英语写作教学 主讲教师: 鲁晓霞
Chapter 7 Practical Writing • Objectives: • To learn to write different letters in English
Chapter 7 Practical Writing • Part I Notice Writing • Part II Note Writing • Part III Letter Writing • Part IV Resume Writing
Part III Letter Writing • • Personal Letters Personal letters are letters to friends and relatives. Business Letters All letters which are not “personal” are “business” letters. Business letters are not necessarily letters that discuss commercial matters; they are written to discuss or deal with important matters. A business letter is different from a personal letter in form; the language used in a business letter is naturally more formal, and the tone should be polite, unless you’re writing a letter to protest (about/against) something.
Part III Letter Writing Different kinds of letters: 1. complaining-letter投诉信 Structure: 投诉信是对产品或服务表示不满的信件， 一般分三个部分： 1． 提出投诉内容； 2． 说明具体情况； 3． 提出解决办法
Language: 投诉信应重点表明投诉的原因，叙事应客 观、准确、简洁。最后提出的解决方法 应切实可行。在表达自己的不满时，语 言要把握分寸，不失风度。
• Write a letter to complain about an unhappy experience in about 100 words to describe the matter and ask for the mistake to be corrected. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Sir, • I am writing to you about a most unhappy experience. Last Tuesday morning, we took a long-distance bus of your company from Dukou to Lijiang. The bus was scheduled to arrive in Lijiang at 7 o'clock in the evening, but it stopped midway at four p. m. for mechanical problems. The driver and the ticket seller could neither solve the problem by themselves nor seek help from others. Where we stopped was nowhere near a village. Up until 8 o'clock, another bus finally carried us to a shabby rural motel. We had to
pay for our accommodation. The room was too small and the quilt was so dirty. To our surprise, when we just managed to sleep at around 2 a. m. , the driver came to wake us up—the bus had been fixed! • I suggest that you look into this matter immediately and deal with it quickly and properly. • Looking forward to your reply. • Yours, • Li Ming
• Dear editor, • I write to you just for appealing all the people in the whole nation to enhance the service quality in the service area. • The other day I came to a bookstore to buy an English dictionary. There were so many kinds of dictionaries that it was very difficult for me to choose one. Moreover, all the dictionaries had light-tracing paper covered, so we could not look into their inner pages. However, I finally chose one and paid for the money. After I opened it I found that there were some pages left, some pages folded and had wrinkle lines. What’s more,
the print was indistinct, looking like a pirated one. I asked the bookstore assistant to change another one for me. To my angry, she refused to change another one for me for I had opened the light-tracing paper. Besides, she shouted to me with a very angry tone. It seemed that I had done something wrong. • From the experience I was very disappointed about the service quality in the service area such as restaurant and bookstore. The people who work in the service are often bad to the customers. In service area every
one wishes to have a good service but not accusing without no sensible reason. Therefore, I write to you to make more people realize this problem and attach more importance on such problem, hoping such kind of matter above will not happen again. • Best wishes, • Yours, • Li Ming
Sample and practice: • Suppose that you ordered a television but later found that it has worrying problems. Write a letter of complaint to describe the matter and require settlement. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Sir, • The television I ordered from your store arrived on time last Friday, but only three days later I found it could not work properly. • On Tuesday evening, when I turned on the television, I was surprised to find that it became a black and white television—all of the other colors were simply gone. What made matters worse, the remote control was also out of order. I dialed your service number for several times, but the line was always busy.
• This problem has affected our normal life. Can you get it repaired as soon as possible? Thank you for your consideration. • I am looking forward to your early reply. • Yours faithfully, • Li Ming
Part III Letter Writing 2. 询问信Enquiring- letter 结构要点: • 询问信是希望获取信息的信件，分为三个部分： • 1． 说明自己的计划或目的，也就是询问信息 的原因； • 2． 征询具体信息； • 3． 期待回复并表示感谢。 • 语言注意点: • 询问信应语言简洁、清晰，无歧义。语气礼貌、 恳切。
• Write a letter inquiring about a hotel. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Mr. Guo, • I am going to visit Songpan on July 30 and wish to stay at your hotel. My friend has just come back and warmly recommended it to me. • My wife and I want to go horse trekking with the Happy Trails Horse Team. We will choose to go to the Ice Mountain, so it will take four days. We want a double room with a private bath for two nights, July 30 and August 3. •
• Would you please tell us whether we could have such a room and how much it will cost us? • I am looking forward to your reply. • Sincerely yours, • Li Ming
Sample and practice: • You are a tourist and you want to experience a new way of traveling. Write a letter inquiring about such a traveling program. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Mr. Guo Chang, • My wife and I have read in the traveling book Lonely Planet about your Happy Trails Horse Team. We are very much interested in going horse trekking with your team. • We want to choose the Ice Mountain route, which will take four days, from July 31 to August 3. What should we take with us? Will the guides provide accommodation for us? How much will the tour cost each of us?
• We will reach Songpan on the afternoon of July 30 at about 5 o'clock. I hope it will not be too late when we arrive at your team. • I am looking forward to your early reply. • Sincerely yours, • Li Ming
Part III Letter Writing 3. 邀请信Invitation letter • 邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，包 含三个方面： • 1． 邀请对方参加活动的内容、时间和地点； • 2． 与该活动有关的注意事项； • 3． 期待对方接受邀请，并可表示感谢。 • 语言注意点: • 邀请信叙事一定要清楚、明白。如写给朋友， 可选用活泼、真诚的言辞；如写给长辈、上级、 名人等，则语言应正式、礼貌。
• Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Linda, • We haven't seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me. We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Let's go boating on the lake isn't it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Road—it is small but really nice. I'm sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, let's go to a concert—you are a music lover, aren't you?
If you couldn't come, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station. • I am looking forward to meeting you. • Sincerely yours, • Li Ming
April 15, 2015 Dear Mr. Brain, Thank you for your letter of March 20. As the spring –the best season of a year—has come , every thing is nice here. . The weather is always fine and comfortable, trees become green and various kinds of flowers are in blossom. We, therefore, invite you to visit our city from April 28 to May 5. If you accept our invitation , please inform us in detail of the number of your people , their names, and your suggestions of your visit. We will try our best to arrange everything according to your plan, and we hope that you will enjoy every minute of your trip here. We are looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Liu Xiao-hua
Sample and practice: • Write a letter to invite a famous professor to give a lecture to the English postgraduate students in your university. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using "Li Ming" instead.
• Dear Professor Michael Hutchison, • We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16. • We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. Two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike. • If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you can't make it, please also let us know. • We are looking forward to your coming. • Sincerely yours, • Li Ming
4. 求职信Application letter • 结构要点: • 求职信是求职应聘是写的信件一般包含三 个部分： • 1． 交待如何获取信息； • 2． 介绍自己的专业特长、经验、能力； • 3． 最后表达自己想要得到这个 作的迫 切希望，以及希望对方能考虑自己的请求。
• 或 1. 说明应聘职位； 2. 介绍自身情况； 3. 请求回复并表示感谢。 • 语 言注意要点： • 求职信不同于简历。在介绍自己情况时，不 可面面俱到，否则篇幅过长，反而不易得到 重视。应重点突出与所应聘职位相关的自己 的特点及特长。语言要有礼貌，要能体现出 诚恳的态度和对 作的渴求。 • 因此叙事清楚，对 于自己的经历 、经历 等要 讲 清要点，切不可啰嗦 ，愿望强烈，态 度诚 恳。
• 求职信是有目的地针对不同用人单位的一种书面自我介绍，通常一页 长，书写一般以商业格式为标准， • 分开头，中间和结尾三部分。 • 首尾部份应注意礼貌，通常信的开始要先做自我介绍，如：姓名、学 校、所学专业等。 • 中间部分是正文，是求职信的核心，形式多种多样，一般为自我条件 展示、 作展望等内容。先是你写求职信的目的是什么，目标是什么 ？是想获得一个什么样的具体的职务；其次写自己对从事此 作感兴 趣的原因、愿意到该单位 作的愿望和自己具有的资格；接着写出或 推销出你的优势或长处，即你的竞争实力；然后谈你为什么想为此机 构或公司服务？ 你对他们的了解有多少？关于他们的产品或服务、 任务、企业文化、目标、宗旨等一切与你自己的背景、价值观和目标 相关联的东西。 • 在结尾处建议下一步的行动，联络地点、联络方式，以及最后的感谢 语等。这三部分的内容一般占三或四段，可以发挥创意的空间非常的 大，不必死守规则，可灵活运用。求职信应与履历分开，有话则长， 无话则短，没有必要把简历的内容重复一遍。英文求职信的模式与中 文求职信格式相同。
• Beginnings 1) In reply to your advertisement in today’s (newspaper), I respectfully offer my services for the situation. 2) With reference to your advertisement in (newspaper) of May 2 for a clerk, I offer myself for the post. 3) Learning from Mr. S. P. Chen that you are looking for a sales manager, I should like to apply for the position. 4) So I must say that I have long been hopeful of working for your hospital after graduation, I am sure that I have the privilege of serving in your hospital, and I will greatly increase my experience and my education. 5) In reference to your advertisement in the newspaper for an accountant, I believe that I have the qualifications to fit your position.
6) On looking over today's Shaanxi Daily my attention was attracted by your advertisement for a senior English teacher. Now as I am desirous of obtaining such a position, I should like to apply for it. 7) I have learned from the newspaper that there is a vacancy in your firm, and I wish to apply for the position. 8）I wish to apply for the position of editor advertised in the newspaper. 9）I have heard that perhaps you might need an executive secretary with considerable experience working with companies such as yours. 10）I would like to apply for the position of secretary which you advertised in the newspaper of June. 11）I would like to inquire about the position of business manager that you advertised in the newspaper in September 5.
• Introducing oneself and personal ability • 1) For the past three years, I have been in the office of the Brothers Trading Co. , where I have been and still am an accountant. • 2) I have been in the business for the last ten years, and worked as the superintendent in the personnel department. • 3) I am 25 years of age, and have had two years’ experience in my present post, which I am leaving to better myself. • 4)I am twenty-three years of age and graduated from the University of Michigan of the class of 2004. • 5） I am currently a student in Xi’an University and I have three month to complete before I graduate. • 6） I have excellent grades in all my subjects especially have a thorough knowledge of the English language. If you wish to look at these information it will be sent to you later.
• 7） Needless to say, I will have completed a standard course in English language teaching before I graduate in July. In addition, I have chosen to elect all the courses available at my school in this field. • 8) I am just over twenty-four years of age and have left college about three months ago, during which time I have been striving to make myself proficient in shorthand typewriting, and have attained a speed of ninety and seventy words a minute respectively. • 9） I am a graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University. I won a scholarship and the first prize in speech contest in the University. • 10） I have received a good education and I have business knowledge and know the sales techniques. • 11） My English scores were always on the top three of my class of sixty. I have learned to operate computer and I can type either in English or in Chinese.
• 12) Being well acquainted with office works, I could make myself generally useful, should there be any opportunity of your requiring my services. • 13) I have been at the City Commercial College, where I have acquired knowledge of English, mathematics and elementary business practice.
• Reasons for leaving • 1) My reason for leaving my present employment is that I am desirous of getting broader experience in trading. • 2) I am desirous of leaving the employment in order to improve my position and have more responsibility. • 3) Unfortunately I have had to leave my position, as my employers have been forced to liquidate their business due to the worldwide economic adversity. • About salary • 1) I should require a commencing salary of 9, 600 dollars a month, plus 1% commission on all sales. • 2) As regards salary, I leave it to you to decide after experience of my capacity.
• Ending and enclosure 1) You will find enclosed an outline of my education and business training and copies of two letters of recommendation. 2) Enclosed please find a résumé and a photo. 3) I should be glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired. 4) Should you think favorably of my application, please kindly grant me an interview. 5)If you would like to know more about my ability, I can be available for an interview at any time convenient to you. 6)If you desire an interview, I shall be most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint. 7)Should you entertain my application favorably, I would spare to trouble acquit myself to your satisfaction. 8)If you feel that I am suited for the job that you have in mind, please inform me of the time convenient for an interview. I hope to hear from you in the near future.
9) You will find enclosed a testimonial from the President of the University who has kindly offered to provide you with any further details you may require. 10) If there is further information that you wish in the meantime, please let me know. I can always be reached at the address given at the beginning of this letter. 11). I shall be able to call for an interview at your convenience and shall be able to supply any necessary or examples of my previous work 12). I am happy to refer you upon your request people who can tell you of my work and my character. 13) I would be very happy to work under your supervision if it is possible. Thank you very much for your kind attention. Please send me an answer at your earliest convenience. 14) I hope you will be able to place me somewhere.
Sample • Dear Sir or Madam: • With reference to your advertisement in Yangcheng Evening of June 23, 2013 for English teacher, I offer myself for the position. • I am 24 years of age and unmarried. Before receiving my B. A. from Tourism and culture college of Yunnan University, I worked for three years as an English teacher in Lijiang, Yunnan province. I love teaching and English. I hope I can be an English teacher at your school. • I have a wide knowledge of English. I am fluent in English（ reading, writing, speaking）and had passed College English Test — Band Six. What’s more , I am thoroughly experienced in all types of office work. Copies of my testimonials are enclosed. I should be glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired. • Sincerely yours, • Xxx
• 1)Suppose you’re a second-year student majoring in English at the Xi’an University of Arts and Science in Shaanxi Province. You’ve learned from a newspaper ad that the manager of a local company wants to hire a part-time translator. Write a letter to apply for this job. In your letter, provide the necessary information about yourself. (150 -200 words)
• Dear Mr. Smith: • From an ad in the Shannxi Daily newspaper I’ve learned that you are interested in hiring a part-time translator. I feel that my academic background and my work experience qualify me for this position. • I am a second-year English major at the Xi’an University of Arts and Science in Shaanxi Province. During the past year, I have taken courses in listening, speaking, writing and reading. Last spring, I gained practical experience in translation by working in a local translation company. • I am confident that my experience in translation as well as my academic background should enable me to make useful contributions to your company. •
• • Enclosed please find my resume. I will be available for an interview any time after my examinations, which end on December 29. You can reach me at 15899000000. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely yours, Li Ming
• 2)Write a letter to a high school in your hometown to apply for a teaching position. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead. . (150200 words)
Dear Sir, I am writing to apply for the position as an English teacher that you recently advertised in Sichuan Daily. I take keen interest in the post because I find that my major and experiences well meet the requirements you stated in the advertisement. Being interested in English teaching, I pursued my graduate study in the direction of teaching methodology in Sichuan International Studies University, and got a Master’s Degree in 2003. I was a top student through the three academic years, as can be shown in the enclosed resume and reports. After graduation, I ever taught English in a Xi’an high school. As Sichuan is my hometown I love very much, I have decided to move back and so I venture to apply for the position in your school. • If I were favored with an interview, I would be most grateful. Please contact me at 13573889787. Thank you for your consideration. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Li Ming
• 3) Suppose you are going to graduate from Shanghai University. Write a letter to a company to apply for a post of salesman. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead. (150 -200 words)
• Dear Sir, Keenly interested I am in the post of salesman you have advertised on the job market because I think my major, marketing, and my practical experience particularly match your requirements of the post. I will graduate from Shanghai University this June and get a B. A. degree. I have always been one of the top ten students in my class. I got excellent grades in not only required subjects but also optional courses such as economics, statistics and Chinese literature. Besides, I have passed CET— 6 with a mark over 80. Moreover, during the four years, I took an active part in all kinds of practices of sale promotion, which greatly added to my experience in marketing and interpersonal communication. In a word, I am confident that I qualify for the post. • If my application were taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply. Enclosed are my score reports and resume. Yours sincerely, Li Ming
• 5. Letter of application申请信 结构要点: 申请信是向收信人提出某个请求的信件， 包含三个部分： 1. 提出请求； 2. 说明原因； 3. 请求回复并表示感谢。 • 语言注意点: 申请信开篇应点明主题，语言简练。接 着说明做此申请的原因，即自己所具备的申 请条件，这一部分需重点明确，论述充分。 最后请求回复并表示感谢时，应采用礼貌、 诚恳的措辞。
• Write a letter to apply for a membership in an organization in about 150 - 200 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
• Dear Mr. Peterson, I am writing to apply for a membership in your musical band. My music teacher, Prof. Huntington, strongly recommended that I attend such a renowned organization, telling me that it would benefit me in many years to come. I have been loving music ever since I was in elementary school. I learned piano at eight and flute at twelve. Now I play drum in the school musical band. I hope I can grow up into a good saxophone player in your team—with so many music lovers around me, I will surely become more creative and enthusiastic. • If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply. Best regards, • Yours sincerely, Li Ming
• Write a letter to apply for a membership in a program in about 150 -200 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
• Dear Sir, I have heard that the university will choose 30 students to teach in rural junior high schools for one month. I am very much interested in this program and want to be one of them. I am a sophomore majoring in English language and literature and I have been a private tutor ever since I finished my College Entrance Examination. I love teaching—whenever I teach, I feel I am making progress together with my students all the time. • Enclosed are my score reports on all relative subjects. I hope that my application will get your favorable consideration. With best regards, Yours sincerely, Li Ming •
Part III Letter Writing 6. 祝贺信Congratulation letter • 结构要点: • 祝贺信是由于某种原因向收信人道贺的信件， 一般包含三个部分： • 1． 点明要祝贺的事情，并向对方道贺； • 2． 详述祝贺的事情； • 3． 再次祝贺。 • 语言注意点: • 祝贺信除了向对方道贺以外，还可表达祝福、 期望等。语言应热情洋溢，满怀喜悦。
• Suppose your friend Mr. Zhao has recently got a promotion. Write a letter in about 150 -200 words to congratulate him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
• Dear Mr. Zhao, • I am extremely glad to hear that you have got a promotion in your company. Congratulations! • It is excellent of you to get a promotion, for after all you have just been in the company for six months. As we all know, you are always a both hard working and creative person, which is essential to achieve your goals in work. Moreover, your strong sense of responsibility enables you to win trust from people around you and thus win yourself various opportunities. I think that is why you can make achievements in such a short time. • There is no doubt that you deserve the promotion. Having you as a friend, I really feel both proud and lucky because I can often learn so much from you. • Best wishes, • Yours faithfully, • Li Ming •
Part III Letter Writing 7. 道歉与解释Apology • 结构要点: 致歉信是向收信人表示歉意的信件， 包括三个部分： 1. 说明为何事而致歉； 2. 解释造成过失或不能履约的原因； 3. 再次致歉或提出解决方案。 • 语言注意点: 致歉信必须写得坦诚，表达出真心的歉意。
Dear Mr. / Ms, • We are sorry we cannot send you immediately the catalogue and price list for which you asked in your letter of March 10. Supplies are expected from the printers in two weeks and as soon as we receive them, we will send you a copy. • Yours faithfully, • Li Ming
• Suppose you cannot attend your sister’s graduation ceremony as expected for some reason. Write a letter in about 150 -200 words to make an apology to her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.
• Dear Linda, Kindly excuse me for my not being able to attend your graduation ceremony next Wednesday as I have promised. You know, there will be a meeting of great importance to my company next week in Nanjing. But the person who was originally appointed to it is now seriously ill in hospital. And I have been asked to take his place to attend the meeting and make a speech on behalf of my company. On the one hand, it is a task assigned by my boss out of his trust in me. On the other hand, I do regard it as an opportunity to both display and enhance my abilities. So I am afraid I cannot be present at your graduation ceremony. Though I have decided to send you a gift to celebrate your graduation, I really regret that I cannot give you my sincere congratulations on the spot, for I know any gift can never parallel a warm word spoken personally by a family member. I do feel terribly sorry. Please forgive me. Cordially, Li Ming
Part III Letter Writing 8. 英文书信常用语 Opening 开首语 Pardon me, though a stranger to you personally, for taking liberty to address you these few lines. As I have not heard of you for long, I feel anxious. I must apologize for not having written to you previously. Please pardon my long in writing to you.
Part III Letter Writing • Pardon me for neglect when you honored me with a visit the other day. • Having mislaid your address, I have not been able to reply sooner. • Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning. • Your letter of the 4 th this month was duly received. • I have the pleasure to tell you that. . • I have just received your kind letter.
Closing 结束语 Please notify me soon. Looking forward to a prompt reply. Please do not fail to write to me. I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience. I look for your answer in a few days. Let me hear if you receive the parcel safely. As the season grows colder, I hope you will take good care of yourself.
With kind regards to your family. Please give my compliments to your family. Pray give my best remembrances to Mr. Brown. My parents ask also to add their best thanks to mine. Adieu till then. Thanking you for the past favour. I think you for the trouble you have taken. Hoping you will have a pleasant trip. Wishing you a pleasant journey. The help you sent is sincerely valued.
Useful expressions in social communication 社交用语 The bearer of this letter, Mr. Chen, professor of. . . , (an esteemed friend of mine), is desirous of being introduced to your acquaintance. I am very grateful for your kindness in permitting me to. . . I respectfully acknowledge your note and will wait upon you as proposed. Should an interview be desired, I shall be happy to call at any hour you may appoint.
• I have some important business matter to communicate to you. • Anything further will be discussed when we meet. • I regret that a prior engagement will prevent me from a tending. • I think you for your kind entertainment last evening. • I shall have great pleasure in accepting your invitation. • Accept my thanks for our handsome present.
Wish 祝愿语 I wish you a happy New Year. Pray accept my best and sincerest wishes for the New Year. Presenting the compliments of the season. With every good wish. Pray allow me to congratulate your most heartily on your success in your examination. I am glad to hear that you were appointed. . . , on which I congratulate you most heartily. I congratulate you upon your success. I wish you still further success.
Part IV Resume Writing • A résumé is a brief written account of one’s personal details. When we are applying for a job, we usually send a résumé together with our letter of application. A résumé usually consists of personal details, including name, address, telephone numbers, date of birth and sex; education, and work experience.
Assignment • Finish all the exercises of this chapter
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