臺灣原住民保留地合理保育利用的問 題與對策之研究 A Study on Problems and Solutions for Rational Use of Indigenous Reservation Lands in Taiwan 授課老師 Prof. Li-Ling Lin Prof. Paris Honglay Chen Prof. Jie. Dar. Cheng Prof. Der-Guey Lin Ph. D student： ZI-Qing Chen(陳子晴 , 博一 ) January 8, 2010
Outline Introduction Literature Review Research Methods Study Flow Chart Expected Benefits
Introduction • Intense rainstorms with heavy rainfall during May-October monsoon and typhoon seasons contribute to frequent occurrence of severe erosion, landslides, debris flows and floods in Taiwan. • These soil and water disasters often lead to serious losses of lives and properties.
Introduction • Except steep slope-lands on weak geological formations, heavy rains and earthquakes, some blame that cultivation on the indigenous people’s reserve lands 260, 000 ha beyond designated limits and illegal land uses are the factors causing these disasters.
Introduction Causes ？(原因 ) During May-October monsoon and typhoon seasons. Debris flows, Channel Erosion, Mud-stone Flood, And slide-Induced Dams, ---etc. Sedimentation, Life. Loss. Damages to house. Public Properties, Soil and Water Disasters.
Introduction Unfavorable Natural conditions？ (先天不良 ) Improper Landuses ----(後天失調 ) Agricultural, cultivation, Too many Poorly designed maintenance Roads.
Literature Review Sidle et. al. （2006）. Erosion Processes In Steep Terrain-Truths, Myth, and Uncertainties Related to Forest Management in Southest Asia. （ 在東南亞地區有關森林經營的坡地的 沖蝕過程之事實、迷思和不確定性）
Literature Review A. Surface Erosion 1. Roads 2. Trails 3. Agricultural cultivation 4. Fire 5. Land clearing Increase surface erosion due to disturbance compaction.
Literature Review Reduction Measures 1. Contour tillage (等高耕犁 ) 2. Strip Crop (等高帶狀栽 植) 3. Reduce tillage (耕犁減少 )
Literature Review B. Land slide 10年生杉木林 根系之範圍 1. Tree root binding 30年生杉木林 根系之範圍
2. Tree removal 3. Permanent conversion to other uses
Literature Review C. Roads D. Trails 1. Contribute largest surface erosion landslide within sloplands 2. Road surface--reduce infiltration 3. Cut and Fill （ 上邊坡下 邊坡） Interception of subsurface flow 4. Slide ditches（ 逕流集中 flow concentration） Impacts smaller
Surfaces erosion at least 10 times greater 一次降雨之沖蝕量 地點 地被物種類 日本岡山 縣 赤松林 Ithaca U. S. A （鄭皆達等, 2005） 一次降雨之 雨量 流出表土深 流出土砂量 112. 0 0. 1 0. 6 皆伐地 112. 0 0. 7 4. 1 皆伐跡地 開墾地 林地 112. 0 2. 1 25. 5 240. 5 - 0 草地 240. 5 - 0 馬鈴薯旱 田 240. 5 - 1. 3
Surfaces erosion at least 10 times greater 砍伐森林與開路引起山路坍方的嚴重性比較 (美國西部太平洋海岸山脈之例 ) 調查地區 調查時間 相對坍方數 相對坍方體積 (森林 /砍伐 /開 路) 路) 1 x/5 x/20 x 1 x/12 x/25 x 西 南 英 屬 哥 倫 比 1939 -1972 亞海岸山脈 華 盛 頓 Stequaleho 1887 -1971 1 x/na/1600 x 1 x/3 x/30 x Creek Oregon Cascades 1946 -1972 1 x/3 x/33 x 1 x/3 x/30 x HJ Andrews 森林 Oregon Cascades 1946 -1975 1 x/12 x/366 x 1 x/2. 6 x/343 x Hlder Creek Oregon 海岸山脈， 1957 -1977 1 x/1 x/7 x 1 x/2 x/45 x Mapleton RD Oregon Cascades 1946 -1981 1 x/13 x/74 x 1 x/3. 4 x/95 x Blue River Oregon Cascades 1955 -1981 1 x/13 x/74 x 1 x/3. 4 x/95 x Middle Santian R Willamett NF 中 度 約 30年 1 x/3 x/47 x 1 x/2. 5 x/37 x 安定區 Willamett NF 不安 約 30年 1 x/7 x/336 x 1 x/5. 5 x/250 x 定區 Oregon Sisk NF 1556 -1976 1 x/19 x/138 x 1 x/7 x/112 x Klamath 山 資料來源：Doug Heiken. （ 1997）；選取連續觀察 20年以上部份； x為倍數
Literature Review Location Design and maintenance roads and trails is critically importance.
Research Methods (1) Analyze the available official data to obtain overall significance of uses of land exceeding designed class. (2) select six watershed in Indigenous reservation Land （IRL） systems, as cases for investigating the land issues. (3) Use the application of Geographic information System（GIS）to calculate and examine if the current land Uses in IRL are beyond the designated land use capability.
Study Flow Chart Determine the current uses of IRL in general Base on available official data Selected 2 watersheds each for different degrees of Uses Exceeding the designated Land Use Class（sever, moderate and light） Calculate and determine the land use capability class for each unit within the watershed
Study Flow Chart Determine the actual landuses of each units are within the designated landuse class（limit） Discuss the disasters occurrence potential of current Landuses of the watersheds Recommend soil conservation measures
Study Flow Chart Formulate the Best Management Practices Suggest other measures for overall welfare improvement of mountain communities.
Expected Benefits The results of this study may help formulate polices that contribute to (a) Soil and Water conservation. (b) Indigenous people’s welfares such as jobs and income.
Thanks for your attention
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