ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮآﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ

ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮآﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﻴﻦ : ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛ ﻧﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤ. ﻓﺎﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﺃﻤﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺣﻜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ. ﻭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮآﻦ ﻣﺴﺖ ﺷﺘﻰ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺃﻐﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮآﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺃﻦ ﺃﻬ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺇ ﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﻮﺭ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ- ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻇﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﻬآﻴﺔ : ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺓ -ﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺴﻲ. ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﺭﺕ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ. ﻓﻤﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻬﺎﻭﺕ ﺣﺠﺞ ﺳﻨﺒﻧﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ. ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ

The Future of Solar System and Earth from Religious Point of View Presented by: Kamel BEN SALEM

Summary I. Quran & Astronomy II. Some Historical Facts on Islam & Quran III. General facts on Universe according to Quran IV. The solar system in the Quranic text i. iii. General Statements Future of the solar system & Impacts The aftermath of the solar system collapse V. Conclusion

I. Quran & Astronomy “The creation of the heavens and of the Earth is verily more grandiose than the creation of Man” (40: 57) ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ (57 : ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﺎﻓﺮ آﻴﺔ

II. Some Historical Facts on Islam & Quran ü Birth of Islam: 610 CE ü Humble and primitive life of pagan Arabs in the peninsula ü Outstanding mastering of their language ü Quran revealed (during 22 years) “in a clear arabic language” ü Arab pagans challenged to produce similar eloquent discourse ü Dramatic metamorphosis of the Arab people

II. Some Historical Facts on Islam & Quran ü Addresses invitations to : ü Reading/Science : Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). . . (96 : 1). ﺍﻱ ﺍ ﺍ ü (1 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻖ آﻴﺔ

ü Focusing on what exists in the heavens and on Earth "Say : “Behold all that is in the heavens and the earth. . . ”. (10: 101). ﻱ ﺍ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻷ ﻥ ﺍﻟ : ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻵﺍ (101 ﻱ ﻻ

ü Exploring earth and space : "O assembly of Jinns and Humans, if you can pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, then pass beyond (them)! Not without a power shall ye be able to pass!" (55 : 33). ﺍﻧ ﺍ ﺍ ü ﻧﻭﺍ ﻥ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻧﻭﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍ ﻧﻭ (33 : ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻥ آﻴﺔ

III. General facts on Universe according to Quran ü Birth : First soldered then divided gazeous mass of fine particles Existence of several planets like the Earth "God is the One Who created seven heavens and of the earth a similar "Moreover He turned to heaven when it was smoke…" (41: 11) number. The command descends among them so that you know that God ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ ﻯ ﺍﻯ has power over all things and comprehends all things in His knowledge. " ﺍ ﺍ (65: 12) ﺍﻳ ﺍ ﺍﺍ (12 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﺼﻠﺖ آﻴﺔ : 11( ﺍﻟ ﻯ ﻳ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﻭﺍ "Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, then We clove them asunder and We got every living thing out of the water. Will they not then believe? " (21: 30) ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻳ ﺍ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﺍﺍﺀ ﺍ (30 : ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ آﻴﺔ ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ

III. General facts on Universe according to Quran ü Galactic matter ü Creation process repetition "It is God Who begins (the process of) creation; Then "We created the heavens, the earth and what is between them in six periods, repeats it. " (30: 11) and no weariness touched Us. " (50: 38) ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﻱ ﺍ (11 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ آﻴﺔ (38 : ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻕ آﻴﺔ ü Starting/continuity/expansion "The heaven, We have built it with power, verily We are expanding it " (51: 47) ﺍ ﺍﺍ ( 47 : ﻭﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺭﻳﺎﺕ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text i. General Statements § Cited planets : earth, sun, moon § ET origin of Iron "…And We sent down iron, a source for great evil, as well as many benefits for mankind. . . " (57 : 25) ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻳﺍ ﺍﺍ ﻧﺍ ﺍﻳ ﻧﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﻭ ﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﻳ ﻳ ﻧ ﻥ ﺍﻟ (25 : ﻳ )ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍ § Distinction between Sun (heat-light source) and moon/other planets (light reflectors) "God is the One Who made the sun a shine and the moon a light…" (10: 5) ﻭﺍ ﺍ ﺍﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻟ ﻳ ﻭ ﺍ ﺍ ﻻ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﺍ (5 : ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺍ "God is the light of the heavens and the earth. The similitude of His light is as if there were a niche and within it a luminary. The luminary is in a glass. The glass is as if it were a planet glittering like a pearl. " (24: 35) ﻭ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text § Sun evolution to a steady state "The Sun runs its course towards a proper state (or site) of stability. This is the decree of the Almighty, the Full of Knowledge. " (26: 38) ﺍ ﻱ ﺍﻟ (38 : ﺍﻳ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻳ ﻳ § (Sun/moon) moving submitted to computing ". . . The sun must not catch up the moon. . . Each one is traveling in an orbit with its own motion. " (36: 39 -40) ﻥ ﺍ ﻧﻱ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ (40 : ﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺲ آﻴﺔ ﻱ "The sun and moon (are subjected) to calculations. " (55: 5) (5 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻥ آﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺍﻟ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text ii. Future of the solar system Sun becoming like a swelling ball " When the sun becomes like a swelling ball (kuwwirat). " (81: 1) (1 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍ Ø General impacts on the Sky • Sky looking like a scarlet-rosy "Then, when the heaven is rent asunder, becoming scarlet-rosy like red hide. " (55: 37) ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ ﺍﻧ ﺍ (37 : ﺍﻟ ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎﻥ آﻴﺔ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text • Sky shining like a molten metal "The Day that The sky will be like Molten metal" (70: 8) ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ ﻭ (8 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺭﺝ آﻴﺔ • Light intensity Increase "So, when the sight is dazzled. " (75: 7)

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text • Stars no longer be visible "Then when the stars become dim. " (77: 8) ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻼﺕ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﺍ (8 : آﻴﺔ "And when the stars, lose their lustre. " (81: 2) : ﺍﻧ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻭ ﺍ (2 • Modification of the solar system planets orbits ". . . And when the planets will disperse (intatharat). " (82: 2) ﺍﻹﻧﻔﻄﺎﺭ آﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻧ ﺍﺍ ﺍ (2 :

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text Ø Impacts on the moon • Moon no longer visible “And the moon will be eclipsed. " (75: 8) (8 : ﺍ )ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ آﻴﺔ • Sun and Moon joined ". . . And the sun and moon are joined together. " (75: 9) ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ (9 : ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ آﻴﺔ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text • Moon fragmented "The Hour has drawn near and the moon has been cleft asunder. " (54: 1) ﺍﻧ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍ (1 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ آﻴﺔ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text Ø Impacts on Earth § Exodus movement and gathering of wild beasts § Boiling and bursting forth of the seas and oceans § Expansion of the Earth’s crust ". . . And when the wild beasts are herded together. " (81: 5) (5 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍ "And when the seas become as blazing fire. " (81: 6) (6 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﺮ آﻴﺔ ﺍﺍ ﺍ "(I Swear)… By the Canopy Raised High, And by the boiling sea. " (52: 5 -6) (6 -5 : ﺍﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ آﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟ ". . . And when the seas are burst forth. " (82: 3) (3 : ﺍﻹﻧﻔﻄﺎﺭ آﻴﺔ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﺍ ﺍ ". . . And when the Earth expands. And has cast forth what is within it. " (84: 3 -4) )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺍ ﺍ ﺍ (4 -3 : ﺍﻹﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ آﻴﺔ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text § Pulverization of mountains ". . . And the mountains will be carded wool. " (101: 5) (5 : ﺍﻧﻭ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻋﺔ آﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺍﺍ ﻭ "…And the mountains will be like crumbling sand dunes. " (73: 14) ﺍﺍ ﺍ (14 : ﻳﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻞ آﻴﺔ ﻳﺍ "They ask thee concerning The Mountains say : “My Lord Will demolish them and He will leave them as plains Smooth and level”. " (20: 105: 6) ﻱ ﻧﺍ ﺍﺍ ﻭ (105 - 106 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ آﻴﺔ ﺍﺍ ﺍ - ﺍ "And the mountains turning into crumbles to end up as sparse particles. " (56: 6) ﻧ ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﺀ ﺍ - ﺍ ﺍﺍ (6 -5 : آﻴﺔ "And the mountains shall vanish, as if they were a mirage. " (78: 20) (20 : ﺍﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺄ آﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺍﺍ

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text § Fall of lunar fragments on the Earth I. Changing of Earth’s rotation direction : "And the soil and the mountains are lifted, then violently hammered at one stroke. On that day, shall the (great) Event come to pass. " (69: 13 -14) ﺍ ﺍ ﺍﺍ - ﺍ (15 -14 : )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻗﺔ آﻴﺔ "The day when the earth (the soil) and the mountains are shaken up, once the mountains have become like crumbling sand dunes. " (73: 14) ﺍ ﺍ (14 : ﻳﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻞ آﻴﺔ ﻳﺍ ﺍﺍ "Nay ! when the earth (the soil) undergoes hammering after hammering. " (89: 21) (21 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ آﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺍ § Earth covered by very dense smoke "The day when the sky is agitated by a swirling cloud. " (52: 9) (9 : ﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ آﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ ﻭ "And the day when the sky shall be rent asunder with clouds… " (25: 25) ﺍﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ (25 : ﻧﻳﺍ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ آﻴﺔ ﺍﺍ "Then wait you for the Day when the sky will bring forth a visible smoke. " (44: 10) ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺀ ﻱ ﺍ (10 : ﻳ )ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ آﻴﺔ I. Slowdown of Earth’s rotation speed "A day will become like a year, then like a month, then like a week, … and finally like a present day. " [Hadith].

IV. The solar system in the Quranic text iii. The aftermath of the solar system collapse üOnly the solar system planets will be affected by the swelling sun ü No mention of other impacts on stars, except the fact that they lose their luster (no more visible) ü Earth transformed into another earth "The Day when the Earth turns out into another Earth and so will be the heavens. " (14: 48) ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ (48 : ﺍ ﺍﺭ)ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ آﻴﺔ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻷ ﻟ

V. CONCLUSION * Other points on Astronomy Ø Ø Universe age (13, 8 billion years) 13, 697 billion years Existence of extra-terrestrial life, etc. . * This paper does not aim to find a "concordance" between the Quran and science. * How can our present knowledge help us to understand the ancient texts ? * How can a prophetic message, dating back very far in the past, agree or not with our present knowledge? «Verily! In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding. Those who remember (celebrate) The praises of God standing, sitting, and lying down on their sides, and think deeply about the creation of the heavens and the earth, (saying): Our Lord! You have not created (all) this without purpose, glory to You! » (3 : 190 -191) ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟ ﺍ ﺍﻷ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ . ﺍﻷﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺍﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻱ ﺍﻻ ﻱ ﻵﺍ ﻱ

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