ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻋﻴﺔ NORM Training and Awareness
What is it? § NORM is naturally occurring radioactive material which is deposited in Gas and Oil production systems. § It can be in the form of scales, silts/sludges or very thin deposits on surfaces. § It is impossible to predict where it is going to occur. ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ §؟ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺳﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ . ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ § ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺸﻮﺭ ﺃﻮ ﻃﻴﻦ ﺃﻮ ﺣﻤﺄﺔ )ﺃﻮﺳﺎﺥ ﻣﺘﺮﺳﺒﺔ( ﺃﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﻃﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻮ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﺪ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻄﺢ § ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ . ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 2
Why is it a hazard. § The naturally radioactive material is concentrated into these deposits. § They become sufficiently active to require precautions to be taken when working with them. They emit alpha, beta and gamma radiation. § They also require to be disposed of in a controlled manner under Omani and International regulations. ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﻄﺮﺓ ؟ § ﺗﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ . ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﺐ § ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ . ﻭﺗﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺃﻠﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ § ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ . ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 3
Uranium -238 and Thorium 232 Decay Series 238 - ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ 232 - ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺘﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ § Two decay series found in NORM deposits – from U ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ـ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ 238 and Th-232. . 232 - 832 ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ § Uranium-238 emits alphas, betas and gammas ﺗﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ-832 ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﺎ decaying through ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﺗﻮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ protoactinium, thorium, ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻣﻮﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ radium, radon, polonium 206 - ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ and bismuth to stable lead 206. ﺗﻨﺒﻌﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ-232 ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﺎ § Thorium-232 emits alphas, ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺘﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ betas and gammas ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺰﻣﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ decaying through radium, 208 - ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ actinium, radon, bismuth, polonium and thallium to stable lead-208. Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only § § § 4
Hazards of Each Type of Radiation ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻨﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎﺕ § Alphas – large (in nuclear ( § ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺃﻠﻔﺎ ـ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ )ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ terms) and highly charged. ﻭﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ. ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ Easily stopped and absorbed. ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻞ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺃﻮ Sheet of tissue, outer skin or. ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺳﻨﺘﻤﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺀ centimetres of air will stop them. § ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ـ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﻘﻞ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ، ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ § Betas - smaller and less ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺮﺍ. ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ 1 ﺳﻨﺘﻤﻴﺘﺮ charged, so more penetrating. . ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﺃﻮ ﺃﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺀ Can be stopped by 1 cm of § ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ ـ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ sand or a few metres of air. ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ. ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ § Gammas - pure electromagnetic energy. Very ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻮ ﺃﻤﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ penetrating. Require lead. ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺍﺀ sheet, steel plate or many metres of air to stop them. Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 5
External and Internal Hazard § These properties determine effect on health. § Gammas can penetrate body from outside and damage deep internal cells. This penetration makes them an External Hazard. § Alphas/betas cannot penetrate far into body from outside. However if alpha/beta emitting materials enter the body, particularly the lungs, the size and charge of the alpha and beta particles makes them very damaging to the cells they hit. This makes alpha and beta particles an Internal Hazard. Radium is selectively absorbed by bones ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ § ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ . ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟـ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ ﺇﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻭﺇﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪﺓ. ﻭﻫﺬﺍ . ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺸ ﻝ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﻋﻤﻴﻘ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺒﻌﺎﺙ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺃﻠﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﺘﻴﻦ ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﺤﻖ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﺗﺸ ﻝ ﺧﻄﺮ . ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴ. ﻭﺗﻤﺘﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only § § 6
Radionuclides Found ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ )ﻧﻮﻳﺪﺍﺕ( ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ § In dry gas systems restricted to lead-210 and polonium-210 from the Uranium-238 decay series. § In systems where produced water is present the radionuclides beyond radium in both Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 decay series can be found. - § ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ 012 ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ-012 ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ . 238 - ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ § ﺍﻷﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻧﻮﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﺒﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ 238 - ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﺤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ 232 - ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 7
Why NORM Occurs § Reservoir rock contains small amounts of natural uranium and thorium and their radioactive daughters. One daughter, radium, is water soluble - dissolves in the reservoir water. § Radium can precipitate with the barium and calcium ions to make any scales slightly radioactive. (NORM) § Clay and fine particles can absorb the radium from the formation water. ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ؟ § ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﺭﺍﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺗﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺬﻭﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ . ﻟﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻤﻦ § ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﻳﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻴﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﺠﻌﻞ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻗﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ )ﺃﻲ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺸﻌﺔ . ( ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § ﻳﻤﺘﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ . ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻤﻦ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 8
Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 9
ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § § ﻷﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩ. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ. ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺃﻠﻔﺎ. ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻮﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ. ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺃﻠﻔﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ. 01 Hazards of NORM Scale § Because NORM scale generally contains so little activity, the external radiation field is generally low. However some old tubulars, separators or pumps may give . measurable radiation fields § Because of the high alpha content, NORM scale is a . significant internal hazard § Therefore priority is to stop NORM scale particles being . inhaled or ingested § This alpha toxicity also makes . safe disposal important Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only
Hazards of NORM in Gas System Deposits ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ § The doserates around items with these deposits are very low even when much activity is present. No external hazard generally exists. § The activity can be very high and an internal hazard is potentially present should any of the material be ingested. § ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻋﺎ. ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ . ﺧﻄﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ § ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺟﺪ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺃﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ . ﺍﻟﻬﻀﻤﻲ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 11
How it Gets There § Incompatible waters mix as they pass through perforations - this starts scale depositing in the tailpipe and tubing, then throughout the plant. § Deposition is heaviest in areas of turbulence – beyond bends, valves, restrictions. § Also where temperature or pressure changes occur – tubulars, chokes, separators, coolers. § Separator deposits - clays may absorb radionuclides directly from water. ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻮﺏ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺪﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺒﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺨﺮﻯ . ﻭﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﻳﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺳﺐ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ . ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻮﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻣﺜﻞ . ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻨﻖ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺗﺮﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ- ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﻳﻤﺘﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﺕ . ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 13 § §
What Scales Look Like § Pure barium sulphate is hard dense white solid. Pure NORM scale can be like that (especially in tubulars). § More usually thin, eggshell-like, light or dark brown. § Can be stratified, like rings in a tree trunk. § Sometimes deep in the surface matrix, so not visible. § Separator sludges are granular suspensions. § Pig waxes are black tarry materials, often with chunks of rust and scale mixed in. ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺷﻜــﻞ ﺍﻟﺷــﻮﺭ . ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ . ( ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ )ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﺃﻮ . ﻏﺎﻣﻖ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ . ﺟﺬﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﺓ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ . ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﻕ . ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ . ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 14 § § §
Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 15
NORM in Gas Wells § § ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ آﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐـﺎﺯ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ آﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺃﻴﻀ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ . ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺋﻞ NORM can also be found in Gas Wells where no fluids are present. - ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻃﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ Here it is due to radioactive lead. 012 ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺳﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ 210 plating out on surfaces from ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺒﻌ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻊ the gas. . ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﻮﻗﻪ The gas is radioactive because of the radioactive radon gas in the. 210 - ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻻ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ formation accumulating in it. . ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻤ This radon then decays to the lead-210 § This layer is thin and cannot always be seen Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 16 § § §
ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺆﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ Philosophy of NORM Management ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § Stop inhalation or ingestion of scale particles. Stop dust being created Stop dust becoming airborne Stop dust from entering the body Contain scale in one area and minimise contact § To achieve this we Adhere to Local Rules Keep scale wet to stop dust rising Wear personal protective equipment Set up NORM Supervised Area and restrict contact § ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎﻕ ﺃﻮ ﺑﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺸﻮﺭ ـ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﺤﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ . ﺃﺪﻧﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﻤﻜﻨﺔ § ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ـ ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﻃﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﻣﻨﻊ . ﻟﻤﺴﻬﺎ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 17
NORM Workflow § General workflow is as follows Identification of work with NORM potential Preparation for work with NORM potential Detection and identification of NORM contamination Working on NORM contaminated equipment moved to Zauliyah آﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ـ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ . ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻸﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ . ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ . ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻭﻟﻴﺔ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 18
Identification of Work with NORM Potential § Assume all water fluid bearing systems are NORM contaminated until proven clean. § Assume gas systems are NORM contaminated. § Use Local Maps to identify areas of known NORM contamination. § External monitoring may identify very active NORM but not reliable. § Test all systems at first breach, and regularly as new surfaces are encountered. § Record zero readings. ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺘﻰ . ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ . ﻳﺠﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻣﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ . ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﺑﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ . ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺃﻮﻝ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ، ﻭﺑﺈﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ . ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺃﺴﻄﺢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ . ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺻﻔﺮ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 19 § § §
Detection and Measurement of NORM Scale § Shell standard NORM meter for oil systems- Mini 900 with 44 B probe. Scintillation counter - detects high energy betas and gammas Readout in counts per second (cps) Fairly robust probe Not intrinsically safe ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﻞ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﻲ . 009 ﻣﻊ ﺱ 44ﺏ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻣﻴﺾ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺑﻴﺘﺎ ﻭﺟﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﻓﻲ . ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ . ﺍﻟ ﺟﻴﺪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺄﻤﻮﻥ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 20
Detection and Measurement of NORM in Gas Systems § Shell standard NORM meter for oil systems- Mini 900 with EP 15 probe. Geiger Counter-detects alpha and beta particles. Readout in counts per second (cps) Not very robust probe Not intrinsically safe ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ § ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﻞ 900 ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﻲ . ﻣﻊ ﺱ 51 ﺇﻱ ﭘـﻲ . ﺍ ﺟﺎﻳﺠﺮ ـ ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﺘﺎ . ﺗﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ . ﻻ ﻋﺘﺒﺮﺍﻟ ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﺄﻤﻮﻧ ﺃﻴﻀ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 21
Meter Reading to Declare NORM ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ § 5 ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﺃﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻘﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻋﺘﻤﺪ § 5 cps above background is the. ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ lowest statistically reliable reading with the meter § ﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ § We identify contamination, we do. ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﺐ not measure scale or deposits § ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ 5 ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ activity. ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ 009 ﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﺆﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ § Using the Mini 900 a reading of 5. ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ cps above background is NORM. § Note - it is not possible to convert § ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ : ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﻜﺮﻳﻞ/ ﺟﺮﺍﻡ from cps above background to Bq/g as the thickness of the scale ﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺸﻮﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺘﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ and thus the mass of scale that. ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺩ the counts come from is not known. Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 22
Work Precautions - Personal Protective Equipment § One piece slicker suit or Tyvek disposable suit. § Impermeable gloves. § Impermeable boots. § Facepiece respirator to EN 146 FFP 3 - 3 M 8835 or Moldex 3405. § Eye protection - safety goggles. § All PPE to be cleaned after job and monitored as free from contamination. Must be reused or returned as normal waste. § Contaminated PPE should not be put into drums. ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ـ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺳﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻮ ﻃﻘﻢ ﺗﺎﻳﻔﻚ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ . ﻟﻤﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ . ﻗﻔﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﺓ . ﺣﺬﺍﺀ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ 146 ﻛﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻱ ﺍﻥ 3405 ﺃﻒ ﺃﻒ ﭘـﻲ-3 ﺃﻢ 5388 ﺃﻮ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻳﻜﺲ ﻭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻮﻥ ـ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ . ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ، ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺃﻮ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ . ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺭﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺔ . ﻓﻲ ﺃﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 23 § § § §
Work Precautions Personal Hygiene § No eating, drinking, chewing gum, sweets, tobacco. § No application of barrier cream. § All cuts and abrasions effectively dressed. § Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking. ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ـ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ § ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﻜﻞ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﻮ ﻣﻀﻎ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﻮ ﺃﻜﻞ . ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦ . § ﻣﻨﻊ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﺯﻟﺔ § ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﺮﻭﺡ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻭﺵ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﺪ . ﺟﻴﺪ § ﻳﺠﺐ ﻏﺴﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻜﻞ ﺃﻮ . ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻴﻦ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 24
ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌــﻤﻞ On Completion of Work § Complete NORM form. § Send sample to laboratory for analysis. § Decontaminate every one who leaves site. § Take down barriers etc. § Check site for contamination ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ . ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ . ﻳﺠﺐ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻲ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﻐﺎﺩﺭ . ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ . ﻳﺠﺐ ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ. . . ﺍﻟﺦ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻜﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻭﻩ ﻣﻦ . ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ Translated Draft of Shell UK Exploration and Production presentation package {NORM Training and Awareness} for Approval and Information delivery and understanding only 25 § § §
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