Εργαστήριο Τοπικής και Νησιωτικής Ανάπτυξης Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου UNWTO

Εργαστήριο Τοπικής και Νησιωτικής Ανάπτυξης Πανεπιστήμιο Αιγαίου UNWTO observatory of Sustainable Tourism for the South Aegean region: The case of Santorini Dr. SPILANIS Ioannis Ass. Professor - University of the Aegean IMIC 2015 - Santorini 9/10/2015

The UNWTO Gost Program • is designed to help destinations become more sustainable by the creation of Observatories • has to develop and implement indicators and to help destinations understand what sustainability meant and what would be needed to make it happen. • has to create into the destinations a system of information which can support improved decisionmaking at all scales with the active participation of the local stakeholders

Mandatory issues to be monitored • • • Local satisfaction with tourism Destination economic benefits Employment Tourism seasonality Energy management Water management Waste management Solid waste management Development control Annual report to UNWTO

The role of the Observatory: Tourism Governance based on data Un of the Aegean Observatory of UNWTO Tourism Council Direction of Tourism RSA Vision Strategic Plan Regional Action Plan Municipal Committee of Tourism Promotion Tourism Office Vision Identity Local Action Plan

Aiming: Observatory of Sustainable Tourism for Destinations Α) Record, protect and management of resources b) Record and Management of the Supply & Demand – Management of seasonality Monitoring of guest satisfaction c) Monitoring financial results. Support entrepreneurs - increased revenue/tourism expenditure d) Creating new and better jobs – increase revenues e) Connection with other sectors of the economy (agriculture-culture) f) Improving environmental management for enterprises and destinations g) Multilevel Marketing Plan We have to provide responses to 2 main questions : Why a tourism to chose a destination mainly during the low season? How the tourism expenditure and employment can raise?

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 1 Tourism – Supply (1) Number of beds in professional and private accommodation: categories UNITS HOTELS 280 CAMPING 2 BED AND BREAKFAST 1252 TOTAL PRIVATE HOUSES ROOMS BEDS 688 519+6 12562 525 23254 36341 7854 23562 TOTAL 59. 903 Majority of B&B and private houses High Pressure: 2, 39 (prof beds) & 3, 93(total beds) beds/inh + 479 (prof beds), 790 (total beds) beds/km 2, 991 (t+inh)

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 1 Tourism – Supply (2) Resources - Attractions: Natural: Volcano, mount Profet Ilias, Natura 2000 area Cultural: Akrotiri, Ancient Thira, Museums, churches, traditional settlements, Castles, windmills…. . Products: wine (PDO, PGI), fava, small tomatos, fresh cheese, white eggplant Places to visit: sites with view, museums, producers Unique resources: Κaldera, Αkrotiri Myths ?

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 1 Tourism – Supply(3) • Activities – Sea sports: diving – Trekking: the “unknown Santorini” – “Weddings” – Visiting or “seeing” Kaldera – Gastronomy: wine factories – vineyard (only visit? ) • Special Interest Tourism – – Trekking, gastronomic, ? ? – no many products – not really “experiential tourism”

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 2 Tourism – Demand (1) Arrivals to the island: manly by ship. ακτοπλοϊκά εξωτερικού εσωτερικού High seasonality 44, 9% July – August + 29, 7% June + September ακτοπλοϊκά εξωτερικού εσωτερικού

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 2 Tourism – Demand (2) • Declared nights spent in hotels by principal nationalities: Total 404263 Greeks 38013 (9, 4%) British 55881 (13, 8%) Italians 45556 (11, 3%) US 33806 (8, 4%) Germans 29408 (7, 3%) Average Stay: GR: 3, 2 – UK-IT-DE: 5, 4 – US: 2, 8 Total: 3, 9 – Relatively large dispersion of nationalities FOR GR

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 2 Tourism – Demand (3) Declared nights spent don’t reflect the reality given by arrivals and by other sources concerning occupancy rate (50% /5 – 85% / 8) Estimations: Arr For NS For Arr B&B NS B&B Arr Private NS Private scenario 1: 32 t/b 105. 112 404. 243 195. 109 760. 928 109. 023 1. 090. 230 scenario 2: 70 t/b 225. 471 879. 340 428. 802 1. 664. 530 109. 023 1. 090. 230 scenario 1 = 2. 255. 401 nights spent only 409. 244 arrivals (3, 9 A. Stay) scenario 2 = 3. 634. 100 nights spent 763. 296 arrivals (3, 9 A. Stay) … when the arrivals of tourists in Santorini (2012) are estimated 857. 973 + Cruise ships: 512 vessels with 742. 553 pass (2014) – 582/778057 (2013) – 718/838. 857 (2012) – Expenditure ? National estimation is 40€ + Yachts: unknown number and behavior • What is the actual pressure and need for management?

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 3 Results and impact (1) Expenditure per day of foreign tourists in Greece (2012, B of Greece): US 91, 3 - IT 68, 3 - D 65, 3 - UK 71, 5 – FR 78, 9 €/day. Average expenditure under decline since 2005: - 17, 5% Average expenditure in South Aegean Region : 88, 2€/d The breakdown of the expenditure : Type of accommodation n Restaurant bar Transport Entertainme nt Purchases Other expenditures hotel 31, 8% 25, 5% 12% 9, 8% 21% other 27, 1% 34, 3% 14, 4% 5, 6% 18, 7%

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 3 Results and impact (2) Expenditure per day of Greeks – national estimations people traveling 1 -3 days / people traveling for 4 days +

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 3 Results and impact (3) Expenditure of Greeks staying in private houses is 30% of the expenditure of people staying in professional accomodation

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 3 Results and impact (4) Employment: • Census: 1994 hotels-bars-restaurants + 1325 retail + 368 transport + 54 entertainment (concerns only locals) • Based on national estimations: 0, 29 employment in tourism per bed: 10. 538 employment !!!! Environment: • Housing: 13528 houses for 2011 compared to 3755 for 1971 (27%) – intense and widespread construction • Nights spent: 3. 634. 100 = 9956 annual inhabitants but not equally distributed Water Energy Waste • Resources – Waste: Daily cons/pr 300 lit/ns 1 kwh/ns 1, 8 kilo/ns Δ. 3. 634. 100 1, 09 m of m 3 3, 634 m kwh 6. 541 t

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 4: Impact (1) - Economic: - increase and change of structure of employment - Different structure from the region and the country: monoactivity ΘΗΡΑ/ΘΗΡΑΣΙΑ ΠΝΑ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 4: Impact (2) Demographic: • Population increase from 6487 (1971) to 15231 (2011) • Positive natural mouvement: +1173 (2001 -13), +7, 74% (nat mov/pop), +3, 44% RSA, +1, 15% Kyklades. • Active pop 49, 3% (national average 42, 4%), • foreigners: 3169 (20, 6%) compared to 8, 3% Greece • High young pop (17, 8% for Thira but 11, 6% for Thirassia compared to 16, 5% country) • Low elderly (11, 0% compared to 19, 5%), 27, 7% Thirassia

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 4: Impact (3) Environment: • Deterioration of landscape (coastal zone + kaldera) from construction : 3755 houses (1971) to 13528 (2011) when only 5674 are occupied from 15097 inhabitants, • Very severe problems of lack of water : private transport + 2 desalination • Wastewater management: 3 plants • Waste management: recycling? Landfil? • Transport: congestion + noise • Energy: conventional plant+ few renewable (solar panel +, Photovoltaic) due to conservation rules

Report on the situation and policy proposals Β. 5 Applied policy and local govetnance (1) As there was no answer to the UNWTO questionnaire our kwonledge on the destination is indirect • ; • Local Tourism Committee exists and works but its decisions are not public • Tourism office or other structure in order to apply Committee decisions? Which structure works on promotion and information? • Website very general and incomplete • DMO: efforts of the Municipality but unsuccesful

Next steps From the above analysis some results but the lack of information is obvious What steps to do? Ø questionnaires and surveys to tourists and enterprises in order to complete information Ø surveys on tourists' and locals' satisfaction Ø strategic plan to face problems and to cope with different "visions" and goals of local actors Policy proposals: - "Aegean quality" as quality label in order to improve services provided from public and private sector - Management of tourists flows to cope with congestion - Shift from passive, massive, generic and low added value to active, qualitative, selective and high added value experience - Create a DMO for a "new" marketing system

Ευχαριστούμε για τη προσοχή ispil@aegean. gr stobservatory@aegean. gr Tel: +30 22510 36229 http: //tourismobservatory. ba. aegean. gr/