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻤﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ. 7 ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ, ﻭﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺜﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ
Water Distribution l l l Palestinians are given limited access to their own resource. Israelis capture 80% of the water and use it for their own purposes. The Palestinians have not been able to drill wells since 1967, thus they cannot tap into this aquifer. 8
Water use per Capeta l l Israelis use about 4 times the amount of water per capita - 340: 82 (cubic meter). Palestinians receive less than 1/5 th the daily-required (cubic meter) of water. 9
National Israeli Carier: l Mountain Aquifer l National Water Carrier l Coastal Aquifer 10
ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ: ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻔﺰ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻻ ﺯﺣﻒ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ n ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻔﺰ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻻ ﺯﺣﻒ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻱ, ﻭﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ, ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺼﻤﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺮﺿﻪ. 11
ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ 21 l ﻳﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ "ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ, ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻪ, ﺃﻮﻟﻮﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ, ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ
ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻼﺡ l ﻣﻦ ﺃﺒﺮﺯ ﺳﻤﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ. l ﻳﺘﺄﺘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺮﺓ ﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ, l ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 07% ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ, ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ. 31
ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ l ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺷﻜﻼ ﻟﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ, ﻭﺑﺪﻳﻼ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻵﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺄﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ. 41
ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻵﺨﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﻔﻪ ﻣﻼﺯﻣﻪ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ l ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ, ﻭﺃﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ. l ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻲ, ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﻪ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ. l ﻭﺃﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺇﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ 51
ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻷﺴﺎﺳﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﻒ l ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍ ) ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ( ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ, ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻤﻞ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ 61
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ l ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺎﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ, ﻣﻊ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﻟﻸﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ. l ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻤﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻄﻴﻦ. 71
ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ l l l ﻭﺗﺎﻳﻼﻧﺪ - ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺭﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﺗﺨﺬﺕ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ, ﺗﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺪﻯ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺪﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ, ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﺮﻫﻢ. ﺗﺆﻜﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﻏﺮﺑﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻦ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺩﺧﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ, ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻠﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭ. ﺧﻔﻀﺖ ﺗﺎﻳﻼﻧﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ 0691 -8891 ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ 63% ﺇﻟﻰ 71% ﺃﻤﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 06% 81
ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﻭﺭﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺣﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ 75% ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻮﺳﻠﻮ ﻃﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺔ ﺍﻷﻮﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺵ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ 7691 -7891
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ l ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺄﺠﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﻤﻠﻪ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻻﻧﺤﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ. l %75 ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ 34% ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻮﺳﻠﻮ, ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ 1. 35% ﺣﻀﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ 4. 13% ﻟﻠﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ 5. 51% ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻴﻤﺎﺕ 02
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ l ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺭﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺗﻨﻬﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻛﺄﺤﺪ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻒ, ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﺍﻷﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ. ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ 12
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ l 22 ﺃﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍ ﺍﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺮﺩﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ, ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻠﻐﺘﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻠﻲ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻤﻴﺬ ) ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ( ﻭﺍﻷﺮﺽ ﻭﺳﻴﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺍﻵﺨﺬ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ.
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺳﺘﻤﺎ ﺤﺴ ﻋ ﻦ ﻜﻢ 32 ﺍﻷﺮﺽ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ
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