ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ، ﺑﺎﻧکﺪﺍﺭی ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک ﻭ گﻤﺮک ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی E-Commerce & E – Banking
ﺗﺎﻓﻠﺮ : ﺟﻬﺎﻥ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤی ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍی 03 ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ IT ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. Alvin Tofler
ü ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﺘی ü ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ü ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﺘی ü ﺗﺎﺟﺮ کﺴی ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﺷﻐﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ. ü ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ کﻪ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗی ﺩﺭ آﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎی 0691 ﺗﺎ 0991 ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ)ﺍﺯ 0117 ﺑﻪ 00612ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ( ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟی کﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ 62 ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ 9 ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮی ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ، ﺑﻴﺎﻧگﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ کﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻤچﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ کﻠﻴﺪی ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻃﺒﻖ آﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭی ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺟی ﺗﻮﺳﻂ کﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 06 ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 07ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 07 ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 003 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ، ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 08 ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 065 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 09 ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 0003 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺳﻬﻢ 51 کﺸﻮﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ی ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ﻓﻘﻂ %5 ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ %52 ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
پﻨﺞ ﻭﻳژگﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ : 1. ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. 2. گﺴﺘﺮﺩگﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻢ پﻴﻮﺳﺘگﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ پﻮﻟﻲ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻲ 3. گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ کﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ 4. گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻭ کﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ 5. ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ کﺎﺭ گﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎ
WTO Globalization EU , NAFTA , APEC ISO 9000 , ISO 14000 ISO 17799 Series
ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ WTO v ﻣکﺎﻥ: ژﻨﻮ v ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ : ﻣﺬﺍکﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺭﻭگﻮﺋﻪ) 49 -6891( v ﺍﻋﻀﺎ : 841 کﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 61 ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ 5002
ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ WTO 1 ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ کﻞ گﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺩﺭ WTO ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ. 2 ﺗﺸکﻴﻞ گﺮﻭﻩ کﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ. 3 ﺑﺤﺚ گﺮﻭﻩ کﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪگﺎﻥ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻲ. 4 ﺗﻬﻴﻪ گﺰﺍﺭﺵ گﺮﻭﻩ کﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ پﻴﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﺲ پﺮﻭﺗکﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﻼﺱ ﻃﺮﻓﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻫﺪ.
ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ WTO ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 4731 ﺍﻟﻲ 4831 1( ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﻱ 2( ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ 3( کﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺗکﻠﻴﻔﻲ 4( کﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺗکﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ 5( ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺠﻮﺯﻫﺎ 6( ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ کﺎﻻﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭ 7( ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻧکﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻧکﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ آﺰﺍﺩ کﺸﻮﺭ 8( ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ گﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ 9( ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی
Accession working parties established for Iran n The General Council, on 26 May 2005, established separate working parties to examine the membership applications of Iran respectively. n The WTO has 148 Members. The establishment of accession working parties for Iran, and Principe brings to 30 the number of governments negotiating entry into the WTO.
ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ
-Hong kong - Singapore - New Zealand - Swiss - Uk - USA - Australia - Canada - Ireland - Luxembourg
ﺑﺮﺧی ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎی ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺭ گﻤﺮک Ø کﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ کﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮی گﻤﺮک Ø ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺭﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑی ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺎﺑی ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺑﺎﺏ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ Ø ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﺍﺭﺩکﻨﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ کﺎﺭﺍﻥ Ø ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگی ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ گﻤﺮک ﺟﻬﺎﻧی Ø ﺍﻣکﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑی کﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺪﺍﺀ Ø ﺣﺮکﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ پﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ WTO
ASYCUDA n ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ آﺴﻴکﻮﺩﺍ ی + + کﻪ ﻳک ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ گﻤﺮک ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ کﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮی ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣی ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺟی ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ; ﺗﻤﺎﻣی ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی گﻤﺮکی ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﻔﺴﺖ ﻫﺎی گﻤﺮک ﻭ ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪﻫﺎی گﻤﺮکی ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻣی گﻴﺮﺩ. آﺴﻴکﻮﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ کﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ آﻦ ﺭﺍ UNCTAD ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ کﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻋﻀﺎی گﻤﺮک ﺟﻬﺎﻧی WCO ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ گﻤﺮک ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭی ﺍﺳﻼﻣی ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ پﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ چﻨﺪﻳﻦ گﻤﺮک کﺸﻮﺭ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ISO ﻭ WCO ﻭ UN ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. n ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳگﺮ آﺴﻴکﻮﺩﺍی + + ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺳﻨﺘی گﻤﺮک ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ پﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯی ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻳک ﺿﺮﻭﺕ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣی ﺷﻮﺩ.
INCOTERMS
EXW
FCA
FAS
FOB
CFR
CIF
CPT
CIP
DAF
DES
DEQ
DDU
DDP
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ چﻴﺴﺖ؟
EB= EC + BI+ CRM + SCM + ERP کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی = ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧیکی + ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪی )ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎیی(ﺗﺠﺎﺭی + ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮی + ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ + ﺑﺮﻧﻠﻤﻪ ﺭیﺰی ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺷﺮکﺖ
E- Business کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺭ 8 ﺑﺨﺶ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣی ﻣی گیﺮﺩ 1 - Business- to – consumer (B 2 c) ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ 2 - Business- to Business (B 2 B) ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮکﺖ 3 - consumer to consumer (c 2 c) ﻣﺼﺮﻑ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ 4 - Business- to –Government (B 2 G) ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ 5 -Government to consumer(G 2 c) ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ 6 -People-to-People (P 2 P) ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ 7 - Business-to–Employment ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺎ کﺎﺭکﻨﺎﻥ -to-Exchange ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣی گیﺮﺩ B 2 B & B 2 C ﺑیﺸﺘﺮیﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧیکی ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ Note: Major E- Business: –Shorter Product Life ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳیکﻞ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ کﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺗﺮ Cycle (PLC) -Increase Fragmented ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ Markets - Easier Access for ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ کﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺯیﻊ Distribution Channels -Via E- mail ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ پﺴﺖ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧیکی Connection
ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی Ø Ø Ø ﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ : ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی – ﻣﺮﺩﻡ )ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ( ، ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟژی ﻫﺎ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ : ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻃﺮﺡ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ : ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﻫﺎی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ، ﺳﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻮی ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ، ﺍﺻﻮﻝ کﻠﻴﺪی ﻃﺮﺍﺣی ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ : ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣی ﺍﺻﻞ چﻬﺎﺭﻡ : ﻃﺮﺍﺣی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺮک ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﻭ ﻓﻦ آﻮﺭی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. کﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﻣﺪﻝ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺏ ( ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺝ( ﻃﺮﺍﺣی IS ﺩ(ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪﻫﺎی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻩ ( کﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ( ﻃﺮﺍﺣی ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی پﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧی ﺍﺻﻞ پﻨﺠﻢ: ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧی ﺍﺳﺖ. : ﺗﺎکﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ
n CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is a fundamental critical component for planning and development of strategic applications. It is a new application of computer-based science in case of increasing the selling and revenue of organization. (Corner, 2002) n Moreover, CRM is about creating a meaningful relationship with customers and satisfying their needs and it is important as understanding customers. n SCM (Supply Chain Management) is a process that makes an opportunity for companies to buy, make, store, ship, and sell products and services. The supply chain management is profitable when communicating every where in the most efficient manner. (Ferries , 2000) n Last but not least, ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) refers to back office operations such as order entry, purchasing, invoicing, and inventory control. ERP systems allow organizations to optimize business processes while lowering cost.
Feed back Loop e-Marketing EC SCM pharmaceutical industry[ Policy &Strategy Process ERP e-Serves BI CRM Reputation Image Knowledge Management e-CRM satisfaction confidence Value Structure Technology E-Business e-Sales Fidelity Internet Feed back Loop Loyalty
1. on-line/real time information throughout all the functional areas of an organization 2. data standardization and accuracy across the enterprise 3. "best-practices" included in the applications the efficiency they force an organization to undertake 4. the analysis and reporting that can be used for long term planning 5. The analysis and reporting that can be used for long term planning
n Information entered once into system n Forces use of "best practices" n Allows customization n Based on reliable file structure n Provides functionality to interact with other modules n Provides tools for adhoc inqueries
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟی کﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی ﻏﺎﻓﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎی ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ﺩﻧﻴﺎ, چﺎﺭﻩ ﺍی ﺟﺰ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻧﻴﺎی پﻴچﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﻧﻴﺴﺖ, ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ کﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺎی ﺟﻬﺎﻥ , ﺭﺗﺒﻪ پﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺸﺘﻤﻴﻦ کﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ آﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی کﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪی ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻪ , ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ , ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ گﻤﺮک, ﻫﻢ ﺍکﻨﻮﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻳی ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﺭی ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣی ﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺮکﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ , e-mail, EDI ﻓﺎکﺲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣی ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻬﺎی ﺑﺮﺍی ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻧی ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺿﺮﻭﺭی ﺍﺳﺖ کﻪ ﻳﺎﺩﺍﻭﺭی کﻨﻴﻢ کﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪ)ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻫﺎی ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ پﻴﺎﻡ , ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭکﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﺎی پﺎﻳگﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ , ﺑﺎﺭ کﺪﻫﺎ(, ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ)ﻣﺘﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋکﺴﻬﺎ( ﻭ ﺻﺪﺍ)پﺴﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﻨی ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ( ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ: 1 ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺷگﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻱﺧﻂ 2 ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ 3 ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻻ 4 ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ -5 ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ آﻦ
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ Business to Business B 2 B Business to consumer B 2 C Consumer to consumer C 2 C
ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻒ-گﺴﺘﺮﺵ پﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺏ-ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺝ-ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ
ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﺮ ﺑﻨگﺎﻫﻬﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ n ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﺮ ﺑﻨگﺎﻫﻬﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ چﺎﺭچﻮﺏ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺅ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ . n ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ، ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪ ﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ) ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ) آﻨﻜﺘﺎﺩ (.
ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﺮ ) 2002( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 0002 ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ، چﻴﻦ ، ﺩﺍﻧﻤﺎﺭﻙ ، ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ، آﻠﻤﺎﻥ ، ژﺎپﻦ ، ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ ، ﺳﻨگﺎپﻮﺭ ، ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻭآﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ آﺰﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ گﺮﻓﺖ. -A ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ -B ﻫﺮچﻪ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ B 2 B ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ. -C ﻫﺮچﻪ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ B 2 C ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. -D ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. -E ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭگﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ، ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. - F ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭگﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻲ ، ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ، ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨگﻲ ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ) ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ (
ﺩﺭ چﺎﺭ چﻮﺏ ﺭﻭﺵ پﻮﺭﺗﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. . A ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ) ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ، ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ( . B ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻦ. . C ﺣﺬﻑ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ گﺮﻱ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗژﻴﻚ.
n ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ » ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ «، » ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ « ﻭ » ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ « ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ، ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ، ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﻧﻮ آﻮﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﻧگﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻭﻧﺪﺍﻥ ، ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ، ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻭپﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ.
ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺆﻠﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ. . A . B . C . D . E . F . G . H . I . J ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ. ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ. ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ. ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ. ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ. ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ. ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ. ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﻭﺳﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ. ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻳﻜپﺎﺭچﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ. ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ.
ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ، ﻧگﻬﺪﺍﺭی ﻭ ﺭﺟﻮﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ کﺎﻻ ﻭ پﻮﻝ آﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻭﺍژﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻭﺍژﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺮﺍی آﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ
ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ آﺰﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی : -1 ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎی ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ -2 آﺸﻨﺎﻳی ﻭ ﺧﺮﺳﻨﺪی ﻣﺸﺘﺮی ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ -3 ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎی ﻣﺸﺘﺮی ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎی ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ آﺸﻨﺎﻳی ﻭ ﺧﺮﺳﻨﺪی ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎی ﻣﺸﺘﺮی
ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ B 2 B ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣیﺰﺍﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳی ) ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻫﻮﺍپﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﺎﺯی 11 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻴﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳی 01 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺫﻏﺎﻝ ﺳﻨگ 2 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ 5 ﺗﺎ 51 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺍی 11ﺗﺎ 02 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی 92 ﺗﺎ 93 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳی 3 ﺗﺎ 5 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ چﻮﺏ 51 ﺗﺎ 52 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ 51 ﺗﺎ 52 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ 5 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳی 21 ﺗﺎ 91 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺯی )ﻓﻮﻻﺩ( 22 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ گﺎﺯ 01 ﺗﺎ 51 5 ﺗﺎ 51 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ کﺎﻏﺬ 01 ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ 11
ﺑﻄﻮﺭ کﻠی ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ گﺮﺩﺩ : 1 ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧی ﻭ ﻣکﺎﻧی 2 ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑی ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ 3 ﺻﺮﻑ ﺟﻮﻳی ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣکﺎﻥ ) ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺎﺯی( 4 پﺎﻳﻴﻦ آﻤﺪﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﺳﻨﺘی 5 ﺟﻬﺎﻧی ﺑﻮﺩﻥ -6 ﻣﺸﺘﺮی گﺮﺍﻳی
ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )1( ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ? ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎی کﺎﺭﺍﻳی ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ،ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ،ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫی کﺎﺭی،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﻳﺪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی ﺭﻭﺕ،ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺠﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ،ﻣﺸﺎﺭکﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎی ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪی ﺷﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ/ ﻧﻮﻉ کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ/ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ آﻤﺎﺩگی پﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟژﻴکی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩی ،ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋی ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩگﺮگﻮﻧی ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠکﺮﺩ ﺟﻬﺶ
ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ
ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ü ü ü ﻣﺮﺩﻡ : ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ،ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ، ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﺎ، کﺎﺭکﻨﺎﻥ ، ﻓﻦ آﻮﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭکﺖ کﻨﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی ﻋﻤﻮﻣی: ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧی، ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ : ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ گﺴﺘﺮﺩگی ﻭﺏ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﺘی ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮی ﺟﺬﺏ گﺮﺩﺩ. ﺷﺮکﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی : ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳک ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ چﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺧﺪﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘی : ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻬﺎ، ﻟﺠﺴﺘﻴک ، ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎی ، IT ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ
ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎﻧکﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ پﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳک ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 08 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻓﻦ آﻮﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳﺎﻧی ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﺎ کﻤک ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧکﺪﺍﺭی ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺳﻨﺘی ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷکﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎی پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻧک ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎی پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﻧک ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭ
ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍی ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ü ü ü ﻣﺮﺩﻡ : ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ،ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ، ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻫﺎ، کﺎﺭکﻨﺎﻥ ، ﻓﻦ آﻮﺭی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭکﺖ کﻨﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎی ﻋﻤﻮﻣی: ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧی، ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ : ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ گﺴﺘﺮﺩگی ﻭﺏ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﺘی ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮی ﺟﺬﺏ گﺮﺩﺩ. ﺷﺮکﺎی ﺗﺠﺎﺭی : ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻳک ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ چﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺷﺮکﺖ ﺑﺮﺍی گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺧﺪﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘی : ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻬﺎ، ﻟﺠﺴﺘﻴک ، ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎی ، IT ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ
ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ n ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪگﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ پﻴچﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ چﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ » آﺜﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ « ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ » آﺜﺎﺭ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻧﻲ « ﻳﺎﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ گﺮﺩﺩ. n ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺍگﺮ ﺑﻨگﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ، ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺠﻠﻲ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ، ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ، ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ آﻨﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮآﻮﺭﻱ ﻫﺎ ) ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ( ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺗﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ، ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻱ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﻣﺪﻝ پﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩی ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ Marketing Online e. Merchandizing Create/Execute Campaigns Create Segmentation Strategies Create Promotions/ Offers Execute targeted e-mail/direct mail campaigns e-Interface Sales Online/ Quoting Manual Marketing i. Store Enterprise Data Catalogs Display personalized Content, Offers and Product Recommendations i. Store Customer Adds to Shared Shopping Cart (B 2 B, B 2 C) (Catalogs) Create Rules/Web Merchandizing Strategies Inventory Configurations Pricing Contracts Customers (TCA) Customer Intelligence Marketing Online BI Tools Personalization Analyze Customer Analyze Data Browsing Behavior (Data Mining) (Clickstream Analysis) Order Mgmt i. Support/ Knowledge Mgmt Provide Post-Sales Support/ Process Returns (Self-Service) Create Order i. Payment Authorize/ Process Payment
1 ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ 2 ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ : ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﺗﺸﻮیﻖ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ گﻔﺘگﻮ ﺑیﻦ ﺯﻧﺠیﺮﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﺗژی ﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ 3 ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ) ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺘﺪ ﻣﺎﻟی ( : کﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓی کﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎی ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭیﺎﺑی ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧیکی ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊ آﻮﺭی ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎیی ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺸﻤﻨﺪ یﻬﺎی کﺴﺐ ﻭ کﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ 4 ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ : کﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮیﻖ ﻋیﺐ یﺎﺑی ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ، ﺑﻬیﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯی ﺯﻧﺠیﺮﻩ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮی ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
Technology Directions Backbone b/w Transoceanic b/w Access b/w Typical Today 155 Mb/s 45 Mb/s 56 kb/s Coming 2. 5 Gb/s -> Tb/s 80+ Gb/s Mb/s ->100 Mb/s Wireless b/w Enterprise DB Supercomputer 14 kb/s 10 TB GOPS 2 Mb/s->100 Mb/s 100 Tb -> PB 12 TOPS ->POPS Display . 5 Mpel, . 5 sq ft 9 Mpel, 60 sq ft (M=106, G=109, T=1012, P=1015)
ﻗﺎﻟﺐ کﻠی ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک E-Interfaces Customer Behavior Online Catalogs Order Management Quotation Book Order Marketing Online i. Store Feed Back Support Catalogs Inventory Configurations Customer info i. Support i. Payment Shipment Insurance i. Fulfillment Basic plan of e-commerce model E - Banking
Online Pricing Configure order Phone Web E-mail Order Check Customer History Generate Final Invoice Check Customer Ability Generate Final Contract Customer Validate Receive Contract Quoting Order Seller Inspecting Book Order Customer Inspecting Opening Letter Of Credit Feed Back Plan shipment i Payment Technical Support
CRM Customer Contacting Board Web / Tele
ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺭﺯﺵ پﻮﻟﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲگﻴﺮﺩ، ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 4002 ﺑﻪ 7 ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ.
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ü ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ü پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ü چﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ü ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻫﻜﺎﺭﻱ
ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ آﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﺰﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﺮ، ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ 05% ﻭ 03% ﺣﺠﻢ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﻭﻟﻲ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ آﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ گﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍگﺮ ﺗﺄﺨﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ گﻴﺮﺩ، ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 02% ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ آﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 007 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ، 4 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ آﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ 11 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳگﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ، آﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 058 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ، 21 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ آﻤﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ: American Master Card ، Discovery ، Express ﻭ . Visa ﻃﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ.
ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ 0591، ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ پﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ آﻤﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ پﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮ گﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ پﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ آﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ گﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 6891 ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﺜﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ.
ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ 6/58 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ، ﻋﺮﺽ آﻦ 45 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ آﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 67 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻳﻚ پﻮﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ پﻮﺷﺶ ﻃﻼ ﻳﺎ آﻠﻴﺎژ پﺎﻻﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺮﻩ، ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ. پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻦآﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ پﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ، ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻦ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ. ﺍﻳﻦ پﻮﻝ ﻫﻨگﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎ پﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮگﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺝﻛﺮﺩﻥ چﻨﺪﺑﺎﺭﻩ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭگﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ پﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧگﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻧﻘﺪﻳﻨگﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ.
پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻦآﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳگﺰﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ پﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻜﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ، ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺒﻠﻐﻲ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻦ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ. ﺍﻳﻦ پﻮﻝ ﻫﻨگﺎﻡ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ. پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎ پﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮگﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺝﻛﺮﺩﻥ چﻨﺪﺑﺎﺭﻩ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻨﺪگﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭگﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ پﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧگﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻧﻘﺪﻳﻨگﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪﺍ ﺯ: ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ، ﺧﺮﺝﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ آﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ پﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ.
پﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﻳژگﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ پﻮﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺩپﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛپﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﺩﺷﺪﻥ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ: 1ـ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺏ، ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺶ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ. 2ـ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ، ﻣﻮﺩﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻴﺶ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ. 3ـ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ آﻦ ﺍﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ: 2ـ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ 3ـ پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ 1ـ پﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ پﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ Online ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ آﻤﺪ. ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ Online ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ آﺨﺮ، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ پﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﺮآﻴﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ Online ﺑﺮﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻳگﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ آﻴﻨﺪﻩ پﺮﻭژﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ 9ـ5 ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ، ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ )ﻧﻘﻄﻪچﻴﻨﻬﺎ(، ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭآﻴﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ، ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻣپﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
1ـ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. )ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ( 2ـ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭ چﻚﻫﺎ، ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ پﻮﻝ، ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻗﻠﻤﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻲگﺮﺩﺩ. 3ـ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ پﻮﺭﺗﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻲ، ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺧﺮﺩﻩﻓﺮﻭﺷﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤچﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻮچﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ آﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ گﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ. ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ، ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ Online ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ آﻮﺭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ. EBPP ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏ، پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ آﻦ ﻭ پﺴﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲآﻮﺭﺩ. EBPP ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ گﻮﻧﺎگﻮﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﺩﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ آﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻓﺮﺳﺘﺪ، ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﻡ، ﺷﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎﻱ گﻮﻧﺎگﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ.
ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ کﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ گﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺗﺤﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ EDI FACT ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣی ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻬﺎی ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻴکی ﺑﺎﻧکﺪﺍﺭی ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴک ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ EFT ﺭﺍ آﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻟی ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻫﻬﺎی ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺳکﻨﺮﻫﺎی ﻟﻴﺰﺭی ، ﺑﺎﺭکﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ، ﺩﺳﺘگﺎﻫﻬﺎ ی ، ATM کﺎﺭﺕ ﻫﺎی پﻼﺳﺘﻴکی ، ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴکی ) (EFTPOS ﻭ کﻨﺘﺮﻝ کﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﺭ کﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍی ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺎﺑﺮﺍﺗی ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ پﺎﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗکﻨﻮﻟﻮژی ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﺒکﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ، SWIFT CHIPS ﻭ. . . ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.
ﻣﻠی ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺒکﻪ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﻳﺴک ﻫﺎﻳی کﻪ ﻫﺮﻳک ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟی ﺑﺎ آﻦ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ : 1 ﻫﺮﻳک ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟی ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳک ﻣﺮکﺰ ﺷﺒکﻪ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣی ﺩﻫﺪ. 2 ﺭﻳﺴک ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴک : ﺷﺒکﻪ پﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﻣﻠی ﺑﺎ ﺭﻳﺴک ﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔی ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣی ﺑﺎﺷﺪ کﻪ ﻣی ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ کﻞ ﺷﺒکﻪ پﺨﺶ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻌی کﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ : ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗکﻨﻴکی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ
ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺷﺮکﺘﻬﺎ 1 ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎی ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ کﻪ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ آﻦ پﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. 2 ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ آﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﻳک ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺨﺼی کﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑی ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻳژﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ.
n Information technology and internet are rapidly changing the way we work communicate and view the world in small perspective. Moreover information and documentation are elements in the control of international cross-border trade. n In today’s interconnected electronic environment these controls will increasingly include customs 2 customs information exchange prior to the arrival of the goods in order to provide the necessary level of security, as well acceptable release times.
Information Security Governance Framework n Initially, there was an emphasis on ISO/IEC 17799 – as a framework on Information Security Management – but this approach is simply a set of guidelines on ‘minimum requirements’ and is not process driven. n ISACA/ITGI work on COBIT – Control Objectives on IT & Related Technologies and Governance fills this gap – because it measures the effectiveness of IT processes. n Therefore, for complete IS Governance, organisations need to adopt both ISO/IEC 17799 & COBIT.
Start’ - 15 Processes of IT master plan 1. Define Strategic IT plan 2. Determine IT Direction 3. Manage the IT investment 4. Assess Risks 5. Manage Projects 6. Identify Solutions 7. Acquire/Maintain Application s/w 8. Install and Accredit Systems 9. Manage Changes 10. Define Service Levels 11. Ensure Continuous Service 12. Ensure System Security 13. Manage Problems/Incidents 14. Manage Data 15. Monitor the Processes
The e-commerce environment of the Internet Commerce Business Risks Technology Risks
SWOT Analysis for E-Commerce Strengths v v v Lower cost distribution channel Global channels easily established Direct communication with customers Personalized marketing Improved customer service levels Cross promotional opportunities Weaknesses Opportunities Large Literate percent of population is computer Standard Internet Protocol and Web Technology Easy, cheap access to the Internet High disposable income Low information cost Entrepreneurship New customers Reduced Agency Costs Ease of Expansion Implementation may be time – consuming and costly Lack of e- commerce vision & leadership Current Lack of technology standards and compatibility Employee resistance Inability to meet customer expectations for quick response Integration of back office functions Limited bandwidth Maintenance of Site Threats Internet may have security problems With no geographical boundaries brand name becomes the differentiating factor Privacy Issues Possible governmental regulations and taxation The evolving e- commerce technology Network capacity Consumer Distrust Staff Turnover
Information Governance Lifecycle alu Alignment ENVIRONMENT w. Ethics & Culture w. Laws & Regulations w. Mission & Vision w. Role Models w. Industry Practices w…. . . Improve Service Delivery Increased Revenues & Reduced Costs M Mo nit Re or po ing rti & ng an a of ge R m is en k t Ev Competitive Advantage Reputation For Trust & Reliability lue y Va iver l De atio n Increased Market Share Legal & Regulatory Compliance
Transport Layer Security n Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet. When a server and client communicate, TLS ensures that no third party may eavesdrop or tamper with any message. TLS is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Applications n SSL runs on layers beneath application protocols such as HTTP, SMTP and NNTP and above the TCP transport protocol, which forms part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. While it can add security to any protocol that uses TCP, it is most commonly used with HTTP to form HTTPS is used to secure World Wide Web pages for applications such as Electronic commerce. It uses public key certificates to verify the identity of endpoints. n While an increasing number of client and server products can support SSL natively, many still do not. In these cases, a user may wish to use standalone SSL products like Stunnel to provide encryption. n SSL can also be used to tunnel an entire network stack to create a VPN, as is the case with Open. VPN.
A framework for assisting with change towards e-commerce Police Banking Import /export Producer Static other Customs & WCO 2. Customs IT ECommerce Security Environmental Immigration Delivery Organization e. g , GOVT. Org
Search Engine: Alta Vista www. altavista. com AOL www. aol. com ASKJEEVES www. askjeeves. com Directhit www. directhit. com Dogpile www. dogpile. com
Excite www. excite. com Fastsearch www. alltheweb. com Google www. Google. com Go. To www. goto. com Hot. Bot www. hotbot. com Infoseek www. infoseek. com Iwon www. iwon. com Look. Smart www. looksmart. com
Lycos www. lycos. com Msn www. msn. com Mamma WWW. Mamma/com NBCi www. nbci. com Netscape www. netscape. com Northern Light www. northernligth. com Proquest www. proquest. Com UMI www. umi. com
Webcrawler www. webcrawler. com Yahoo www. yahoo. Com
ﺏ( ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤی ﺩﺍﺧﻠی ﻣﺮکﺰ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭک ﻋﻠﻤی ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ www. irandoc. ac. ir Iran Export www. iranexport. com ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻨی ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ www. mftsite. com ﻣﺮکﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ www. iranexport. com ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪیﺮیﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭیﺰی کﺸﻮﺭ www. pbo. or. ir ﺳﺎیﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭی ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ www. Gov. ir
Net Iran www. netiran. com ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺭگﺎﻧی www. irancommerce. com Neda net www. Nedanet. com ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ آﻤﺎﺭ ﺍیﺮﺍﻥ www. sci. org. ir ﺑﻮﺭﺱ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺑﻬﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ www. tse. ir ﺷﻬﺮک ﻋﻠﻤی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗی ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ www. istt. org
ﺩ- ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺑیﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠی World Trade Organization www. wto. org World Blank www. Worldbank. org International Monetary Fund www. imf. org Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation www. apec. org NAFTA www. nafta. Net
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development www. Oecd. org European Union www. europa. eu. int United Nations www. un. org United Nations Conference on Trade and Development www. unctad. org World Chamber of commerce www. Worldchambers. com Word Customs Organization www. wcooem. org
ﻩ( ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻟکﺘﺮﻭﻧیکی Business 2 business www. business 2. com E-commerce today www. ectoday. com EBay www. ebay. com Info. World www. infoworld. com
Internet Week www. Internetweek. com Electronic Commerce News www. etrade. com Electronic Commerce Office www. ecommerce. gov ICCIRAN www. Icciran. com IRANWORLD www. iranworld. com
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