Ⅰ para 1 Introduction Ⅱ para 2 -5

Ⅰ. (para. 1) Introduction Ⅱ. (para. 2 -5) 3 sources of legislative proposals A. government bills from government departments B. private members bills by individual MPs 1. through the ballot procedure 2. under Standing Order 39 3. under the Ten-minute rule procedure C. recommendations of independent commissions and committees Ⅲ. (para. 6 -10) Legislative process bill→ 3 readings in both Houses →Royal Assent received→ act Ⅳ. (para. 11 -12) Types of legislation A. public act: government act & private members act private act B. act covering new areas act revising the existing legal rules: consolidating act & codifying act as examples

Text Ⅱ The Enactment of Laws in US Words: constituent cf. constituency , veto, override, nomenclature, biennial, notwithstanding, supersede, preempt Useful expressions: lie with, in response to, (law) provides that…, vest sth. in sb. / vest sb. with sth. , in considerable detail(s), carry sth. into execution, branch / chamber / house of Congress, carry over to (prep. ), in identical form, be numbered in sequence, delegate (power) to sb. , (power) be reserved to sb. , serve as a basis for, be attributable to, with the exception of, upper and lower house, be similar to, within the scope of, conflict (v. ) directly with, answer (n. ) to sth. , be of superior authoritativeness to (prep. ), frustrate (vt. )…objective Terms: checks and balances, supremacy clause, pre-emption doctrine Proper names: H. R. 1, S. 1, Archivist