ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻓﻲ

ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ Industry Oriented Laser Research at KFUPM ﺩ. ﺯﻳﻦ ﻳﻤﺎﻧﻲ، ﺩ. ﺃﺸﺮﻑ ﺟﻮﻧﺪﺍﻝ، ﺩ. ﻋﺰﺕ ﺣﺠﺎﺯﻱ، ﺩ. ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ Z. H. Yamani 1, M. A. Gondal 2, E. Hegazi 2 and H. M Masoudi 2, 3 ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 1 Department of Physics, 2 Laser Research Section, Center for Applied Physical Sciences, 3 Electrical Engineering Department 1

Presentation Plan ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ • What is LRS? • ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ • Industrial Research at LRS: • ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ : ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ – In progress – Pending • Complications and Challenges • Conclusions • ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ • ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ • ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ • ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ 2

ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ Center for Applied Physical Sciences (CAPS) 3

CAPS ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ Basic and Applied Research Section ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ Laser Research Section (LRS) ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻇﻔﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ Researchers and Support Staff ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻏﻮﻥ Full-time ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ Central Analytical Laboratory ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ Metrology and Standards Section ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺰﺓ Units and Equipment ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻏﻴﻦ Part-time 4

ﻣﻬﻤﺔ )ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ( ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ: ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺃﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺤﺜﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻟﻠﻮﻃﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻪ. : Mission Provide KFUPM and the Kingdom with high quality research, research services, and training in the field of lasers and their applications 5

ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ • ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ )ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ • ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ • ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ )ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﻠﺮﻳﻮﺱ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ 6 LRS functions • Research using laser technology • Technical and educational services • Training of graduate and undergraduate students

Brief history of LRS with the Industry • Administrative mandate • Planning ﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺬﺓ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ • ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ • ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ • Investigating the market needs • ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ • Major proponents: SABIC, Saudi Aramco, SCECO (SEC)…etc. ، • ﺃﺒﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﻴﻦ: ﺃﺮﺍﻣﻜﻮ . . . ﺳﺎﺑﻚ، ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ . ﺍﻟﺦ • Meetings • Proposed experiments • ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ 7

ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ Examples of industry related LRS research 8

ﺑﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ Industry and Laser #1 Oil Fingerprinting (spectroscopy) • The problem: oil dumping in the sea • The need: know which ship dumps the oil • The solution : fingerprint oils using remote sensing technique (US patent # 6, 633, 043) : • ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻀﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ • ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ: ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺒﺒﺔ Spectral Fingerprints of neat Saudi Marketed Crude Oils Using the Patented Technique • ﺍﻟﺤﻞ: ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ 9ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ

Mirror 280 nm Doubling Crystal Resulting Fluorescence Doubling Crystal Crude Oil Sample Collecting Lens Monochromator 1062 nm 532 nm 560 nm Dye Laser YAG Laser Photomultiplier Mirror Signal Trigger Signal Processor PC ﺭﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻲ ﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ Schematic diagram of the setup 10

Arabian Extra Light Crude Oil Arabian Light Crude Oil 11

Project supported by S. ARAMCO • ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺮﺍﻣﻜﻮ • ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ( • ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ )ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻦ • ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ • ﺃﻄﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ • • S. Aramco R&D Deliberations Contract (2 years) Implementation of project (build fingerprint database of oils + build a finished product) • Progress (Phase 1) Fingerprints of the same crude oils after seawater weathering Next generation of the technique: enhanced fingerprints for weathered oils 12

ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ Industry and Laser #2 Thin Films (sensors) • ﻛﺎﺷﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ • ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ • • ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎﺕ • Thin films gas sensors • energy saving applications • thin films thermal switches • optics 13

ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ Energy Saving Applications ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ؟؟ Application 14

ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻦ Industry and Laser #3 Photoinduced Chemistry/ Methane Cracking • The problem: methane utilization and transportation; hydrogen production • The need: transform methane into ethane and higher hydrocarbons plus hydrogen • The solution: Laser induced photo- conversion of methane (U. S. Patent Application No. 10653, 055 • ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻀﻠﺔ: ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ، ﻗﻠﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻦ • ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ: ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ . ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺮﻯ • ﺍﻟﺤﻞ: ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ - ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﺍﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ 15

ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ؟؟ Application 16

ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ Industry and Laser #4 Atmospheric pollution monitoring (LIDAR) The problem: Remote monitoring of industrial pollution and green house gases (NOx, SOx, COx, and O 3) in the atmosphere. Lidar monitoring of atmosphere at KFUPM ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ ﻭ ، ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ 17

ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ Principle of laser remote sensing 18

Cloud Thickness (km) 4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 0. 50 0. 00 19: 40 19: 37 19: 34 19: 30 19: 24 19: 16 19: 12 19: 06 18: 59 18: 55 18: 50 18: 46 18: 41 18: 37 18: 34 18: 30 18: 21 Time (Saudi Standard Time) Cloud thickness measured with LIDAR system at different times. 19

Velocity comparison between calculated Doppler shift and actual flow rate measurement speeds with our Doppler LIDAR. Typical aerosols backscattering coefficient determined from LIDAR data showing clearly the boundary layer. 20

ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﺨﺮﻯ، ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻨﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ The are a number of other examples, but let’s move on to the challenges 21

Complications and Challenges • Few new personnel/ graduate students • Companies need full systems not mere inventions; the final product! • Using laser is ~ sophisticated; in general the Local Industry is not that advanced in R&D. • Financial restrictions/ no equipment • Others are way ahead and much more dedicated. • Laser technology may not solve everything. ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ • ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﺩﺭ/ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ • ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﺠﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ • ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ (“ ”ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ • ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ • ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺃﻠﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ. . . ﺍﻟﺦ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ! ﻛﺒﻴﺮ • ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻻ ﺗﺤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ 22

Conclusions • Physics research has to find links/ ties with Industry. It is part of our survival, and a benefit to humanity. • Lasers have the potential. We presented a few industrial applications. • LRS is in progress, despite the difficulties. • The future? ? • We welcome ideas and collaborations ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ • ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻦ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ . ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ • ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ . ﻟﻺﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ ( • ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻨﺎ )ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ . ﺷﻮﻃ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻤﺎﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ • ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ؟ . • ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﺣﺐ ﺑﻨﺼﺎﺋﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺎﺗﻜﻢ 23

: ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﻜﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺳﻲ . ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺯﻣﻼﺋﻨﺎ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ ﺃﺨﻴﺮ ﺃﻮﻻ ﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺪ ﻟﻠﻪ Praise is indeed due to Allah Acknowledgement: The support of KFUPM is thankfully acknowledge. We extend our thanks and appreciation to our colleagues in LRS. 24