第三讲物流信息技术物流管理学 Chapter

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第三讲物流信息技术物流管理学 Chapter 12 International Logistics Information Technology 第 12章国际物流主讲教师：张余华教授广东外语外贸大学《物流学》讲义

Learning Objectives To identify the reasons for governmental intervention in the area of international trade To distinguish among the unique activities of international trade specialists To examine issues involved in international air transportation To relate activities involved in international ocean transportation 12 -2

International Logistics Key Terms Customs house brokers Export management company Export packers 12 -3 Key Terms Export trading company Import quotas Incoterms 2000

International Logistics Key Terms International Air Transport Association (IATA) International freight forwarders Irrevocable letter of credit 12 -4 Land bridge Key Terms Nontariff barrier Nonvessel- operating common carrier (NVOCC) Shippers associations Shipping conferences

International Logistics Changes to political landscape affect logistics The end of Soviet rule in Eastern Europe EU economic integration Nontariff barriers-a rule that has the effect of reducing imports Restrictions on truck traffic, forcing freight onto rail and water NAFTA Multinational firms 12 -5

International Marketing Size or scale of firms may be different Firms selling products under their own brand are concerned about quality maintenance Consumer preferences differ International credit system is not well developed Irrevocable letter of credit 12 -6

Figure 12 -1: Irrevocable Letter of Credit 12 -7

International Marketing Channels Domestic (U. S. ) channels Ownership Negotiations Financing Promotions Logistics International channel additions Documentation 12 -8

Terms of Sale—Incoterms 2000 EX-Works (EXW) FCA (Free Carrier) CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) FAS (Free Alongside Ship) DES (Delivered Ex Ship) FOB (Free on Board) DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay) CFR (Cost and Freight) DAF (Delivered at Frontier) CPT (Carriage Paid To) DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) CIF (Cost, Insurance, and DDU (Delivered Duty Freight) 12 -9 Unpaid)

Government Influences on Foreign Trade Government controls on the flow of international trade Customs or duties Import quotas Health inspections Safety standards Currency outflow Political or military reasons Port choice 12 -10 Non-trade reasons

Government’s Role in International Transport International carriage is an export to the nation operating the carrier-affects balance of payments International fleets and airlines may be subsidized Large nations must protect their flag carriers’ interests 12 -11

International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists International Freight Forwarders Advising on acceptance of letters of credit Booking space on carriers Preparing an export declaration Preparing an air waybill or bill of lading Obtaining consular documents Arranging for Insurance Preparing and sending shipping notices and documents 12 -12 Serving as general consultant on export matters

International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists Nonvessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC) Customs house brokers Export management company Export trading company Shippers associations Shipping conferences Export packers 12 -13

Figure 12 -2: A Forwarder’s Export Quotation Sheet Showing Factors to Include When Determining a Price Quote 12 -14

12 -15 Figure 12 -3: A Package Marked for Export

Logistics Channels in International Distribution Landward move to the port or airport in exporting country International air International ocean shipping Landward leg in importing country 12 -16

Movement to Port or Airport To adjacent countries, move is similar to domestic, with more paperwork To ports Use containerization Land bridge operations To airports Chartered aircraft Scheduled air carriers Integrated air carriers 12 -17 International Air Transport Association (IATA)

Figure 12 -4: Large Containers Used by International Airlines 12 -18

Ocean Shipping Types of Ocean Cargo Petroleum Dry-bulk cargoes-grain, ores, sulfur, sugar, scrap iron, coal, lumber, logs in vessel loads Containers Shipping conferences and alliances pool resources and extend market coverage 12 -19

Ocean Shipping Types of Vessels Containerships Lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels Roll On-Roll Off (RO-RO) vessels Tankers Parcel Tankers Tramps Specialized vessels 12 -20

Figure 12 -5: A RO-RO Vessel in Jacksonville, Florida 12 -21

Surface Transport in Importing Countries Few foreign nations have as wide a range of modes as in the United States Transportation nationalization is higher in most countries other than the United States Ship owners are becoming involved in land transport Short sea shipping along coasts Rail gauges vary around the world 12 -22

International Trade Inventories May vary in small ways from country to country—products may be tailored to fit Less is needed (than in U. S. ) to serve any one country Return items are impossible to accommodate Import and export quotas affect value of inventories Currency and language differences 12 -23

第三讲物流信息技术物流管理学 Thanks for Your Cooperation Logistics Information Technology 主讲教师：张余华教授

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第三讲 物流信息技术 物 流 管 理 学 Chapter

第三讲物流信息技术物流管理学 Chapter