微观交通仿真及其应用 初连禹 lchu@berkeley. edu 加州创新交通研究中心 加州交通管理实验室 长春，2006年 8月26日
Introduction l Microscopic simulation ¡ ¡ l a software tool to model traffic system, including roads, drivers, and vehicles, in fine details. models: AIMSUN, CORSIM, MITSIM, PARAMICS, VISSIM… Why simulation? ¡ ¡ Can capture detailed traffic flow dynamics Can be calibrated to reproduce real world scenarios Can provide a visualization tool to evaluate traffic management and operational strategies answer “what if” questions
Applications l Online/off-line l Evaluate applications traffic management and operational improvements l Model and Evaluate ITS l Calibrate / optimize operational parameters of ITS strategies l Develop / test new models, algorithms, control strategies
Paramics model l PARAMICS: PARAllel MICroscopic Simulation ¡ a suite of software tools for micro traffic simulation, including: l ¡ l Modeller, Analyzer, Processor, Estimator, Programmer developer: Quadstone, Scotland Features ¡ ¡ large network simulation capability modeling the emerging ITS infrastructures OD estimation tool Application Programming Interfaces (API) l l access core models of the micro-simulator customize and extend many features of Paramics model complex ITS strategies complement missing functionalities of the current model
How to model ITS: Application Programming Interfaces User Input Interface Professional Community Oversight Core Model API Output Interface GUI Tools Developer
PARAMICS API Main simulation loop function calls: vehicle related. . link related. . and others API functions data Plugins user-defined programs Other applications /APIs
PARAMICS Plug-in Development Signal Provided API Library ATMIS Modules Ramp Routing Demand Developed API Library Data Handling CORBA Databases XML Advanced Algorithms Adaptive Signal Control Adaptive Ramp Metering Dynamic Network Loading
Vissim vs Paramics l Paramics is better in following aspects: ¡ ¡ ¡ l Large-scale network modeling Faster simulation speed API OD estimation tool Conversion tool Vissim excels in ¡ ¡ ¡ Car-following model Easy learning Vissum, as planning model
Data needs l Coverage l Accuracy l Data processing
Model Calibration l Model needs to be calibrated before applications ¡ Capacity calibration ¡ OD Estimation ¡ Route choice calibration ¡ Bottleneck calibration
Proposed calibration targets l Flow ¡ Within 25%-75% percentile ¡ Due to traffic congestion, variation l Speed contours ¡ Three levels of targets Visual assessment l Match Bottleneck Area l Detailed Bottleneck Calibration l
Sample applications
Signal control l Signal ¡ ¡ Hardware-in-loop, testing 170 controller Adaptive signal control based on real-time delay estimation
Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp Metering Algorithms l Algorithms ALINEA, BOTTLENECK, ZONE Morning peak hour (6: 30 -10: 00) ¡ High Demand ¡ Low Demand Scenarios ¡ l l ¡ ¡ Recurrent congestion Non-recurrent congestion l Incidents: block the rightmost lane for 10 minute l at the beginning of congestion at the end of congestion l
Evaluation of Adaptive Ramp Metering Algorithms (cont. )
Optimization of parameters of ALINEA l ALINEA, ¡A local feedback ramp-metering strategy l Optimization method: ¡ Hybrid method: simulation + GA
Optimization of parameters of ALINEA (Cont. )
Ramp Metering Evaluation Platform l What is it? ¡ l What does it consist of? ¡ l A library of metering algorithms either currently or potentially applied in California is included in this platform. The platform has intuitive graphical interfaces in order to facilitate Caltrans practitioners. How has it been used? ¡ l A simple platform to guide Caltrans personnel on how to successfully manipulate the various aspects of the ramp-metering systems, including initializing parameters, fine tuning of parameters, performance analyses, and hypothetical "what if" simulated testing. Not yet deployed. How can it be used? ¡ provides a quick and cost-effective way to conduct ramp-metering studies.
Evaluation of Traffic Delay Reduction from AWIS l Work zone ¡ l Noticeable source of accidents and congestion AWIS: ¡ ¡ Automated Workzone Information Systems Components: l l l ¡ Sensors Portable CMS Central controller Benefits: l l Provide traffic information Potentially • Improve safety • Enhance traffic system efficiency
Evaluation of Traffic Delay Reduction from AWIS (cont. )
Caltrans’ Traffic Management System master plan
Caltrans’ Traffic Management System master plan (cont. )
Corridor management Plan Demo l Goal: ¡ l Major Tool: ¡ l to incorporate detailed multi-modal performance measurement and operational analysis into the traditional corridor planning efforts. Microscopic Traffic Simulation (Paramics) Outcome: ¡ ¡ A template for Caltrans to use in corridor planning efforts that will integrate both planning and operations To help to address the problem of lost system productivity during congestion, thereby improving mobility in the most cost effective manner.
I-880 corridor simulation
I-880 improvement projects l Interchange improvement ¡ ¡ l Freeway mainline improvement ¡ ¡ l ¡ Add an aux lane along SB 880 from SR-238 to A St. Add an aux lane along NB 880 from Tennyson to SR-92 Arterial improvement ¡ l Extend HOV lanes Add one more lane to both NB and SB SR-238 Construct auxiliary lanes ¡ l SR-92 Davis Marina Mission Blvd … Widen Stevenson from 4 to 8 lanes
I-880 improvement projects SR 92 Current I-880/SR 92 Interchange I-880
Proposed Improvements A & B A: Add 3 - lane facility on SR 92 EB which continues until I-880 interchange B A B: Remove a diagonal ramp to Hesperian NB and add two left turn lanes on loop ramp to Hesperian SB
Proposed Improvements C, D, E, & F C: Remove SR 92 to 880 NB loop and add 3 lane flyover ramp(1 lane for HOV only). F E D C D: Improve the curvature of 880 SB to SR 92 WB E: Improve the curvature of 880 NB to SR 92 EB F: Remove SR 92 to 880 SB loop and add 1 lane flyover ramp
Proposed Improvements G & H G: Add 1 aux lane on 880 SB until Tennyson Rd H: Add 1 aux lane on 880 NB from Tennyson Rd G H
Proposed Improvements I & J I: Add 1 aux lane on 880 NB until Winton Ave J: Add 1 aux lane on 880 SB from Winton Ave
I-880/SR 92 Interchange Improvements
I-880/SR 92 Interchange: After Improvement
Benefit Analysis of Selected Proposed Orange County Freeway Improvement Projects l Project 1: Re-stripe left shoulder of I-5 between SR-55 interchange and SR-22/SR-57 interchange to add second HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) lane. l Project 2: Re-stripe left shoulder on I-5 between Tustin Ranch Road and SR-133 interchange to add continuous auxiliary lane. l Project 3: Extend existing HOV lane on SR-55 from the I-405 to Victoria in both directions. l Project 4 -1: Add one general purpose lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano. l Project 4 -2: Extend HOV lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano.
Re-stripe left shoulder of I-5 between SR -55 interchange and SR-22/SR-57 interchange to add second HOV (High Occupancy Vehicle) lane
Re-stripe left shoulder on I-5 between Tustin Ranch Road and SR-133 interchange to add continuous auxiliary lane
Extend existing HOV lane on SR-55 from the I-405 to Victoria in both directions
Add one general purpose lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano
Extend HOV lane on I-5 between the Orange/San Diego County line and Camino Capistrano
ATMS Training and Development System l What is it? ¡ l What does it consist of? ¡ l An ITS Test Center and TMC Simulator that provides connectivity to the Testbed’s realtime data streams (field and simulated). Provides both “live”and “virtual” connections to Caltrans field traffic control systems. An adjoining “classroom” has capacity for fifteen Caltrans trainees. How has it been used? ¡ l A high-end simulator for use in Caltrans operator training efforts as well as a true testing facility for ATMS upgrades and enhancements within an environment with the full functionality of a Caltrans TMC. Provides Caltrans TMC operator training. How can it be used? ¡ Test and evaluate upgrades/enhancements to TMC operations in a secure environment that exactly duplicates actual TMC software systems and data feeds.
ATMS Training and Development System loop data incident ramp metering, CMS messages
Effects by Allowing Single Occupant Hybrid Vehicles on HOV Lanes l Objective: Evaluate the impacts of allowing use of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes by single-occupant gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles l Three major components: ¡ ¡ ¡ l microscopic simulation modeling, emission modeling for HOV/hybrid system, demand modeling for future hybrid vehicles. Scenarios considered
Effects by Allowing Single Occupant Hybrid Vehicles on HOV Lanes (cont. )
Extension of Hybrid HOV Lane Microsimulation Model l Evaluation of the impacts of: ¡ ¡ l allowing single-occupant vehicles to pay a toll to use the HOV lanes (so-called HOT lanes) the use of Caltrans District 12 HOV lanes as a part time system with no buffer separating the lanes (similar to the HOV system that exists in Caltrans District 4) Investigate the impacts of: ¡ Priority-based HOV operation Priority level Vehicle types 6 Bus 5 HOV 4 plus (includes van pools) 4 HOV 3 3 HOV 2 2 Hybrids, Low Emission Vehicles (LEV) 1 SOV willing to pay toll 0 SOV
Distributed Paramics Modeling • • Global Network Database Global Network Monitoring Global Path Calculation Path Tree Storage Global Path Controller CORBA middle ware Vehicle Routing API Network Monitoring API Subnet Simulator 1 Subnet Simulator 2 Subnet Simulator 3 Subnet Simulator 4 Other Supporting Other Supporting Other Supporting APIs APIs APIs Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer 3 Sub-network Simulation Components Computer 4
On-line simulation
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