第二篇语法专项复习第 24课名词和冠词

第二篇语法专项复习

第 24课名词和冠词

名词要点梳理 • 名词是中考考查的重点。考查内容主要为： • 1. 名词单、复数的变化规律及其用法； • 2. 不可数名词量的表达法； • 3. 名词所有格的变化及其用法； • 4. 名词作主语的一致问题； • 5. 常用专有名词的表示法； • 6. 具体语境中名词的词义和一些常用

• Ⅰ. 名词的定义 • 名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。 • 名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。 • 专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。 • 如：Yao Ming姚明； China中国； Christmas圣诞节等。

• Ⅱ. 可数名词和不可数名词 • 普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和 • 不可数名词。 • 1．可数名词 • 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如： an apple; two • apples。 • 注意：a 用于以辅音音素(指音标)开头的单数名词前；

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• 2．不可数名词 • 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。 • (1)物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; • fish(鱼肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)； • sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。这 • 类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：

• Ⅲ. 名词的数 • 1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化：情况一般情况以s，x， ch，sh，构成方式读音 1. s 在清辅音在词尾加后发 /s/音 s 2． s 在浊辅音后发 /z/音在词尾加 e s发 /iz/音 e s 例词 1. desk→des ks pen→pens 2. room→roo ms bag→bags box→boxes bus→buses watch→watc

情况构成方式读音例词 story→storie 以辅音字母 s 先变 y为 i，＋y结尾的 i es发 /iz/音再加 s e family→famil 词 ies 以元音字母 boy→boys 直接在词尾＋y结尾的 s /z/音发加 s day→days 词 knife→knive 先变 f或fe 以f或fe结尾 v es发 /vs/ s 为 ve，再加的词音 s leaf→leaves potato→pota

• 2. 可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化 • (1)元音或词尾发生变化 • 如：man→men; woman→women; Frenchman→Frenchmen; • tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children • (2)单复数形式相同 • 如：sheep→sheep; fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese; Japanese→ • Japanese; yuan→yuan　 • (3)形式为单数意思为复数

• (6)由man, woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man, • woman都变成复数。 • 如：man driver→men drivers; woman teacher→women • teachers • 但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 • 如：a banana tree→banana trees; a shoe factory→shoe

• Ⅳ. 名词的所有格： • 1. 有生命的名词所有格 • (1)单数名词后加’s。如：my brother’s book • (2)不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s。如： the children’s football • (3)以s结尾的复数名词后加’。如：the boys’ game • (4)以s结尾的专有名词后直接加’。如： Dickens’ novels

• 2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格 • (1)of＋名词。如：a photo of my family, the door of the classroom • 注意：“of＋名词’s/名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格。 • 如：a friend of mine, a friend of Jim’s。 • (2) 表示时间或距离的方法。如：ten minutes’ drive十分钟车程； • a month’s holiday一个月的假期。 • (3)表称呼、职业等名词的所有格可以表示

感悟中考 • 【例1】　(2011黄岗) a • As we know, England is ____ an European country and Singapore is ____ Asian country. • A. an; an B. an; a • C. a; a D. a; an • 解析：本题考查不定冠词的运用。 European“西方的”，音标以辅音音素[j]

• 【例2】　(2011宁波) • —You look so healthy! D • —Yeah, I like eating apples. An apple a day keeps the ____ away. • A. teacher B. worker • C. farmer D. doctor • 解析：本题考查名词辨析。联系上下文可知本题是讨论健康，且有句俗语：一天一个苹果可以远离医生。故选D。

• 【例3】　(2011金华) A • —Would you like some ____. • —Oh, yes, just a little. • A. milk B. apple • C. pears D. oranges • 解析：本题考查可数名词和不可数名词的区别。由答语 • a little(修饰不可数名词)可知此空应填入不可数名词。apple 为可数名词单数，

• 【例4】　(2011嘉兴、舟山) • —Would you please pass me C something to drink? • —What about some ____？ • A. beef B. fish • C. juice D. bread • 解析：本题考查不可数名词的词义辨析。 drink意为“喝”，juice意为“果汁”符合题意。故选C。

• 【例5】　(2011宜宾) B • There are many ____ playing on the playground. • A. child B. children • C. man teachers D. sheeps • • 解析：本题考查可数名词复数形式。 many修饰可数名词复数形式，child为可数名词单数，A不选；男教师的复数应表达为men teachers，C不选；

• 【例6】　(2011长沙) B • September 10 th is ____ Day. • A. Teacher B. Teachers’ • C. Mothers D. Mother • 解析：本题考查用所有格表示节日的方法。9月10日为教师节，每个人的老师都不只一个故用teacher复数

• 【例7】　(2010黄冈) • —Good morning, madam. Can I help D you? • —Sure. I’d like ____ for cooking vegetables. • A. two cups of tea B. three pieces of bread • C. one bowl of dumplings D. five kilos of oil

领悟语法 • B • • Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( )1. —Excuse me, may I know your ____？ —Sure. It’s No. 3 Bridge Street. (2011绍兴) A. house B. address C. way D. place

• C ( )2. Could you please get me some ____？ I’m hungry. • • (2011重庆) A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 解析：考查可数名词与不可数名词。

• • • B ( )3. —Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? —I’m afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi. • • (2011宿迁) A. decision B. choice

• • D ( )4. There are millions of websites on the Internet and there ____ a lot of useful ____on the websites. • • • (2011苏州) A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; informations D. is; information

• C ( )5. Look! There are some ____ on the floor. • • (2011长沙) A. child B. water C. boxes D. girl 解析：考查可数名词与不可数名词。

• • • C ( )6. ____ mothers can’t come to the meeting because they have gone to Wuhan. (2011黄岗) A. Sally and Jane B. Sally and Jane’s C. Sally’s and Jane’s D. Sally’s and Jane

• • C ( )7. —Mrs Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year. —She said she would never forget some pleasant ____ while working there. • • (2011黄岗) A. experiments B.

• B ( )8. ____ is the most important festival in China. • • • (2011铜仁) A. Christmas B. Spring Festival C. Mid autumn. Day National Day D. 解析：考查词义辨析。Christmas是圣

• • • B ( )9. For breakfast, I usually have ____ and two pieces of bread. (2011杭州) A. a cup of milk half B. half a cup of milk C. a half milk cup D. half a milk cup

C • ( )10. The theme park is about ____ ride from the • museum. You should start out right now. • (2011无锡) • A. two hour B. two hour’s • C. two hours’ D. two hours

• Ⅱ. 单词拼写 toys classes • 1. My sister has a lot of 具)． (玩 months tea • 2. There are forty four foot (班) in our school. • 3. How many a year? (月)are there in

• Ⅲ. 用所给词的正确形式填空 sheep • 1. I can see many (sheep) in the fieldmen through the window of my room. • 2. The two (man) shirts both looks fit Mr Green, he can’t choose which to is buy. comes • 3. The pair of shoes (look) nice. • 4. Two hours (be) enough for

• 6. Some animals, for example, leaves elephants and koalas, live on grass policemen and • 7. Two glasses milk (leaf)． orange sister’s (policeman) are standing there. • 8. I want three (milk)． (glass) of

冠词要点梳理 • 中考对冠词的考查主要为： • 1. 冠词的基本用法； • 2. 不用冠词的情况； • 3. 习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。 • • Ⅰ. 冠词的定义 • 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前，用来说明名词所表示的

• Ⅱ. 冠词的用法 • 1．不定冠词a, an的用法 • (1)不定冠词表泛指单数的某人或某物。 • (2)不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；不定冠 • 词an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如：a useful • book; a desk; an old man; an actor; an “m”。 • (3)第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如：There is a book on

• 2．定冠词the的用法 • (1)定冠词the, 用来特指某人或某物，双方都知道的人或物的 • 名词前，或用于第二次提到的某人或某物。如： • Open the door, please. • There is a kite on the wall. The kite is new. • (2)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。如：

• (5)用在乐器名词前。如：play the violin • (6)用在表示方位的名词前。如：in the east/north/west/south • (7)用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜 • 古迹等专有名词前。如： • the Yellow River; the Great Wall; • the West Lake; the White House等。 • (8)用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或一个家庭。如：

• 3．不用冠词的情况 • (1)有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。 • 如： China; Japanese; milk; love等。 • (2)名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, • any, no, each, every等代词时，不用冠词。 • 如：This is my ruler. • (3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时，不

• (5)一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词前，球类活动。如： • I have lunch at home. • He often plays soccer after class. • Science is my favorite subject. • (6)在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如： • Teachers’ Day; Mother’s Day; • on Monday; in May; in summer等。 • (7)在某些固定搭配里，名词之前常不

感悟中考 • 【例1】　(2011金华) C • My mother is ____ English teacher in No. 2 Middle School. • A. a B. the • C. an D. / • 解析：本题考查不定冠词的用法。以元音音素开头的单词前要用不定冠词an，故选C。

• 【例2】　(2011河北) C • She learned to play ____ piano all by herself. • A. a B. an • C. the D. 不填 • 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。在乐器名词前要用定冠词the。故选C。

• 【例3】　(2011嘉兴、舟山) • —Who’s that lovely girl? C • —You mean ____ girl with long hair? That’s Kate. • A. a B. an • C. the D. 不填 • • 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。在特指的名词前用定冠词。根据句意“那长头发的女孩”，因此girl 前用the。故

• 【例4】　(2010丽水) C • Many people think that 2012 is one of ____ most successful films. • A. a B. an • C. the D. 不填 • 解析：本题考查定冠词的用法。形容词最高级前面要用定冠词the。故选 C。

• 【例5】　(2010杭州) • —Do you enjoy your stay in B Hangzhou? • —Yes. I’ve had ____ wonderful time. • A. / B. a • C. the D. an • 解析：本题考查固定短语与不定冠词搭配的关系。have a wonderful

• 【例6】　(2011衢州) A • Justin Bieber is ____ Canadian singer and he has lots of fans. • A. a B. an • C. the D. 不填 • 解析：本题考查不定冠词与定冠词的区别。根据题意Justin Bieber是一个加拿大歌手，应用不定冠词表泛指， Canadian以辅音音素开头须用a。故选A。

• 【例7】　(2011宿迁) an / • Lily is ____ active girl and she is fond of playing ____ volleyball. • A. an; a B. a; the • C. an；/ D. a；/ • 解析：本题考查不定冠词及不用冠词的情况。根据句意“Lily 是一个活泼的女孩”，应用表泛指的不定冠词，且active以元音开头，则选an；球类活动前不用冠词，故

领悟语法 • • B Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( )1. English is ____ international language. • • • (2011芜湖) A. a C．/ • 解析：考查冠词。language 是可数 B. an D. the

• • A ( )2. We usually go to ____ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to ____ cinema at weekends. • • • (2011天津) A. 不填；the the; the C. the; 不填不填；不填 B. D.

• • • B ( )3. We will see ____ even stronger China in ____ near future. • (2011无锡) A. a; the C. the; a • 解析：考查冠词in the near future“在 • B. an; D. an; a

• • A ( )4. —What are you going to be when you grow up, Sam? — ____ teacher like you. • • • (2011台州) A. A C. The • 解析：考查冠词。a 修饰以辅音音素 B. An D．/

• • • C ( )5. —Look at ____ skirt. I bought it for mother on Mother’s Day, isn’t it nice? —Oh, what ____ nice present！ • • (2011黄石) A. a; a the B. a;

• • D ( )6. This novel can make you laugh and cry at ____ same time. (2011上海) A. a an C. the B. D. / 解析：考查固定短语。at the same

• • A ( )7. Let’s have ____ break; I want to make ____ telephone call. (2011包头) A. a; a the C. the; a the 解析：考查固定短语的构成。 B. a; D. the;

• D ( )8. ____ are planning to go on vacation. • • (2011乌鲁木齐) A. Black’s C. The Black’s The Blacks B. A D. 解析：考查冠词。the加姓的复数形式

• • C ( )9. —How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? —It takes us ____ hour or more to go to my hometown by ____ train. • • (2011呼和浩特) A. an; a B. a

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• • B ( )10. Which of the following phonetic transcription(音标) is right for the phrase “the egg”？ • • • (2011杭州) A. /ðə　eg/ /ði　eg/ C. /θi　eg/ /di　eg/ B. D.

提高题 • Ⅱ. 根据上下文或中文意思填入所缺单词 hobby • Reading book is a good ( 爱好) for all kinds of reasons. books • First, reading is funny. weather You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading. This is especially useful a when the (天气) is bad. It is a relaxing hobby, too. You can really become lost in a book. • Next, you can read book

reason • Another good (原因) for reading books is that is useful. If you read as a hobby, you will get better and better at it. This means that you will read faster subjects and will become better at understanding what you read. As your reading improves, you will probably find your school work computer becomesthe much easier. Many school (功课) depend on good reading and, as you read, you learn more and more. • Some people say that reading is out

readers • Good (读者) are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have the more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby, one of best. What other hobbies could be more useful, or more enjoyable?

完成考点跟踪训练 24

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第二篇 语法专项复 习 第 24课 名词和冠词

第二篇语法专项复习第 24课名词和冠词