學習理論 • Behavioral – 是行為的改變 是透過練習的結果consequences and practice – 看待學習者和他們的行為是來自於環境刺激的結果 • Cognitive (individual constructivist) – attention, memory, knowledge, organization, elaboration, effort – 看待學習者的學習是來自於對知識經驗刺激透過計畫 注意目標想法記憶種種活動進而建構意義
Practice
認知取向的學習理論 • Information-processing theory 學習是處理我們所接收到的訊息 老師是訊息的提 供者學生是訊息的處理者 請簡單寫出你用來記憶和學習新概念的方法 其過程是 感官接收器 (4秒)-知覺 注意 短期( 作)記憶 (12秒)-複誦 組織 長期記憶- The goal of teaching
COUNT THE NUMBER OF “F’s” IN THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS.
COUNT THE NUMBER OF “F’s” IN THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARS.
A B Which player has the strongest poker hand?
A B Which player has the strongest poker hand? Did you notice the red six of spades?
Can a Powerpoint show tell what you think?
You can see 6 cards. Think one of them. Just think. Think now.
Close your Just think eyes and about your card.
Look, I took your card.
Bet I can do it again.
Look at the cards. Go ahead. Pick a different one. Just think. Think harder.
Close your Just think eyes and about your card.
I took your card again!
Here’s how it’s done.
You can see 6 cards. Think one of them. Just think. Think now. Look, I took your card. Back to short-term memory
你能在 12秒內記起來嗎? FB IMT VU SAHB OC IA
或許這樣便容易記起來 FB IMT VU SAHB OC IA FBI MTV USA HBO CIA
如何幫助學生增進長期的記憶? Using a good strategy is more helpful than just trying to learn. 給於高層次的處理 (與他有關) 雙碼 聯結 對聯學習 序列學習 自由學習 WHAT ARE EIGHT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND?
EIGHT COUNTIES IN ENGLAND • Avon • Somerset • Cornwall • Wiltshire • Dorset • Devon • Hampshire • Surrey
1 An Avon lady walks up a path toward a house. 2 She is sweating because it is SUMMER (Somerset). Somerset 3 Suddenly, she sees a giant CORN growing out of a WALL of the house (Cornwall). Cornwall 4 The corn is beginning to WILT in the heat (Wiltshire). Wiltshire 5 She knocks on the DOOR (Dorset), Dorset 6 which is opened by the DEVIL (Devon) Devon 7 eating a HAM (Hampshire). Hampshire 8 She panics, screams “SORRY!” and dashes back down the path (Surrey). Surrey
為何導致遺忘? • 干擾 • 倒攝抑制(新舊訊息相似) • 順攝抑制
Скачать презентацию 學習理論 Behavioral 是行為的改變 是透過練習的結果consequences and practice
5da5c889ab9c268e8e05b32ac7611596.ppt